Nyaya Darshana

Nyaya Darshana was propounded by Akshapaada Gautama.
Gautama was popularly known as ‘Gotama’ and ‘Akshapaada’.
Akshapaada means the man who has eyes in the Paada (sole).
Vyasa was the disciple of Gautama, once Gautama got anger towards Vyasa and rejected to see Vyasa with his eyes. After so many requests Gautama reduced his anger and agreed to see Vyasa. Then he created eyes in his sole and with the help of those eyes he used to see Vyasa. Hence he was popular as Aksha Paada.

2. NyayaDarshanawaspropoundedbyAkshapaada
Gautama.
Gautamawaspopularlyknownas‘Gotama’and
‘Akshapaada’.
Akshapaadameansthemanwhohaseyesinthe
Paada(sole).
VyasawasthediscipleofGautama,onceGautamagot
angertowardsVyasaandrejectedtoseeVyasawith
hiseyes.AftersomanyrequestsGautamareduced
hisangerandagreedtoseeVyasa.Thenhecreated
eyesinhissoleandwiththehelpofthoseeyeshe
usedtoseeVyasa.HencehewaspopularasAksha
Paada.

3. VatsayanawroteaBhashya(commentary)and
UdyotkarawroteaVartikaonNyayaDarshana.
Thereare5chaptersand10Ahnikasandare
describedin528Sutras.
NyayaDarshanaisalsocalled‘Anvikshaki’.According
tothisstatement,
Anu–meansafterwards
Vikshana-meanstoseeoracquire.
i.e.toacquireknowledgeofanobjectwiththehelpof
Anumana(Inference),alreadywhoknowsitthrough
PratyakshaorShastraPramana.

4. Acquiringtheknowledgeofanobjectthrough
examinationwiththehelpofPramanasiscalledNyaya.
Disclosingofthecorrectknowledgeofthebasic
fundamentalPadarthasiscalledNyaya.
NyayaDarshanahasgivenmuchimportancetoAnumana
Pramana.Onecangetcompleteandcorrectknowledgeof
Paramanus(atoms)whicharethebasiccausefor
creationoftheUniverse,IshwaraandMokshathrough
AnumanaPramana,henceitiscalledNyayaDarshana.
NyayaDarshanaaccepts4Pramanasi.e.Pratyaksha,
Anumana,Shabda(AptaVachana)andUpamana.

5. NyayaDarshanadescribes16Padarthasviz.

6. 1.Pramana–Meanstogettherealknowledge.
2.Prameya–ObjectsneededforPramana
3.Samshaya–Doubts
4.Prayojana–Utility
5.Drustanta–Givingexamplestoclarifythestatement.
6.Siddhanta–Acceptedtruth
7.Avayava–BranchesofInference
8.Tarka–Discussionforclarifyingthedoubts

7. 9.Nirnaya–Determinationoftruth
10.Vaada–Discussionbetweentwogroups.
11.Jalpa–Arguingtoprovehisdominancy.
12.Vitanda–Commentingandcreatingobstacles.
13.Hetwabhasa–Provingthethingwithfalsecause
14.Chala–Blamingbyraisingirrelevantobjections.
15.Jaati–Uselessnessasaconsequenceofhavingno
practicalresults.
16.NigrahaSthaana–Discussiongiveninsupportfor
success.

8. WiththehelpofthesesixteenPadarthas,one
cangetcompleteandcorrectknowledgeabout
theuniverseandiseligibletogetMoksha.
NyayaDarshanaacceptsArambhavaada,
VaisheshikaalsoacceptstheArambhavaada,but
notSatkaryavaada,theytellthattheKaryais
purelynewandthereisnorelationwithKaarana.
Arambhavada–Allthesubstancesofthe
universearecreatedbythecreator,Aspotis
createdbythepottersoalsotheuniverseis
createdbytheAtom,GodandSoul.
NyayaDarshanaacceptedthePitharaPaakaand
gaveimportancefordiscussion,foracquiringthe
correctknowledgeofanobject.

9. Pramana:-NyayaDarshanagivesimportanceto
Pramanas,especiallyAnumanaPramana.Accordingto
AyurvedatheutilityofPramanasismostlyinthe
diagnosisofthediseasesandintreatment.Pramanas
wereadoptedinAyurvedafromNyayaDarshana.
TadvidyaSambhasha:-Bothacceptedthetheoryof
discussionbeforetheconclusionwiththehelpof16
Padarthas.TheTadvidyaSambhasha,Sambhasha
Parishat,varietiesofParishads,44VaadaMargas,mode
ofdiscussionetc.TopicswhichareexplainedinCharaka
Vimanasthana8thchapterhavesimilaritywiththat
explainedinNyayaDarshana.

10. NavaKaaranaDravya:-BothhaveacceptedtheNava
KaaranaDravyas(PanchaMahabhutas,Kala,Disha,Atma
andManah)
Tantrayukyi:-TheTantrayuktisdescribedinNyaya
Darshanahavethesimilaritywiththoseexplainedby
Ayurveda.
The10typesofKaryaAbhinivruttiGhatakasi.e.
arealsosimilarinbothNyayaDarshanaandAyurveda.
1) Kaarana 2) Karana 3) KaryaYoni4) Karya 5) Karyaphala
6) Anubandha7) Desha 8) Kaala 9) Pravrutti10) Upaaya

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