Nutritiion PPT done by Hharshini Barathidasan Dinoo

Done by Harshini Dinoo ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

1. FACTORS AFFECTING FOOD & NUTRITION - Harshini. B (22FSN016)

2. FOOD SECURITY "Food Security is achieved when it is ensured that all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life"

3. FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY

4. Food & Nutrition security in India A Backdrop India faced the worst Bengal famine 1943 • Acute shortage of food , starvation & hunger Agricultural production was low/depended on imports Poor distribution and networking Very low purchasing power/Inadequate dietary intakes Poor quality of drinking water Unhygienic environment/sanitation facilities Illiteracy and low awareness Poor access to health care facilities High rates of undernutrition & micro nut. malnutrition

5. Ranking of states within India from lowest to highest India State Hunger Index scores 2022

6. AGE / DEVELOPMENT

7. AGE / DEVELOPMENT People in rapid period growth (ex. Infancy & Adolescence) have increased needs for nutrients. Elders (Old age), on other hand, need fewer calories & dietary changes.

8. GENDER

9. GENDER Nutrients requirements are different for men & women because of body composition & reproductive functions. Men - requires greater need of calories & Protein because of larger body mass. Women - requires more iron because of menstruation. Pregnant & Lactating Mothers have increased caloric & fluid needs.

10. ETHNICITY & CULTURE

11. ETHNICITY & CULTURE Ethnicity often determine food preference. Cultural beliefs and customs vary from state to state and even the staple food is not the same. A person in south India will have rice & Jowar as his staple food. A person in North India will have wheat as his staple food. Even the variety of rice is different, as people in Tamil Nadu eat white rice. A person in Kerala eats red/brown rice, which is more nutritious. Most of communities in India that Women & girls eat only after men & boys finish their eating. Curd & citrus food is not taken by a person suffering from cold & cough.

12. SOCIAL FACTOR

13. SOCIAL FACTOR Many people believe in superstition and try to avoid certain food. Papaya is avoided during pregnancy, as it is to cause abortion. Pregnant women drink milk with saffron to have a fair baby. Consumption of Garlic will increase milk secretion. Some food like papaya, meat, eggs, & legumes are believed to increase heat in the body.

14. RELIGIOUS FACTOR

15. RELIGIOUS FACTORS Many Hindus are vegetarian. Jain do not eat after sunset. Muslims are prohibited from eating pork. Hindus do not eat beef.

16. TRADITIONAL FACTOR

17. TRADITIONAL FACTOR The cooking practice also act as a barrier to achieving a balanced diet. Ex- using polished rice Draining away a rice water Boiling of vegetables adds to great loss of nutrients. Doing a fasting

18. ECONOMICAL FACTOR

19. ECONOMICAL FACTOR Food selection is based upon a affordability. A daily wage earner will spend more on staple food than fruits & vegetables. They depends on cereals, low cost green leafy vegetables & root and tubers. An effluent person will consume a variety of foods.

20. GEOGRAPHICAL FACTOR

21. GEOGRAPHICAL FACTOR People in coastal areas of Karnataka, Kerala, Goa & west Bengal consume a lot of sea food. Rice is staple food in South India (Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu) Wheat is staple food of Northern & eastern regions. As wheat is the main crop in temperate regions.

22. PRODUCTION & TRANSPORT

23. PRODUCTION & TRANSPORT Locally grown foods are consumed more and the availability of the locally grown product is cheaper.

24. LIFESTYLE

25. LIFESTYLE Food forms an important Part of festivals, parties & celebration. The way person lives his life influence his food habits. The work routine and the timings at work also affects the food habits

26. OTHER FACTORS

27. OTHER FACTORS Health status Agriculture Availability Education status

28. CHALLENGES

29. CHALLENGES Implementation/Social auditing/monitoring Identifying beneficiaries is a problem Storage and transport are difficult Quality of food grains Diversion of food grains Pulses, oils, vegetables and fruits are needed for a balanced diet.

30. Simultaneous efforts to promote the above At community & HH levels , ICDS/MDM, community kitchens are needed Nutrition education/awareness/exclusive breast feeding/ complimentary foods Intra family distribution Immunization CHALLENGES