Nutritional problems

it includes nutritional problems in India and how it will prevent in future...

1. NUTRITIONAL PROBLEMS Presentation by :- Ms.Chandani S. Modi F. Y. M.Sc. Nursing, C.M.P.C.O.N., Gandhinagar .

2. Introduction Nutrition is the selection of foods and preparation of foods and their ingestion to be assimilated by the body. By the practicing a healthy diet, many of the known health issues can be avoided.

3. Definition A nutritional deficiency occurs when the body doesn’t absorb or get from food the necessary amount of a nutrient. Deficiencies can lead to a variety of health problems. These can include digestion problems, skin disorders, stunted or defective bone growth and even dementia.

4. 1. Undernutrition :

5. Definition: It is defined as a pathological state resulting from an absolute or relative deficiency of one or more essential nutrients. It includes: PEM LBW Nutritional anemia Lathyrism Endemic goiter Endemic flurosis Xerophthalmia Keratomalcia

6. PEM: It refers to a form of malnutrition where there is inadequate protein and calorie intake. It is considered as the primarily nutritional problem in India. Causes: Childhood morbidity and mortality Conditions/diseases Kwashiorkor Marasmus Marasmic -kwashiorkor

7. Contributory factors: Inadequate intake of food Diarrhea Respiratory infections Measles Poor envt . Hygiene Large family size Poor maternal health Failure of lactation Premature termination of breast feeding Delayed supplementary feeding Use of over diluted cow’s milk

8. KWASHIORKOR :- Kwashiorkor is the most common and widespread nutritional disorder in developing countries. It is a form of malnutrition caused by not getting enough protein in the diet. MARASMUS :- Marasmus is a severe form of malnutrition that consist of the chronic wasting away of fat, muscle and their tissues in the body.

9. Malnutrition occurs when the body does not get enough protein and calories. This lack of nutrition can range from a shortage of certain vitamins to complete starvation.

10. Prevention: Oral rehydration therapy helps to prevent dehydration caused by diarrhea. Exclusive breast feeding for 6 months thereafter supplementary foods may be introduced along with breast feeds. Immunization for infants and children Nutrition supplements Early diagnosis and treatment Promotion and correction of feeding practise Family planning and spacing of birth

11. b) LBW: Definition: A LBW newborn is any newborn with a birth weight of less than 2.5kg (including 2.499kg) regardless of gestational age. Risk factors: Illness/infection Short maternal stature & Close birth intervals Very young age High Parity IUGR

12. Prevention: Identification of mothers risk – malnutrition, heavy work load, infections, disease and high BP Increasing food intake of mother, supplementary feeding, distribution of iron and folic acid tablets Avoidance id smoking Improved sanitation methods Improving health and nutrition of young girls Controlling infections – UTI, rubella, syphilis, malaria

13. c) Vitamin A deficiency: Hypovitaminosis A is a lack of vitamin A in blood and tissues. It is common in poorer countries but rarely seen in more developed countries. Nyctalopia (Night blindness) is one of the first sign of VAD.

14. Clinical features: Reduced vision in the night or dim light Dry eyes which could also lead to Xerophthelmia Corneal inflammation The child or adult may experience susceptibility towards respiratory infection and urinary infections Growth can be halted in children Skin might also show signs of vitamin A deficiency. For example , it may get rough or dry

15. Prevention: Administering large doses of Vitamin A orally on a pediatric basis Regular and adequate intake of vitamin A Fortification of certain food with vitamin A – sugar, salt, tea and skimmed milk

16. d) Nutritional Anemia: Definition: Nutritional anemia is a condition where the hemoglobin content of blood is lower than normal as a result of a deficiency or one or more essential nutrients, regardless of the cause of such deficiency. Risk factors: Inadequate diet Insufficient intake of iron Iron malabsorption

17. Pregnancy Excessive menstrual bleeding Hook worm infection Malaria Close birth intervals GI bleed Infants and children Pregnant women Pre menopausal women

18. Prevention: Estimation of HB to assess degree of anemia Blood transfusion in severe case of anemia (<8g/dl) Iron and folic acid supplements Food fortification with iron Changing dietary habits Control of parasites Nutritional education and awareness

19. e) Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD): IDD leads to a much wider spectrum of disorder commencing with the intrauterine life and extending through childhood to adult life with serious health and social implication. Disorders: Goiter Hypothyroidism Mental retardation

20. f) Eating disorders: Anorexia Nervosa:

21. Bulimia Nervosa:

22. 2. Over Nutrition : It is defined as a pathological state resulting from an absolute or relative excess of one or more essential nutrients. Obesity: It is an epidemic disease, which consists of body weight that is in excess of that appropriate for a person’s height and age standardized to account for differences, leading to an increased risk to health related problems.

23. A person with BMI of 30 or more is generally considered obese. A person with a BMI equal to or more than 25 is considered overweight.

24. Assignment How can we solve the Nutritional Problems???