nutritional deficiency diseases.pptx....

nutritional deficiency diseases

1. Nutritional deficienc y di seases Lecture 1

2. Balanced diet is the diet, which contains adequate amount of all the necessary nutrients required for healthy growth and activity. Deficiency of any one of the essential nutrients in our diet is called nutritional deficiency that results in nutritional deficiency diseases.

3. Abnormal nutrition Mal-nutrition: PEM Vitamins deficiency Over nutrition: Obesity.

4. Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) Clini c al c onditi o n s th a t r e sult s f r o m v a r yi n g degrees of protein and or energy deficiency . I t occu r s i n i n f a n ts a n d y oun g c h il d r en a n d is associated with infection.

5. Classifications Depends on : Weight for age Presence or absence of edema Weight for age 60-80% of expected Weight for age < 60 % of expected Presence of edema Kwashiorkor (Sever PEM) Marasmic kwashiorkor (Sever PEM) Absence of edema Underweight (mild PEM) Marasmus (Sever PEM)

6. Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) Kwashiorkor Ma r a s mus

7. Kwashiorkor State of abnormal nutrition or malnutrition Children after weaning (Between 1-3 yrs old) Etiology: Very low protein but with calories from CHO Starchy foods Maternal deprivation: the birth of another infant deprives the child from breastfeeding this causes psycholigical trauma.

8. Characteristic features(constant) Hypo-albuminemia & Edema Plasma albumin is below 2.5 g /dL. Mental Retardation Growth Retardation : 60-80% of the expected weight Muscle wasting

9. Characteristic features(variable) The immune system is impaired . Individuals are very susceptible to infections. Swollen abdomen and swollen face Gastrointestinal manifestations (Anorexia& diarrhea). Hair changes Anemia (due to low hemoglobin and transferrin) Dermatitis causes skin cracks Fatty liver & Hepatomegaly

10. T r e a tme n t Dietary management: Increase protein intake. S up p l e m e n t d ie t w ith e x t r a v i t ami n s e s peciall y vit- A and zinc. Treat infection.

11. Marasmus It is a calorie-deficient malnutrition Under-nutrition Common in the 1 st year of life Etiology: “Generalized starvation” Insufficient breast milk Dilute milk mixture.

12. Characteristic features Growth Retardation Less than 60% of the expected weight Loss of subcutaneous fat MUSCLE WASTING low insulin and high cortisol greatly favors the catabolism of muscle Wrinkled skin

13. Characteristic features Mental Retardation Hypothermia Hypoglycemia Gastroenteritis (diarrhea and vomiting). Infection Anemia

14. T r e a tme n t Correct the cause. Treat infection. Provide nutrition rich in essential nutrients. Give the baby fluids and electrolytes.

15. Differences between kwashiorkor and marasmus

16. Kwashiorkor Marasmus Blood Glucose Maintained low CBC Anemia & Infection Anemia & Infection Serum proteins Markedly Not markedly