NUTRITION PHARMCISTS GROUP AUGUST 15TH.pptx

NUTRITION

1. THE ROLE OF SEED NUTRITION IN MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC HEALTH DISORDERS IN PHARMACY PRACTICE: MY EXPERIENCE PRESENTATION TO THE NUTRITION SUPPORT PHARMACISTS OF NIGERIA (NSPN), SPECIALTY GROUP OF THE CLINICAL PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION OF NIGERIA (CPAN) 15 TH AUGUST, 2024

2. CONTENTS What Are Seeds? Historical N utritional values of Seeds “The Seed” as a source of Nutritional Benefits The Power of Seed Nutrition: The Effects of Black Cumin Seeds Some Health Benefits of Seeds Seed Nutrition: My Experience in Community Pharmacy Practice Some Pictorials & Testimonials Questions, Comments & Contributions References

3. SEEDS-What Are They? They are small embryonic plants enclosed in a coat, the product of the ripened ovule of flowering plants after pollination and the completion of the process of reproduction. Seeds are the sources of life. Within each seed is a chemical profile of phytonutrients, vitamins, minerals etc. Because seeds are the source, its chemical profile contains more nutrients per part than what it grows into, making it the most potent home of nutrition .

4. HISTORICAL NUTRITIONAL VALUES OF SEEDS Seeds have been a vital food source throughout human history providing essential nutrients for survival and well-being.

5. HISTORICAL NUTRITIONAL VALUES OF SEEDS In Ancient civilizations: Egyptians (around 1500 BCE): Used seeds like flax, hemp, and sesame as sources of protein, oil and fibre. Greeks & Romans (around 500CE): consumed seeds like sesame, poppy, and sunflower for their nutritional value.

6. HISTORICAL NUTRITIONAL VALUES OF SEEDS Traditional Diets Native American cultures: relied on seeds like sunflower, pumpkin, and chia for protein, healthy fats, and fibre. African cultures: Used seeds like sesame, millet, and sorghum as staples in their diet. Asian cultures: Consumed seeds like sesame, lotus, and pumpkin for their nutritional and medicinal properties .

7. HISTORICAL NUTRITIONAL VALUES OF SEEDS Nutritional values Protein: seeds like legumes(beans, lentils, peas), hemps, and chia are high in protein. Healthy fats: s eeds like flax, chia, hemp sesame are rich in omega-3 an omega-6 fatty acids. Fibre : seeds like chia, flax and psyllium are high in dietary fibre.

8. HISTORICAL NUTRITIONAL VALUES OF SEEDS Nutritional values Vitamins & Minerals: seeds like sesame, sunflower, and pumpkin are good sources of vitamins B,E and minerals like calcium, magnesium, and zinc. Antioxidants: many seeds, like black cumin , chia, sesame, sunflower, contain antioxidants that protect against oxidative stress.

9. SOME COMMON SEEDS BENEFICIAL TO CLINICAL PRACTICE BLACK CUMIN SEEDS- Nigella sativa FLAX SEEDS- Linum usitatissimum SESAME SEEDS SUNFLOWER SEEDS PUMPKIN SEEDS CHIA SEEDS- Salvia hispanica LOTUS SEEDS MILLET SEEDS CORIANDER SEEDS These seeds are good sources of Magnesium, Zinc, Fatty acids and antioxidants

10. LET’S LOOK AT SOME FEW SEEDS & THEIR BENEFITS

11. BLACK CUMIN SEEDS Obtained from Nigella sativa. Possesses remarkable anti-oxidant properties. Very rich in antioxidants like thymoquinone , nigellone , nigellidine and carvacrol . Possesses strong anti-inflammatory properties. Anti-cancer properties Neuro -protective properties against degenerative disorders Strong cardiovascular health benefits Possesses strong anti-aging benefits by reducing oxidative stress and promoting overall well-being

12. CHIA SEEDS Obtained from Salvia hispanica . Very rich source of anti-oxidants. Very rich in chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin -good against cancer, kaempferol and gallic acid. Chia seeds: Protect against oxidative stress and inflammation. Reduce risk of cancer Supports heart health. Has anti-aging benefits Enhances cognitive function Supports bone health Supports immune system Improves glucose metabolism

13. FLAX SEEDS Obtained from Linum usitatissimum . Also known as linseed. Very rich source of Lignans -phytoestrogens with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Polyphenols: flavonoids, phenolic acids, and lgnans Omega-3 fatty acids (ALA) Fiber: ferulic acid, a vey potent antioxidant Selenium and Vitamin E Flax seeds: Supports healthy aging Reduce risk of cancer Supports heart health Enhances cognitive function Supports bone health Supports immune system Improves glucose metabolism May reduce inflammation

14. SOME CONSTITUTENTS OF SEED NUTRITION Proteins Lipids Omega Fatty acids Carbohydrates Fibres Essential elements e.g.Potassium , Calcium etc Minerals Vitamins e.g. Vit.B series, C, D & E etc Bioactive phytochemical like phytosterols etc

15. THE ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN CHRONIC ILLNESSES Inflammation plays a significant role in chronic illnesses, contributing to their development, progression, and severity. Chronic inflammation is usually characterized by: Persistent activation of immune cells Continuous release of pro-inflammatory molecules Tissue damage and repair imbalance

16. THE ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN CHRONIC ILLNESSES Chronic inflammation is linked to various chronic illnesses, including: Arthritis Cardiovascular disease(atherosclerosis, hypertension) Diabetes (type 2) Cancer (tumor growth, metastasis) Neurodegenerative diseases(Alzheimer’s , Parkinson’s) Respiratory diseases (asthma, COPD) Gastrointestinal disorders (inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel disease) Metabolic syndrome

17. THE ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN CHRONIC ILLNESSES Chronic inflammation contributes to: Cellular damage and tissue destruction Oxidative stress and antioxidant imbalance Immune system dysregulation Hormonal imbalance Gut microbiome disruption Epigenetic changes Mitochondrial dysfunction

18. THE ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN CHRONIC ILLNESSES Factors Promoting Chronic inflammation: Poor diet (processed foods, sugar, unhealthy fats) Sedentary lifestyle Stress Environmental toxins(pollution, pesticides) Infections (chronic or latent) Genetic predisposition Sleep disturbances Obesity

19. THE ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN CHRONIC ILLNESSES Managing Chronic Inflammation: Dietary changes-anti-inflammatory foods, omega 3 fatty acids)- THIS IS OUR FOCUS TODAY Exercise and physical activity Stress Management-meditation, listening to music Adequate sleep Weight management Quitting smoking Limiting environmental toxins exposure Supplements rich in omega 3, antioxidants, probiotics Medications- anti-inflammatory drugs.

20. THE RELEVANCE OF ORAC(Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) VALUE IN MANAGEMENT OF INFLAMMATION & CHRONIC ILLNESSES

21. ORAC VALUE ORAC ( Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) value measures the ANTI-OXIDANT CAPACITY of a substance, food, or supplement. It indicates the ability to neutralize harmful free radicals, which contribute to oxidative stress, cell damage, and chronic diseases. ORAC Units: measures the capacity to absorb and neutralize oxygen radicals. It is expressed in micomoles of Trolox equivalent (TE) per gram or 100 grams.

22. ORAC VALUE Higher ORAC values indicate greater antioxidant capacity. ORAC values for some common foods and substances: Berries (e.g., blueberries, raspberries): 9,000 – 30,000 µ mol TE/100g Leafy greens (e.g., spinach,kale ): 1,000-4,000 µ mol TE/100g Nuts and Seeds ( e.g walnuts, chia and BCS): 5,000-20,000 µ mol TE/100g

23. Nigella sativa also known as black cumin, nigella or  kalanji is an  annual   flowering plant  in the family  Ranunculaceae . In Nigeria, it grows around the middle belt region. N. sativa grows to 20–30 cm (7.9–11.8 in) tall, with finely divided, linear (but not thread-like) leaves. The flowers are delicate, and usually coloured pale blue and white, with five to ten petals. The fruit is a large and inflated capsule composed of three to seven united follicles, each containing numerous seeds which are used as spice,

24. BLACK CUMIN SEED

25. HOLY BIBLE.. God said, “Behold, I have given you every plant yielding seed that is on the surface of all the earth, and every tree which has fruit yielding seed; it shall be food for you ” .. Genesis 1:29 QURAN.. About Black Cumin Seed Abu Hurayrah ( ra ) narrates that the Prophet ( pbuh ) said” Black Cumin Seed is a remedy (cure) for every disease except death”.

26. BCS is traditionally referred to as … The miraculous plant  The herb from heaven  Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) described the black seed as a remedy for every illness except death.

27. Black cumin seed has a long history of therapeutic use of over 3000 years for preventing and treating many different diseases.  It has the ability to support the body in its own natural healing. Revered as a beauty secret of Queen Nefertiti, renowned for her complexion used BCS. BCS has preventive and restorative features as it stimulates the body’s energy and helps in recovery from fatigue and dispiritedness. It is able to achieve all this, through its potent antioxidant properties, thymoquinone being the most active constituent.

28. FREE RADICALS Free radicals are waste substances produced by cells as the body processes food and reacts to the environment also known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). They can cause illness if their levels become too high in your body including diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Factors that increase the production of free radicals in the body can be internal, such as inflammation, or external, for example, pollution, UV exposure, and cigarette smoke. ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTY

29. Antioxidants are substances that can prevent or slow damage to cells caused by free radicals, unstable molecules that the body produces as a reaction to environmental and other pressures. They are sometimes called “free-radical scavengers .” ORAC VALUE OF BCS: 12,384 µ mol TE/100g ( Thymoquinone . Nigellidine , Carvacrol & other phenolic compounds)

30. SOURCE.. Antioxidants are man-made or natural substances . Your body has its own antioxidant defences to keep free radicals in check . However, antioxidants are also found in food, especially in fruits, vegetables, seeds and other plant-based, whole foods. Several vitamins, such as vitamins E and C, are effective antioxidants.

31. Black cumin seed is known for its content of bioactive compounds (i.e., tocopherols, vitamins A and C, β-carotene, etc.). The seed biological activity has however, been associated with its thymoquinone content , the most active constituent.

32. THYMOQUINONE … discovered about 1960 GLUTATHIONE NIGELLONE … discovered in 1960 by an Egyptian chemist El- Dakhaknny FIXED OILS PROTEINS ALKALOIDS SAPONINS ESSENTIAL OILS AND MANY MORE

33. NIGELLA SATIVA-ACTIVE INGREDIENTS FIXED OILS ...oleic acid, palmitic acid & stearic acid. They don’t evaporate. E.g. coconut oil PROTEINS …amino acids…10 essential amino acids ALKALOIDS ...natural compounds that contain NITROGEN atoms. They act as reservoirs for protein synthesis. They act as stimulants or regulators in activities like growth and reproduction. SAPONINS …very useful in facial cleansing and cosmetic creams ESSENTIAL OILS .. energy booster, relieves stress, calms nerves, helps with focus and improves skin conditions.

34. Research has revealed numerous potential health benefits and powers of thymoquinone : Antioxidant Properties : TQ neutralizes free radicals, protecting against oxidative stress and cell damage. Anti-inflammatory effects : TQ reduces inflammation, which can help alleviate conditions like arthritis, asthma, and allergies. Anticancer properties : TQ has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth, induce apoptosis (cell death), and enhance chemotherapy’s effectiveness.

35. 4. Antimicrobial activity : TQ exhibits antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties, making it effective against various infections. 5 . Neuroprotective effects : TQ may help against neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s, and multiple sclerosis. 6. Cardiovascular Health : TQ may help lower cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure, reducing the risk of heart disease. 7. Immune System Support : TQ modulates the immune system, enhancing its response to infections and diseases

36. 8 . Gastrointestinal Health : TQ helps alleviate symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and other digestive issues . 9. Anti-diabetic effects : TQ has been shown to reduce blood sugar levels and improve insulin activity . 10. Wound Healing : TQ accelerates wound healing by increasing collagen synthesis, tissue strength, and oxidant defenses.

37. The possible anti-diabetic mechanism of BCS might be mediated via modulation of oxidative status (antioxidant property) and anti – inflammatory property….Ref . Nigella sativa L (Black Cumin): “A Promising Natural Remedy for Wide Range of Illnesses” – Yimer et al (2019) ( Published 12 th May, 2019)

38. PHYTOCHEMICALS CONSTITUENTS OF SEED NUTRITION: THEIR VALUES IN CVD FATTY ACIDS such as alpha linoleic acid is associated with moderately lower risk of CVD PROTEINS in nutritional seeds are associated with moderate reduction in CHD PHYTOSTEROLS : They interfere with cholesterol absorption in the intestinal lumen and thus possess cholesterol lowering properties MINERALS like magnesium, calcium and potassium in nutritional seeds generally leads to decreased risk of CVD TOCOPHEROL : They fight against reactive oxygen species by acting as a peroxyl radical scavenger in lipid environment preventing lipid peroxidation in lipoproteins and membranes, leading to lower CVD risks POLYPHENOLS : Being antioxidants helps to increase nitric oxide availability leading to a favourable vascular effects.

39. DIAGRAMATIC REPRESENTATION OF HOW SEEDS LOWERS CVD

40. Seeds contains bioactive polyphenols , water soluble pigments capable of quenching oxygen derived free radicals leading to radiation injury and oxidative stress reduction. Therefore, consumption of seed is beneficial for not only heart health, but for general well being. Consumption of large quantities of nutritional seeds had a lower prevalence of chronic cardiovascular disorder. Whole grains significantly reduced total and LDL cholesterol.

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