Nutritional supplements and nutraceuticals

nutraceuticals are substances provides distinct health and medicinal benifits, classification prebiotics.......lycopene.........................................

1. *
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NUTRACEUTICALS


lal preethi s.s
s3 biochemistry
Dept of biochemistry
University of kerala

2. *75% of Indians below 40 are stressed
*35% -prone to diseases
Lifestyle habits Lifestyle habits are changing,
common lifestyle diseases are sleeping disorders ,stroke sleeping disorders ,stroke
heart attack,cancers e.t.c heart attack,cancers e.t.c
NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS - provid a well rounded
health and fitness.

Times are changing…..

3. *Greek Physician Hippocrates,
Known as father of Medicine.
(said several centuries ago)
“Let Food be Your Medicine”
The Philosophy behind is:
“Focus on Prevention”

4. Nutraceutical can be defined as
The term “Nutraceutical” was coined from
“Nutrition” & “Pharmaceutical” in 1989 by Stephen
DeFelice,MD, Founder and Chairman of the Foundation for
Innovation in Medicine (FIM).

“ A food or part of food or nutrient, that A food or part of food or nutrient, that
provides health benefits, including the provides health benefits, including the
prevention and treatment of a diseaseprevention and treatment of a disease.” .”

5. Broadly can be defined as:
*Nutrients: Substances which have established
Nutritional functions e.g. Vitamins, Minerals, Amino
Acids, Fatty acids, etc.
*Herbals/ Phytochemicals: Herbs or Botanical products
*Dietary Supplements: Probiotics, Prebiotics, Antioxidants,
Enzymes, etc.

7. Classification based on the chemical
groups

8. plant Tomato,garlic,momordica
animal Shark liver oil,codeliver oil
minerals Calcium ,magnesium,phosphorous
microorganismBifidobacterium,Lactobacilli

9. condition Nutraceuticals
Allergy relief Ginkgo biloba
Arthritis support glucosamine
Cancer prevention Flax seeds ,green tea
Cholesterol lowering garlic
Digestive support Digestive enzymes
Diabetic support Garlic,monordica
Female hormone supportBlack cohosh
immunomodulator ginseng
Prostate support Tomato lycopenes

10. * Calcium.Calcium.
* MagnesiumMagnesium
* ManganeseManganese
* BoronBoron
* Copper Copper
* ZincZinc
* PhosphorusPhosphorus

11. CalciumCalcium: essential for bone and teeth, maintaining bone : essential for bone and teeth, maintaining bone
strength, nerve, muscle and glandular function, blood strength, nerve, muscle and glandular function, blood
clotting,clotting,

IronIron: energy production, Hb, oxygen transport.: energy production, Hb, oxygen transport.
 MagnesiumMagnesium: for healthy nerve and muscle function, bone : for healthy nerve and muscle function, bone
formation, formation,
PhosphorousPhosphorous: energy production, phosphorylation : energy production, phosphorylation
process, bone and teeth, for genetic material, process, bone and teeth, for genetic material,
Inorganic mineral supplements

12. Cobalt: component of Vit. B 12 and B 12
coenzymes,
Copper: Hb and collagen production, function of
heart, energy production, absorption of Iron,
Iodine: proper function of Thyroid gland,
Chromium: with insulin it helps in conversion of
carbohydrate and fat into energy, treatment of
diabetes,

13. SeleniumSelenium: Antioxidant, functioning of heart muscle, : Antioxidant, functioning of heart muscle,
part of GPX enzyme, part of GPX enzyme,
ZincZinc: Essential for cell reproduction, for : Essential for cell reproduction, for
development in Neonates, wound healing, development in Neonates, wound healing,
production of sperm and testosterone hormone, production of sperm and testosterone hormone,

15. Vitamins
Fat Soluble Vitamins
Vitamin A: Acts as antioxidant, essential for growth and
development, maintains healthy vision, skin and mucous
membranes, may aid in the prevention and treatment of certain
cancers and in the treatment of certain skin disorders.
 Vitamin D: Essential for formation of bones and teeth, helps the
body to absorb and use calcium.
Vitamin E: Antioxidant, helps to form blood cells, boosts immune
system
Vitamin K: Essential for blood clotting

17. Vitamin CVitamin C: Antioxidant, necessary for healthy bones, gums, : Antioxidant, necessary for healthy bones, gums,
teeth and skin. Helps in wound healing, prevent from teeth and skin. Helps in wound healing, prevent from
common coldcommon cold
Vitamin B 1Vitamin B 1: Helps in carbohydrate metabolism, essential for : Helps in carbohydrate metabolism, essential for
neurological function. neurological function.
Vitamin B 2Vitamin B 2: Energy metabolism, maintain healthy eye, skin : Energy metabolism, maintain healthy eye, skin
and nerve function. and nerve function.
Vitamin B 3Vitamin B 3: Energy metabolism, brain function: Energy metabolism, brain function
Vitamin B 6Vitamin B 6: Helps to produce essential proteins, convert : Helps to produce essential proteins, convert
proteins to energyproteins to energy
Vitamin B 12Vitamin B 12: Help in producing genetic material, formation of : Help in producing genetic material, formation of
RBC, maintenance of CNS, synthesis of amino acids, RBC, maintenance of CNS, synthesis of amino acids,
involved in metabolism of protein, fat and carbohydrate. involved in metabolism of protein, fat and carbohydrate.

18. Folic acid: Helps in RBC formation, formation of
genetic material of cell, very much essential during
pregnancy
Pantothenic acid: Aids in synthesis of cholesterol,
steroids, and fatty acids, crucial for intraneuronal
synthesis of acetylcholine.

19. Live microorganisms which, when administered
in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on
the host
 Species of Lactobacillus
 Bifidobacterium
 yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
 some E. coli and Bacillus species are also used as
probiotics
probitics

20. Shorten
Duration of
Intestinal
Infections
Treat Diarrhea
Improve
Symptoms of
Irritable Bowel
Syndrome
Reduce Bladder
and Urinary
Tract Infections
Manage
Lactose
Intolerance
Potential
Benefits of
Probiotics

21. Nondigestible substances that provide a
beneficial physiological effect for the host by
selectively stimulating the favorable growth of
a limited number of indigenous bacteria.
Commonly known prebiotics are:
 Oligofructose .Oligofructose .
 InulinInulin
Galacto-oligosaccharidesGalacto-oligosaccharides
Lactulose Lactulose
prebiotics

23. Phytochemicals could provide health benefits as;

•Substrate for biochemical reactions
•Cofactors of enzymatic reactions
•Inhibitors of enzymatic reactions
•Absorbents that bind to & eliminate undesirable
constituent in the intestine
•Scavengers of reactive or toxic chemicals
•Enhance the absorption and / or stability of essential
nutrients
•Selective growth factor for beneficial bacteria
•Fermentation substrate for beneficial bacteria
•Selective inhibitors of deleterious intestinal bacteria

24. There are thousands of phytochemicals. But
some of the basic classes of them are found in
these foods:
Cruciferous vegetables: broccoli, cauliflower,
cabbage, dark leafy greens.
Phytochemicals found are: organosulfur and
glucosinolates and they may help prevent cancer.

27. Tomatoes and Watermelons
Phytochemical found: Lycopene
Lycopene has been found to be 2 times as
powerful as beta carotene (Vitamin A) in the
destruction of free radicals.
Cancer prevention..
Phytochemical family

28. *Used in the treatment of heart
diseases.
*Prevent diabetes.
*Infertility treatment .

30. Citrus Fruits
Phytochemical found:
monoterpenes
May help to prevent cancer.

31. *Oranges are well known for their high vitamin c level .
*Oranges contain other important phytochemical including
carotenoids,isohesperidin,terpeniol, flavonoids, hesperidin, 
limonene.
*Benefits of orange
*The orange oil is used to treat chronic bronchitis.The orange oil is used to treat chronic bronchitis.
* Tea made from dried orange flowers stimulates the nervous system. Tea made from dried orange flowers stimulates the nervous system.
Orange peel is traditionally used to treat sleeping problems.Orange peel is traditionally used to treat sleeping problems.
* The phytochemicals limonene and flavonoids appear to have anti-The phytochemicals limonene and flavonoids appear to have anti-
carcinogenic properties.carcinogenic properties.
* They can block the carcinogenesis by acting as a blocking agent.They can block the carcinogenesis by acting as a blocking agent.
*limonin and limonene can induce the enzyme activity of glutathione S-limonin and limonene can induce the enzyme activity of glutathione S-
transferase, which is an important detoxifying enzyme.transferase, which is an important detoxifying enzyme.
* Feeding of orange oils, rich in limonene, seemed to inhibit tumors of Feeding of orange oils, rich in limonene, seemed to inhibit tumors of
forestomach, lung and mammary tumorsforestomach, lung and mammary tumorsaa
Phytochemicals in orange

32. Omega 3 and health

33. •Structural carbohydrate of plants
•Neither digested nor absorbed
•Insoluble fibers - Predominant
–Absorbs water in gastrointestinal tract
–Promotes regular elimination
–Increases stool weight
–Speeds up digestion/elimination time
•Soluble fibers - Health benefits
–Lowers serum cholesterol
–Regulates blood sugar levels
Dietary fibre

34. Intake of
Dietary Fiber
•Increased fiber intake may reduce risk of:
–Gastrointestinal diseases
–Hypertension
–Diabetes
–Heart disease
–Several types of cancer (Colon)
•Recommended: 20-35 g daily
•Best sources: fruit, vegetables, whole grain
breads/cereals, beans, rice, nuts, seeds
•Adequate water intake is important
Wheat bran
(17 g/cup)
Legumes:
15-19 g/cup

35. Based on Therapeutic Use:
Nutraceuticals
•For bone &joint health- fish oils
•For Migrane risk reduction- tea
•For Cancer risk reduction- soy
•For Eye health- leutin
•For Diabetes- fenugreek

36. *Local name : Marigold
*Family : Asteraceae
*Uses : Prevents the cataract,
Protects macula of eye
LEUTIN

37. *Aloe vera: Anti-inflammatory, emollient, wound healing,

*Garlic: Antibacterial, antifungal, antithrombotic, antiinflammatory,
*Ginger: carminative, antiemetic, treatment of dizziness
Herbals

38. TURMERIC CURCUMINOIDS
SOURCE : Rhizomes of Curcuma longa
FAMILY : Zingiberaceae
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS :
Curcumin, desmethoxy curcumin,
bisdesmethoxy curcumin
USES :
 Antimicrobial activity
 Recent findings indicate
that it has integrase
enzyme inhibitor activity
GRCP( DEPT OF PHARMACOLOGY) 38

39. KARELA
SOURCE :
Momordica charantia
FAMILY :
Cucurbitaceae
USES :
Hypoglycemic effect
Extract of karela increases
rate of glycogen synthesis
by 4-5 fold in liver.
39

41. FENUGREEK
SOURCE :
Trigonella foenum-graecum
FAMILY: Leguminoseae
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS :
 Alkaloids
(gentianine and trigonelline)
flavanoids,
coumarins,
proteins,amino acids,
steroid saponins. USES :
 In treatment of anorexia,
gastritis.
Fenugreek possess laxative, expectorant, demulcent properties.
 Shows hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic
properties
GRCP( DEPT OF PHARMACOLOGY) 41

42. *Green tea: Antioxidant, reduces risk of CVD, enhances humoral and
cell mediated Immunity,
*Vegetables, fruits, whole grain, herbs, nuts and various seeds contain
an abundance of phenolic compounds, terpenoids, sulphur compounds,
pigments etc. that has been associated with protection / treatment of
certain disease conditions,

43. *Nutraceuticals are present in most of the food ingredients with varying Nutraceuticals are present in most of the food ingredients with varying
concentration concentration
*Concentration, time and duration of supply of nutraceuticals influence Concentration, time and duration of supply of nutraceuticals influence
human healthhuman health
*Manipulating the foods, the concentration of active ingredients can be Manipulating the foods, the concentration of active ingredients can be
increasedincreased
*Diet rich in nutraceuticals along with regular exercise, stress reduction Diet rich in nutraceuticals along with regular exercise, stress reduction
and maintenance of healthy body weight will maximise health and and maintenance of healthy body weight will maximise health and
reduce disease risk reduce disease risk
CONCLUSION

44. *Advanced Human Nutrition - Robert E.C Advanced Human Nutrition - Robert E.C
WildmanWildman
* wikepedia wikepedia