Nutritional anemia

NUTRIIONAL ANEMIA is the most common nutritional disorder caused by lack of Iron, protein, vitamin B12, folic acid deficiency that are essential for hemoglobin formation. Discuss in comment section what can be the following measures to prevent anemia. #Reviews
The factors leading to anemia- Demographic factor, dietary factor, social, physical factor and pregnancy related anemia has been explained in this slide.

1. NUTRITIONAL ANEMIA MADE BY ARMY COLLEGE STUDENTS FOR MORE VISIT – www.moashassamosa.in

2. INTRODUCTION Nutritional anemia is a disease syndrome caused by malnutrition in its widest sense. Nutritional anemia is caused by lack of iron, protein, B12, and other vitamins and minerals that needed for the formation of hemoglobin. Folic acid deficiency is a common association of nutritional anemia and iron deficiency anemia. Folic acid deficiency is less widespread and is often observed with iron deficiency.

3. The term ‘nutritional anemia’ encompasses all pathological conditions in which the blood hemoglobin concentration drops to an abnormally low level, due to deficiency in one or several nutrients. In public health term, iron deficiency is far the first cause of nutritional anemia worldwide. Anemia is established if the hemoglobin is below the cut off points recommended by WHO.

4. DEFINITION According to WHO nutritional anemia is defined as ‘ A condition in which the hemoglobin content of blood is lower than normal as a result of a deficiency of one or more essential nutrients , regardless of the cause of such deficiency.’

5. THE PROBLEM WORLD Highest prevalence is in developing countries. Its especially among women of child bearing age, young children and during pregnancy and lactation. A percentage of women of child bearing age estimated between 4 –12 percent suffers from anemia.

6. INDIA

7. CLASSIFICATION OF ANEMIA Classification on the basis of mild , moderate and severe grading of anemia. WHO GRADING OF ANEMIA Mild 10gm/dl Moderate 7-10 gm/dl Severe <7gm/dl

8. ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY : WHO Mild anemia 9-10.9 gm/dl Moderate anemia 7-8.9gm/dl Severe anemia 4-6.9gm/dl Very severe anemia <4gm/dl

9. DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS The detrimental effects of anemia can be seen in three important areas: a ) PREGNANCY Anemia increases the risk of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. In India, 19 percent of maternal death were found to be due to anemia. Abortion, premature births, postpartum hemorrhage and low birth weight were associated with low hemoglobin levels in pregnancy.

10. INFECTION Anemia can be caused or aggravated by parasitic disease, e.g , malaria, intestinal parasites. Iron deficiency may immune functions and increases susceptibility to infection.

11. WORK CAPACITY Anemia (even when mild) causes a significant impairment of maximal work capacity. The more severe the anemia , the greater the reduction in work performance and thereby productivity.

12. NATIONAL NUTRITIONAL ANEMIA PROPHYLAXIS PROGRAM Nutritional anemia is a major public health problem in India. The NNAPP was started in 1970. Anemia affect women in the reproductive age group and young children. Over 50% of pregnant women suffers from anemia. Nutritional anemia, due to iron and folic acid deficiency is directly or indirectly responsibility for about 20% of maternal deaths.

13. Anemia is also a major contributory cause of high incidence of premature births, low births weight and perinatal mortality. Presently 22 million adult and 30 million child beneficiaries are being covered under the programme.

14. OBJECTIVE The programme aims at significantly decreasing the prevalence and incidence of anemia in women in reproductive age group, especially pregnant and lactating women and preschool children.

15. ACTIVITIES Promotion of regular consumption of foods rich in iron. Supply of iron and folate supplements in the form of tablets to the target group. Identification and treatment of severly anemic cases. The recommended daily dosage of iron and folic acid tablets is as follows:

16. Adult women : 60 mg elemental iron + 0.5 mg folic acid. Children (1-5 years) : 20 mg elemental iron + 0.1 folic acid.

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