Nutritional problems and programmes in india

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1. Nutritional problems and programmes in india Presented by, Koyena Sarkar BHA 1 st year PCHA

2. contents 1. Nutritional problems in India 2. National Nutritional Programmes 3.National nutritional policy 3. National Nutritional Monitoring Bureau

3. Objectives 1. List out the causes of nutritional problems 2. Understand the nutritional problems in India 3. Know about the National Nutritional Programmes in India 4. Gain knowledge about the national nutritional policy

4. introduction India has the second most populous country in the World next to China. Among its population majority of the people belongs to rural community and they are from low socio-economic status, illiteracy and lack of basic human needs. From the nutritional point of view majority are undernourished and only a small group are well fed. The high income groups are suffering from the diseases of over nourishment .

5. The specific causes for nutritional deficiency disorders are 1. Low socio economic status 2. Illiteracy 3. Lack of awareness regarding nutrients and their requirement 4. Over population 5. Decreased food production 6. Lack of health care facilities 7. Large families 8. Cultural influences

6. 9. Infections 10. Over nourishment among the group of high socio economic status 11. Superstitious beliefs, misconceptions 12.Limited availability/ inadequacy of food product 13.Dietary practices

7. Major nutritional problem in india Nutritional deficiency is any deficiency of the nutrients that are required to sustain human life. - Nutritional deficiencies occur when a persons nutrient intake consistently falls below the recommended requirement. - Children between 10-19 years of age face serious nutritional deficiencies worldwide, according to the World Health Organization .

8. Major nutritional problems in india are 1. Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) 2. Nutritional anaemia 3. Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD) 4. Vitamine -A deficiency 5. Low birth weight 6. Endemic fluorosis 7. Lathyrism 8. Market Distortion 9. Cardio Vascular Diseases 10. Cancer

9. 1. Protein energy malnutrition Malnutrition is a significant loss of lean tissue or inadequate diet for a prolonged period in the setting of severe stress. It is a significant component of many diseases. Malnutrition is more common in India. One in every three malnourished children in the world lives in India. Malnutrition limits development and the capacity to learn. It also costs lives: about 50 percent of all childhood deaths are attributed to malnutrition.

10. In India, around 46 percent of all children below the age of three are too small for their age, 47 percent are underweight and at least 16 percent are wasted. Many of these children are severely malnourished. The prevalence of malnutrition varies across states, with Madhya Pradesh recording the highest rate (55 per cent) and Kerala among the lowest (27 per cent).

11. 2. anaemia Every age group is vulnerable to iron-deficiency anaemia . In children, anaemia can causes a 5-10 point deficiency in IQ and hamper growth and language development. In adolescents, it leads to a fall in academic performance with a dip in memory and concentration levels. It can also lead to physical exhaustion and susceptibility to infection. Available studies on prevalence of nutritional anemia in India show that 65% infant and toddlers, 60% 1-6 years of age , 88% adolescent girls (3.3% has hemoglobin <7 gm./dl; severe anemia) and 85% pregnant women (9.9% having severe anemia.

12. The prevalence of anemia was maeginally higher in lactating women as compared to pregnancy. The commonest is iron deficiency anemia. The current situation in India is: One in every two Indian women (56%) suffers from some form of anaemia . 4 out of every 5 children in the age of 6-35 months suffer from anaemia 20% of the maternal deaths are due to anaemia and anaemia indirectly contributes to another 40% of maternal deaths Maternal mortality staggeringly high at 454 per every 1,00,000 live births Results not commensurate with the 30 years of efforts by the Indian government.

13. 3. Vitamin ‘a’ deficiency Vitamin A is necessary for good eyesight. In children, Vitamin A deficiency causes loss of eyesight. If this deficiency is very severe, it may lead to permanent blindness. In our country every year 30,000 children lose eye sight due to Vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A deficiency symptoms are seen more severely in children of age group 1 to 5 years. It is estimated that there are 12.5 million economically blind persons in India. Of these over 80 per cent of blindness is due to cataract.

14. 4. Iodine deficiency disorders Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) has been recognized as a public health problem in India since mid-twenties. IDD is not only a problem in sub-Himalayan region but also in reverine and costal areas. According to Union Ministry of Health it is estimated that 71 million populations are suffering from endemic goiter and about 8.8 million people have mental / motor handicap due to iodine deficiency. Statistics furnished by the ministry of health and family welfare in its report tabulated during 2011 revealed that 1.3 crore people in UP alone were suffering from IDD. The figures of Madhya pradesh and Bihar stood at 0.82 crore and 0.62 crore respectively. The spread of IDD is far and wide with poverty being a key driver.

15. 5.Low birth weight More than 20 million infants are born each year weighing less than 2,500 grams (5.5 pounds), accounting for 17 per cent of all births in the developing world – a rate more than double the level in industrialized countries (7 per cent). Infants with low birth weight are at higher risk of dying their early months and years. Those who survive are liable to have an impaired immune system and may suffer a higher incidence of such chronic illnesses as diabetes and heart disease in later life.

16. 6.Fluorosis Fluorosis is a disease caused due to excessive ingestion of fluoride. Fluorosis are compounds of fluorine. Flurine is the 13 th most abundant element available in the earth crust. As the surface water passes through the fluoride rich rocks it carries fluoride with it, hence most of the fluoride is founding in ground water than surface water. Permissible limit of fluoride: WHO is only 1.0 mg/L as a safe limit for human consumption whereas several districts of Rajasthan India are consuming water with fluoride concentrations of up to 24-44 mg/L.

17. In India, the problem has reached alarming proportions affecting at least 17 states of India. Out of those 5 are hyper endemic, where 50-100% districts are affected viz. Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan. In Rajasthan the Banka Patti area has been identified in Nagaur District.

18. 7.Lathyrism Lathyrism disease occurs by consuming large quantities of Lathyrus sativus ( Kesari dhal) Lathyrism in human is referred as Neurolathyrism . The disease presents as Crippling disease of nervous system characterized by gradually developing spastic paralysis of lower limbs. It contains a toxin called Beta oxalyl amino Alanine (BOAA) Lathyrus Kesari Dhal is good source of protein. It is relatively cheaper.

19. For example, many governments subsidize farming activities, which makes farming economically feasible for many farmers. The subsidies paid to farmers create artificially high supply levels, which will eventually lead to price declines if the goods are not subsequently purchased by the government or sold to another nation. Although this type of intervention is not economically efficient, it does help ensure that a nation will have enough food to eat.

20. 8.Market distortion An economic economic scenario that occurs when there is an intervention in a given market by a governing body. The intervention may take the form of price ceilings, price floors or tax subsides. Market distortions create market failures, which is not an economically ideal situation. There is a tradeoff that regulators must make when deciding to intervene in any given marketplace. Although the intervention will create market failures, it is also intended to enhance a society’s welfare.

21. For example, many governments subsidize farming activities, which makes farming economically feasible for many farmers. The subsidies paid to farmers create artificially high supply levels, which will eventually lead to price declines if the goods are not subsequently purchased by the government or sold to another nation. Although this type of intervention is not economically efficient, it does help ensure that a nation will have enough food to eat.

22. 9.obesity It the most Prevalent from of malnutrition. Abnormal growth of adipose tissue due to enlargement of fat cells (hypertrophic), Increase in no. of fat cells (hyperplasic) or Combinition of both. India is now in the grip of obesity epidemics and the trend needs to be immediately arrested by taxing junk food, restricting food labelling clearer etc. Currently, almost 1 in 5 men and over 1 in 6 women are overweight. In some urban areas, the rates are as high as 40%.

23. 10.Cardio vascular disease Cardio Vascular diseases classified as one of the Food habit related illness. Change in food habits and lifestyle has increased the risk of CVD in Indian population mostly in Middle Class and upper middle class groups. The World Health Organisation (WHO) and reports published in medical journals like Lancet and Indian Heart Journal, suggest that by 2010 there would be close to 100 million cardiac patients in India. It is 30 million now. WHO has also estimated that by 2010, India will have 60% of world’s cardiac patients, and in another five years it is likely to become the world capital for heart ailment.

24. On an average, about 2 million patients in India currently undergo cardio-vascular surgical procedure every year. “Unless we are able to predict and detect cardiac disease in high-risk patients, the situation will only aggravate,” warns Dr. Rabin Chakraborty, chief of cardiology, Apollo Gleneagles Hospital. While 4% of the Indian population suffered from heart diseases in 1980, it rose to 10% in 2003. Deaths due to heart ailments also increased from 14 deaths per one lakh people in 1985 to 260 deaths per one lakh people in 2003.

25. 11.cancer Recent times have seen an increase in the incidence of cancer. This is mainly attributed to urbanization, industrialization, lifestyle changes, population growth and increased life span (in turn leading to an increase in the elderly population). In India, the life expectancy at birth has steadily risen from 45 years in 1971 to 62 years in 1991, indicating a shift in the demographic profile. It is estimated that life expectancy of the Indian population will increase to 70 years by 2021-25. This has caused a paradigm shift in the disease pattern from communicable diseases like cancer, diabetes and hypertension.

26. Cancer prevalence in India is estimated to be around 2.5 million, with over 8,00,000 new cases and 5,50,000 deaths occurring each year due to this disease. More than 70% of the case report for diagonostic and treatment services in the advanced stages of the disease, which has lead to a poor survival and high mortality rate. 80% of cancer occurs due to environmental factors Dietary fat- positive correlation with Colon cancer is inversely related Micro nutrients- Lack of Vitamin C & Vitamin A Arise the rik of stomach cancer and lung cancer. Aflatoxin associated with bladder cancer Alcohol- liver cancer, Rectal Cancer etc.