NUTRITION-UNIT -I.pptx

Nutrition unit 1

1. NUTRITION

2. UNIT- 1 INTRODUCTION

3. INTRODUCTION Your body needs energy to do work, and that energy comes from food Food provide something called nutrients to your body. Nutrients are substance that provide energy and materials for growth, repair and cell development. Nutrition is the provision of the materials necessary in the form of food to cells and organisms to support life Healthy diet prevents or alleviates(reduce) common health problem.

4. CON. Food also provide energy for performing activities of daily living and doing other work A poor diet may cause certain health problem such as kwashiorkor, marasmus, anaemia, blindness, scurvy, pellagra, rickets, osteoporosis etc.

5. CON.. Nutrition is the branch of science in which we study various nutrients and their effect on human body. Along with heredity, environment factors, life style, socio-economic status etc. Food is the basic necessity of life and life can not be sustained(continuous) without adequate nourishment. Food we eat is digested and assimilated (utilize as nourishment) in the body and essential for proper growth and development.

6. DEFINITION Nutrition is defined as the science of food and its relationship to health. It is food at work in the body It is concerned with the part played by nutrients in the body growth development and maintenance. NUTRITION:- The study of food

7. DEFINITION FOOD: - Any substance which contains nutrients NUTRIENT:- Any substance which can be digested and used by the body. proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and water OR Organic and inorganic substance which are found in the food we eat, are known as NUTRIENTS.

8. CON. They provide energy for doing daily work are helpful in proper growth and development and prevent various disease. Nutrients can classified into two parts:- Macro nutrients Micro nutrients

9. MACRO NUTRIENTS Macro nutrients are essential nutrients the body needs in large quantities to remain healthy. Macro nutrients provide the body with energy, help prevent disease and allow the body to function correctly. These are three main types: Carbohydrates Proteins Fats

10. MICRO NUTRIENTS Micro nutrients are the nutrients which are required in small amounts but their deficiency may cause various nutritional deficiency disease. Micro nutrients are also known as protective nutrients. Vitamins and minerals

11. FOOD HABITS AND CUSTOMS Different habits and customs are present in the people of different society, culture and religion. Even these may also be different in the different people of same religion, society and culture. Some of these food habits and customs are health promoting whereas some have adverse effects on health

12. CON.. Food habits are learned through everyday living and family relationships Food habits are primarily based on food availability, economics, personal food belief Cultural background and customs are largely determine what is eaten.

13. A) Health promoting food habits and customs To take all the nutrients in adequate amount as per body’s requirements Maintenance of adequate food hygiene EX. During cooking, serving, storage and eating. Avoid to take high fatty and spicy diet. To take fluids in adequate amount. To avoid intake of adulterated food.

14. CON.. To feed the infants breast milk exclusively up to age of six months. To give the new born colostrum (thick first milk in breast make while mother is pregnant and just after birth) essentially. To provide additional diet to a woman during pregnancy and lactation.

15. CON.. Do not purchase uncovered food items and cut and rotten fruits from the market. To consume seasonal fruits and vegetables in sufficient amount. To give therapeutic diet essentially to a patient as prescribed by dietitian. Fasting for 2-4 days in a month.

16. Food habits and customs having adverse effect on health To consume high fatty, oils and spicy food in excessive amount. Inadequate food hygiene during cooking ,serving, storage and eating. To purchase uncovered food items, and cut and rotten fruits from the market. Do not feed the new-born breast milk exclusively up to 6 months of age Do not feed the new born colostrum.

17. CON.. Do not give additional diet to a women during pregnancy and lactation. Consumption of costly and nutritious food substance first by the males of the family. In some part of the world eggs are thought to cause baldness or sterility and hence are not consumed by pregnant women.

18. CON… In our country it is believed that papaya may lead to abortion, so it is not given to a pregnant women. By different cultures in many countries of world, foods are classified as hot or cold. Meat. Eggs, oilseeds etc. are supposed to be hot foods and it is believed that the these produce more heat in the body. whereas fruits and vegetables are supposed to be cold fruits.

19. FACTORS AFFECTING NUTRITION Different persons have different nutritional needs. There are many factors which affect nutritional requirement of persons. Some of these are as follows- AGE SEX NATURE OF WORK INCOME

20. CON.. FOOD HABITS SPECIAL CONDITION SUCH AS SICKNESS, PRAGNANCY AND LACTATION

21. ROLE OF NUTRITION IN MAINTAINING HEALTH Nutrition is a basic element if health. Nutrition influence the health from birth to death. Nutrition is a critical part of health and development. Better nutrition is related to improved infant, child and maternal health, stronger immune systems, safer pregnancy and childbirth, lower risk of non-communicable diseases (such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease). Food and nutrition are regarded to render an important contribution in promoting health and well being.

22. CON … RESISTANCE TO INFECTION GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SPECIFIC DEFICIENCY MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY RATE

23. Con.. RESISTANCE TO INFECTION A well balanced nutrition prevents infection like tuberculosis, good nutrition enhances wound healing. improve resistance of an individual towards infections GROWTH AND DEVLOPMENT Good nutrition is essential for attainment of normal growth and development during fetal life and childhood Physical growth, intellectual development, learning and behaviour are affected by malnutrition.

24. CON .. Adequate nutrition is needed for adult life maintenance for optimum health and efficiency. Elder people needs special nutrition due to their physiological and chronological changes. Pregnant and lactating mothers require more proteins and nutrition to prevent abortion , growth retardation and low birth weight babies and provide adequate breast feeding for their babies.

25. CON SPECIFIC DEFICIENCY DISEASE The most common deficiencies find in Indians are protein energy malnutrition , blindness, goiter , anemia , beriberi rickets etc. There is increased incidence of abortion, still birth and low birth weight babies in malnourished mothers. Hence good nutrition is essential to prevent nutritional deficiency disease, promotion of health and treatment of deficiency disease.

26. Con.. MORTALITY AND MORBIDITY Malnutrition leads to increased death rate, infant mortality rate, still birth and premature deliveries. Prematurity is the major cause of death. Over nutrition causes like : obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular and renal disease and causes death.

27. MALNUTRITION Malnutrition is defined as imbalance between the body’s need and the intake of nutrients, which can lead to nutritional disorders. Malnutrition is the condition that develops when the body does not get up the right amount of the vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients it needs to maintain healthy tissues and organ function.

28. DEFINATION Malnutrition as “the cellular imbalance between the supply of nutrition and energy and the body’s demand for them to ensure growth, militance, and specific functions” - WHO Under nutrition is the deficiency of calories and one or more essential nutrition. Over nutrition is a form of malnutrition(imbalanced nutrition) arising from excessive intake of nutrients, leading to accumulation of body fat that impairs health.

29. KWASHIORKOR

30. MARASMUS