Nutritional Assessment

Nutrition course for nursing students

1. NUTRITION (2)

2. Nutritional Assessment: is the analysis of anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and dietary data to determine the nutritional status of a person or groups.

3. Purpose of Nutrition Assessment: - To assess the nutritional status. - To determine the body needs from nutrition.

4. - To identify the health problems that associated with nutrition status. - Identifying individuals who are malnourished or at nutritional risk.

5. Nutritional Assessment contents of the following:- a- D ietary h istory b- Physical examination c- Laboratory investigation

6. a- Dietary History and Intake - Appetite and intake - Taste changes - Dentition - Dysphagia

7. - Feeding independence - Vitamin/mineral supplements - Nausea and vomiting - Swallowing ability

8. - Eating patterns - Diet restrictions - Ethnicity - Eating away from home

9. b- Physical examination 1) Anthropometric measurement: - Height - Weight - Weight changes - Head, chest, and abdominal circumference (children)

10. - Body Mass Index = BMI: Evaluation of body weight independent of height BMI = weight (kg)/height2 (m) - Underweight = <18.5 - Normal weight = 18.5–24.9 - Overweight = 25–29.9 - Obesity = BMI of 30 or greater

11. - Upper arm measurement - Skin fold - Fat folds and various body circumferences and areas

12. 2) Clinical Examination: Clinical signs - blue half circles beneath eyes - Edema - Lesions at corner of mouth

13. - Poorly shaped bones or teeth, or delayed appearance of teeth in children - Slow clotting time of blood - Unusual nervousness, dermatitis, diarrhea in same client - Tetany - Goiter

14. c- Laboratory investigation

15. Common Biochemical Tests: - Serum albumin level: Measures main protein in blood - Hemoglobin ( Hgb ) - Red blood cells (RBCs) - White blood cells (WBCs)

16. 1) Albumin - Normal value 3.5-5.0 g/DL - Most widely used indicator of nutritional status - Affected by volume: Increases with dehydration, decreases with edema and over hydration

17. 2) Prealbumin - Normal value: 18-40 mg/DL - Levels affected by trauma, acute infections, liver and kidney disease; highly sensitive to minor stress and inflammation

18. 3) Hemoglobin Normal levels are: - Men: 13.8 to 18.0 g/ dL - Women: 12.1 to 15.1 g/ dL ) - Children: 11 to 16 g/ dL - Pregnant women: 11 to 14 g/ dL - Dehydration or hyper hydration influence hemoglobin levels

19. Comparison between people of good nutrition and malnutrition:- Example: Good Nutrition = A Mal Nutrition = B A = Correct weight for height and age B = Weight too much or too little

20. A = Strong Muscles. B = Weak muscles. A = Limbs straight. B = Weak limbs.

21. A = Smooth mucous membranes , clear skin B = Skin dry and rough mucous membranes A = Healthy bright eyes and clear sight (Visual) B = Eyes dull, night blindness poor Sight or loss of sight.

22. A= Hearing good. B = Poor hearing. A = Breathing unobstructed. B = Mouth breathing. A = Teeth well formed, and free from dental caries B = Irregular teeth, dental caries; spongy gums.

23. A = Tonsil clean and small Tonsils B = Enlarged tonsil and often sore. A = Straight posture in sitting, standing and walking. B = Round shouldered, twisted spine and protruding abdomen.

24. A = Nerves steady; expression calm and cheerful, quick to learn B = Nervous, anxious, irritable and slow to learn.

25. A = Plenty of energy B = Tired and lethargic. A = Good resistance to infections B = Poor resistance to infections.

26. Thank