nutraceuticals natural resources for nutrition

nutraceuticals

1. NUTRACEUTICALS Dr. Aneri Patel * : Practical Exam

2. INTRODUCTION 2 Changes in lifestyle  high stress level, bad eating habits and sedentary work life ↓ Obesity, HTN, DM and IHD Nutraceuticals demand ↑  ↑ by people for various therapeutic outcome Nutraceutical Term: S tephen D efelice in 1989, founder and chairman of the foundation for innovation in medicine Defination : Nutraceutical is a food (or part of a food ) that provides medical or health benefits including the prevention &/or treatment of a disease. A/k/a :Superfood Bioceuticals

3. DIFFERENCE PHARMACEUTICAL NUTRACEUTICAL Pharmaceutical is referred as a drug Nutraceutical is a health product Used as prophylaxis and treatment of diseases Nutraceutical is used for prophylaxis of diseases Prescription is mandatory for pharmaceutical (except OTC drugs) Prescription is not mandatory for nutraceuticals Requires licence for regulatory authorities For marketing, licence is not mandatory 3

4. 4 Dietary fibres Probiotics Polyunsaturated fatty acids Antioxidant vitamin Minerals Polyphenols Nutraceutical substance

5. 5 1) DIETARY FIBRES : Lignin and non- digestible carbohydrate composition Present in intrinsic and intact plants Use: R elieve constipation and soluble dietary fibres delay gastric emptying P revent breast cancer Inhibit reabsorption of bile acid 2) PROBIOTICS : Ingestion of live helpful bacteria like lactobacillus Bifido- bacterium : relieve diarrhoea reduces symptoms of IBD, IBS

6. 6 3) POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS (PUFAS) : Two groups: omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 ( ω -6 ) ↓ a-linoleic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) Source: fatty fishes, fish oil ( herring), salmon, mackerel, tuna, seeds, nuts, avocado 4) ANTIOXIDANTS : Beta carotene Polyphenols Carotenoids Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Lycopene Vitamin E Lutein Tocopherols Flavones Lipoic acid Flavonoids Glutathione

7. 7 NUTRACEUTICAL SOURCES BENEFICIAL EFFECTS  CAROTENOIDS 1. Lycopene Guava, papaya, watermelon, tomato Reduces cholesterol levels, antioxidant , protects against Ca. 2. B-Carotene Vegetables, fruits, oats, carrots Antioxidant 3. Lutein Spinach, corn, avocado, egg yolk Anticancer, protects eyes against muscular degenerations, cataracts 4. Tocotrienol Palm oil, different grains Improves cardiovascular health, prevents breast cancer 5. Saponins Beans like soya beans, chickpeas Effective in colon cancer, reduces cholesterol level PHYTOESTROGENS 1. Isoflavones Legumes, beans like soya beans Antioxidant, lowers LDL cholesterol 2. Lignans Vegetables,rye Prevents colon and breast cancer DIETARY FIBRE 1. Soluble fibre Beans like legumes, cereals like oats, barley Maintain healthy digestive tract and have anticancer activity 2. Insoluble fibre Whole ain foods wheat and corn Maintain healthy digestive tract and have anticancer activity FATTY ACIDS Omega 3 fatty acids Present in salmon and flax seed Anti-inflammatory, maintains brain function 2. Monosaturated fatty acids Present in tree nuts Reduces the risk of coronary heart disease PROBIOTICS Lactobacilli, bifido bacteriae present in yogurt Production of bacteriocins and organic acids, modulation of immune response, inhibits colonization of pathogens

8. 8 5) COENZYME Q10 : Inhibits generation of free radicals and prevents damage to lipids, proteins and DNA Used as a purified dietary supplement Prescribed heart failure, hypertension and statin induced myopathy Used to boost immunity, increase energy level and to relieve fatigue Beneficial in muscle pains, myopathies, ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, heart failure and radiation injury D elays progression of degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease 6) SEVERAL ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES : Used as component of multivitamin tablets E.g.: Glutathione Peroxidase, Glutathione Reductase & Superoxide Dismutase

9. 9 7) METAL BINDING PROTEINS : Albumin , ceruloplasmin and ferritin  isolate free form of metals like iron and copper  participate in oxidative reactions 8) GLUCOSAMINE SULFATE AND CHONDROITIN SULFATE : Glucosamine and chondroitin  natural compounds  in healthy cartilage Supplements: glucosamine sulphate and glucosamine hydro- chloride Use: OA ( anti- inflammatory and cartilage protecting effects) 9) PREBIOTICS : Non-digestible substances  + growth of intestinal flora  prevent growth of pathogenic micro-organism

10. 10 10) FLAVONES (POLYPHENOLS) : Organic compounds  multiples of phenol units Protect cells from photosynthetic stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) I mportant polyphenols: flavones, flavonoids and phenolic acids Dietary polyphenols Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiatherogenic and anticarcinogenic Use: CVS diseases like HTN, CAD, DM, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease & Ca. Curcumin Found: Turmeric  Use: Indian cooking antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti carcinogenic inhibits lipid peroxidation and has free radial scavenging effects, pro-inflammatory ILs, cytokines, PGs and TNFα Red wine Reduce the incidence of coronary artery disease Mechanism: reduces the synthesis of endothelin-1 (ET-1) which is responsible for atherogenesis in artery Tea Beneficial effects when consumed as black tea or green tea Prevent various cancers of skin, oesophagus, pancreas, stomach, colon, breast and lungs Diacerein ( diacetylrhein ) Chondroprotective effect due to inhibition of synthesis of cytokines IL-1 (Use: OA) Decreases breakdown of collagen and stimulates proliferation of chondrocyte Inhibits generation of superoxide, phagocytic action of neutrophils and chemotaxis

11. 11 11) MICRONUTRIENTS : V itamins, antioxidant, phytochemicals/bioflavonoids and minerals  needed in small amounts (in micro- or milligram quantities) Not produced by the body; derived from the diet Improving physical and mental performance, enhances immunity, preventing cancer Micronutrient deficiency: hidden hunger Micronutrient malnutrition: diseases caused by a dietary deficiency of vitamins and minerals Three categories: ( i ) Phytochemicals ( ii) Essential inorganic micronutrient (minerals) ( iii) Essential organic micronutrient (vitamins)

12. 12 PHYTOCHEMICALS/ BIOFLAVONOIDS ESSENTIAL INORGANIC MICRONUTRIENTS ESSENTIAL ORGANIC MICRONUTRIENT Exogenous antioxidants Present: fruits, vegetables and whole grains Used: heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis and cancer Mineral trace elements Calcium, phosphorus, iron, copper, chromium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, selenium, molybdenum, sodium, potassium, iodine, chloride and fluoride IODINE : GOITER * IRON : ANAEMIA Fat soluble vitamins: A, D, E, K Water soluble vitamins: 1. B-complex : B1:thiamine B2:riboflavin, B3:niacin, B5:pentothenic acid, B6:pyridoxine, B7:biotin, B9:folic acid and B12:cyanocobalamin 2. Vitamin- C Regulatory authorities: FOOD SAFETY AND SECURITY ACT FOOD SAFETY AND STANDARDS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (FSSAI) *

13. 13 VITAMIN DEFICINCY * VITAMIN SOURCES DISEASE A Carrot, sweet potato, spinach, eggs, fish, pumpkin Night Blindness B1 Pork, soy, watermelon, tomato, spinach Beriberi B2 Dairy, meat, leafy veggies, oysters Ariboflavinosis B3 Beef, chicken, shrimp, avocado, peanuts, tomato Pellagra B5 Fruits, vegetables, milk, beef, fish, eggs, pork Paraesthesia B6 Chicken, tofu, banana, watermelon, fish Anaemia B7 Whole grains, eggs, almonds, soybeans, fish Dermatitis, Enteritis B9 & B12 * B9- Spinach, leafy greens, chickpea, tomato * B12- Beef, pork, poultry, fish, eggs * Megaloblastic Anaemia C * Fruit & juices, pepper, broccoli, tomato, spinach Scurvy, Swelling gums D Egg yolk, fish, sunlight Rickets, Osteomalacia E Nuts, avocado, tofu, whole grain, seeds ↓ fertility K Broccoli, leafy greens, Brussels sprouts Non clotting of blood

14. 14 VITAMIN B12 * VITAMIN C * IODINE * Megaloblastic Anaemia Gum hypertrophy & bleeding Goiter

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