Nyaya Philosophy .pdf

Nyaya philosophy

1. Dr Keertichoudhary
Assistant Professor’
Department of Philosophy,
Patna Women‘s College

2. • THENYAYAPHILOSOPHYISFOUNDEDBYTHESAGE
GOTAMA.
• HEALSOKNOWNASAKASAPADA.
• ACCORDINGLY ,THENYAYAISALSOKNOWN AS
AKSAPADASYSTEM.
• LATERONNYAYAISDIVIDEDINTOTWOPATH

3. NYAYA PHILOSOPHY
NYAYA sanskritni-aya, literally
recursion,
Used in the sense of syllogism, inference
THE first work of the nyayaphilosphyis
nyaya-sutra of GOTAMA.

4. EPISTEMOLOGY
Epistemologyderivedfromgreekword
episteme,means’knowledge’’.
LOGOSmeans‘’studyorscience’’
Epistemologyistheimportantbranchof
philosophy.
Whatisknowledge,sourceofvalid
knowledge

5. The NyayaSystem accept sixteen Padartha,
these are given below:-
Pramana
Prameya
Samsaya
Prayojana
Drstanta
Siddhant
Avayava
Tarka
Nirnaya
Vada
Jalpa
Vitanda
Hetbabhasa
Chala
Jati
Nigrahasthana

6. PRAMA
PERCEPTION INFERENCE
COMPARION SABDA
VALID
KNOWLEDGE

7. APRAMA
MEMORY DOUBT
ERROR
HYPOTHETICAL
ARGUMENTs
INVALID
KNOWLEDGE

8. PERCEPTION
 VALIDSOURCEOFKNOWLEDGE,ACCPTEDBY
EVERYSCHOOLOFINDIANPHILOSOPHY
 PERCEPTIONISTHEVALIDKNOWLEDGE
PRODUCEDBYTHECONTACTOFANOBJECT
WITHASENSEORGAN.
 THEOLDSCHOOL OFNYAYADEFINES
PERCEPTIONINTERMSOFSENSE-OBJECT
CONTACT[indriyarthasannikarsa]

9. 1.Perception classification
perception
Alaukika[extra
ordinary]
Laukika[ordinary]

10. ORDINARY PERCEPTION
• The visual
• Auditory
• Tactual
• Gustatory
• Olfactory
PERCERTION
BY SENSE
ORGANS
• Manas
PERCEPTION
BY MANAS

11. LAUKIKA[ORDINARY PERCEPTION]
1.The visual2.Auditory3.Tactual
4.Gustatory5.Olfactory

12. 1. Nirvikalpaka
(Indeterminate),
2. Savikalpaka
(Determinate)
3. Pratabhijna
(Recognition)
THREE M0DES OF ORDINARY
PERCEPTION

13. EXTRA ORDINARY
PERCEPTION[ALAUKIKA]
SAMANYALAKSANA
GYANLAKASANA
YOGAJA

14. Samanyalaksana:-
Whenweaskwhetherallmenare
mortalthequestionraisedisasto
whethermoralityistrue,notofthis
orthatmenonlynorofallmenwho
aredeadandgone,butofallmenin
thepast,presentandfuture.

15. Jnanalaksana:-
Weoftenusesuchexpressionsas“ice
lookscold”,thestonebookshard”,
“thegrasslookssoft”,andsoforth.
Whenouronesenseorgantodothe
workofanothersenseorgans.

16. Yogaja:-
Thethirdkindofextraordinary
perceptioniscalledyogaja.Itisthe
intuitiveperceptionofallobjects–past
andfuture,hiddenandinfinitesimal–by
onewhopossessessomesupernatural
powergeneratedinthemindbydevout
meditation(yogabhyasa).

17. Three modes of ordinary perception
Accordingtoanotherclassification,
ordinaryperceptionisofthreekinds
namelyNirvikalpaka(indeterminate),
Savikalpaka(Determinate) and
Pratabhijna(Recognition)
Contd……

18. Nirvikalpaka(indeterminate):-
Nirvikalpaka(indeterminate)perception
istheprimarycognitionofanobjectand
itsdiversecharacterswithoutany
judgmenttointerrelatethem.
Contd……

19. Savikalpaka(Determinate):-
Savikalpaka(Determinate)perceptionis
thecognitionofanobjectaspossessedof
somecharacter.
Contd……

20. Pratabhijna(Recognition):-
Pratabhijna(Recognition)isrecognition
initsliteralmeaning.Itisre-cognitionof
someobject,acognitionofitsasthat
whichwascognisedbefore.

21. CONCLUSION
 EVERY SCHOOL OF INDIAN PHILOSOPHY ACCEPT
PERCEPTION AS A VALID SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE.
 BUT OUR SENSE ORGANS ARE LIMITED.
 SO WE REQUIRED INFERENCE,COMPARISION, TESTIMONY
ETC.
 NYAYA PHILOSOPHY REPRESENT A UNIQE DEFINATION OF
PERCEPTION.
 NYAYA PHILOSOPHY INCLUDE MANAS ALSO WHICH ARE
UNIQUE DEFINITION OF PERCEPTION.