Nutritional problem in india shivashankar

public health nutritional problems include low birth weight, anemia, fluorosis, etc

1. Public Health Nutritional Problem affecting Indian population . Step by Step procedure for conducting nutritional guidance K. Shivashankar, 2 nd year P.G. Dept. of Public Health Dentistry Saveetha dental college

2. introduction COMMUNICABLE DISEASE PROBLEM POPULATION PROBLEM ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PROBLEM MEDICAL CARE PROBLEM NUTRITIONAL PROBLEM

3. Nutritional problems UNDER NUTRITION (MALNUTRITION) OVERNUTRITION

4. Factors contributing to nutritional problems a ) Socio-economic factors b) Food considerations c) Aspects of health d) Demographic issues

5. Conceptual Framework for the Causes of Malnutrition in Society

6. INDICATORS OF NUTRITIONAL HEALTH Three standard indices of physical growth that describe the nutritional status of children Height-for-age (stunting) Weight-for-height (wasting) Weight-for-age ( underweight) Two indicators of nutritional status are presented for adults Height Body mass index (BMI).

7. Nutritional problems in India Low birth weight Protein Energy Malnutrition Xerophthalmia Keratomalcia Nutritional anaemia Lathyrism Endemic goiter (Iodine deficiency disorders ) Endemic fluorosis Obesity and overweight Cardio Vascular Diseases

8. Low birth weight About 28 % of babies born in India are LBW as compared to 4 percent in some developed countries. Every year children die in India-2.5 million Maternal mortality in India is one of the highest in the world, with 540 deaths per 100,000 live births .

9. Causes of low birth weight Maternal malnutrition and nutritional anaemia . Hard physical labour and illness (infections ) during pregnancy. Short maternal stature, very young age pregnancy. Smoking.

10. Protein Energy Malnutrition

11. Classification of PEM WEIGHT FOR AGE CLASSIFICATIONS HEIGHT FOR AGE CLASSIFICATION WEIGHT FOR HEIGHT CLASSIFICATION

12. Vitamin a deficiency Xeropthalmia Keratomalcia

13.   Nutritional Anemia WHO standard – Hb level estimation Adult male – 13 gm % Adult Female non pregnant- 12gm% Pregnant woman- 11gm% Children < 6 years- 11gm% Children 6-14 years- 12gm%

14.   Nutritional Anemia

15. treatment Dose : Each Tab contains 80 mg of elemental iron ( 200mgFe sulphate ) and 0.5mg of Folic acid Duration : 2-3 months Hb returns to normal. Follow up : estimate Hb after 3 months Refer to Hospital if Hb <10gm% Children : If anemia , supplement 20mg of elemental iron ( 100mg Fe Sulphate ) Iron Fortification : simple addition of ferric orthophosphate or ferrous sulphate with sodium bisulphate to fortify salt with iron .

16. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD ):

17. Endemic fluorosis

18. Endemic fluorosis

19. Lathyrism

20. OBESITY

21. Obesity - When the body weight is 20% more than the desirable weight. Over weight - When the body weight is between 10-20% more than the desirable weight

22. CARDIO VASCULAR DISEASES Classified as one of the Food habit related Illness Change in food habits and lifestyle has increased the risk of CVD in Indian population mostly in Middle Class and upper middle class groups.

23. PREVENTION OF MALNUTRITION ACTION AT FAMILY LEVEL Nutrition education on a)Selection of right kind of local foods b)Planning of nutritionally adequate diets c)Promotion of breast feeding and adequate infant & child feeding.

24. ACTION AT COMMUNITY LEVEL : People's participation is essential . Empowerment and participation of women are particularly important

25. ACTION AT NATIONAL LEVEL Rural development Increase agricultural production, distribution and storage Stabilization of population Nutrition related health services

26. ACTION AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL World Food Program ,1963 providing enough safe food to those in need In September 2000, the United Nations Millennium Declaration was endorsed by 190 countries and was translated into eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to be achieved by 2015.

27. GUIDELINES FOR COUNSELING a ) Gather information Interviewing- Purpose of an interview is to obtain information and to give help. Basic goal in interviewing is to understand The problem The factor that contribute to it The personality of the patient Patient selection Diet history Diet diary b ) Evaluation and interpretation Adequacy of intake of food The amount and type of food

28. GUIDELINES FOR COUNSELING c)Develop and implement plan of action d)Seek active participation of family e)Follow-up the progress and assessment made f)Computer diet analysis:

29. NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT Clinical examination Anthropometry Bio chemical evaluation Functional assessment Assessment of dietary intake Vital health statistics Ecological studies

30. COMMUNITY NUTRITION PROGRAMMES INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICE (ICDS) SCHEME   VITAMIN A PROPHYLAXIS PROGRAMME(1970 ) PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST NUTRITIONAL ANAEMIA SCHEME FOR ADOLESCENT GIRLS ( KISHORI SHAKTI YOJNA ) IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDER PROGRAMME (1962) MID-DAY MEAL PROGRAMME (1961)

31. COMMUNITY NUTRITION PROGRAMMES BALWADI NUTRITION PROGRAMME NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR NUTRITION SUPPORT TO PRIMARY EDUCATION AKSHAYA PATRA AND PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION IN MID-DAY MEALS EMERGENCY FEEDING PROGRAMME 2001 VILLAGE GRAIN BANKS SCHEME WHEAT BASED NUTRITION PROGRAMME (WBNP)

32. COMMUNITY NUTRITION PROGRAMMES SC/ST/OBC HOSTELS SAMPOORNA GRAMIN ROZGAR YOJANA NATIONAL FOOD FOR WORK PROGRAMME GRAIN BANK SCHEME PULSE MISSION National Rural Health Mission 2005-2012

33. CONCLUSION