Ob+Stress Management

Stress Management

1. STRESS MANAGEMENT

Dr.Preetam.Khandelwal
FMS,University of Delhi,Delhi

2. How big is the stress problem?
 
Very big and growing

There are potential stressors in all
human activities

3. Work Stress and Its Management
Stress
A dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted
with an opportunity, constraint, or demand related to
what he or she desires and for which the outcome is
perceived to be both uncertain and important.

4. Work Stress and Its Management
Constraints
Forces that prevent individuals
from doing what they desire.
Demands
The loss of something
desired.

5. MISCONCEPTIONS

1. All stress harmful
2. Must be avoided
3. Hard work kills
4. Not Organization’s problem

6. TRUTHS

No life without stress
 Cannot be avoided
 Progress of mankind
 Not only individual, but Org as well ,
affected
 Stress kills, not hard work
 An individual experience

7. Work Stress and its Management
.
Stressor: The person or event that triggers the stress
response
Eustress:Healthy ,normal stress
Distress: Adverse Psychological,physical,behavioral
and organizational consequences due to stressful
events
Strain: Distress

8. NEGATIVE STRESS

It is a contributory factor in minor conditions,
such as headaches, digestive problems, skin
complaints, insomnia and ulcers
 Excessive, prolonged and unrelieved stress can
have a harmful effect on mental, physical and
spiritual health.
NEGATIVE STRESS

9. POSITIVE STRESS
 Stress can also have a positive effect, spurring
motivation and awareness, providing the
stimulation to cope with challenging situations
 Stress also provides the sense of urgency and
alertness needed for survival when confronting
threatening situations.
POSITIVE STRESS

10. THE INDIVIDUAL
 Everyone is different, with unique perceptions of,
and reactions to, events
 There is no single level of stress that is optimal
for all people
Some are more sensitive owing to experiences in
childhood, the influence of teachers, parents and
religion etc

11. Inverted-U Relationship between Stress and
Job Performance

12. Potential Sources of Stress
Environmental Factors
–Economic uncertainties of the business cycle
–Political uncertainties of political systems
–Technological uncertainties of technical innovations
–Terrorism in threats to physical safety and security

13. Potential Sources of Stress
Organizational Factors
–Task demands related to the job
–Role demands of functioning in an organization
–Interpersonal demands created by other employees
–Organizational structure (rules and regulations)
–Organizational leadership (managerial style)
–Organization’s life stage (growth, stability, or decline)

14. Potential Sources of Stress (cont’d)
Individual Factors
–Family and personal relationships
–Economic problems from exceeding earning capacity
–Personality problems arising for basic disposition
Individual Differences
–Perceptual variations of how reality will affect the
individual’s future.
–Greater job experience moderates stress effects.
–Social support buffers job stress.
–Internal locus of control lowers perceived job stress.
–Strong feelings of self-efficacy reduce reactions to job
stress.

15.                                
                               
            
                               
                
                      
 
Work related
 
Non-work related
Episodic
stress
Type 1
(e.g.Re-
organisation)
Type11
(e.g.Marriage)
Chronic
stress
Type 111
(e.g. Too 
much, too little 
work)
Type 1V (e.g. 
Concern over 
economy)
POTENTIAL SOURCES OF STRESS

16. SOURCES OF STRESS
 
Diagnosing stress important
Episodic  stress both on and off the job causes
disruptions ,triggers a chain reaction ,requires
personal adjustment
Chronic stress even after we become accustomed
to it causes pressures that induce illness ,lower
feelings of satisfaction ,inhibit growth and work
effectiveness

17.  
Life Styles and Stress
We embrace material goods, conveniences,”the good life”
we thus ,reduce are ability to cope with stress
 We reward competition and achievement above most other
human endeavours

We design our life around left brain and increase the amount of
stress in our daily lives


We ignore our physical, mental and spiritual wellness

18. Consequences of Stress
High LevelsHigh Levels
of Stressof Stress
PhysiologicalPhysiological
SymptomsSymptoms
BehavioralBehavioral
SymptomsSymptoms
PsychologicalPsychological
SymptomsSymptoms

19. A Model of Stress

20. Stage 1-Alarm
The body shows characteristics
of the first exposure to the stressor
,increase BP, high respiration rate
Stage 2- Resistance
As stressful condition persists
person resists stress ,(Anxiety,
tension,accidents ,poor
decision making,illness)
Stage 3- Exhaustion
Resistance fails,headaches,high BP
Because of long exposure to same stress
General Adaptation Syndrome

21. Personality
Type A’s
2.are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly;
3.feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place;
4.strive to think or do two or more things at once;
5.cannot cope with leisure time;
6.are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in
terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire.
Type B’s
2.never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its
accompanying impatience;
3.feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements
or accomplishments;
4.play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their
superiority at any cost;
5.can relax without guilt.

22. The Necessity for Life-Style Change

It is important to take a holistic perspective or
a “systems” approach to understanding stress

 Holistic perspective: Three key dimensions of life

23. ILLNESS WELLNESS
 
 - __________________________________ +
 
 
   
DEPRESSION HAPPINESS
 
-  __________________________________ +
 
 
ALIENATION INTEGRATION

- __________________________________ +
 
THE    PSYCHOLOGICAL    DIMENSION
 
THE PHYSICAL DIMENSION
THE   SPRITUAL  DIMENSION
 

24. Managing Stress
Individual Approaches
–Implementing time management
- life style management -diet,exercise,yoga
–Increasing physical exercise
–Relaxation training/Meditation
–Expanding social support network
- Behavioral techniques—learn to react
differently
- Cognitive technique—
think yourself out of stress

25. TIME MANAGEMENT
Prioritizing activities by
importance & urgency
Prioritization -Make a list
•What MUST be done
•What SHOULD be
done
•What would you
LIKE to do
Scheduling – Plan your
Day
•Schedule Quite hour,
Interruptions, Personal
time, Balance

26. Time Management
Knowing your daily cycle
Doing high demanding jobs when you are alert
and active
Delegate & Follow-up
•Trust yourself to relinquish control
Edit your Life - Learn to drop unimportant
activities

27. Managing Stress
Organizational Approaches
–Improved personnel
selection and job placement
–Training
–Use of realistic goal setting
–Redesigning of jobs
–Increased employee
involvement
–Improved organizational
communication
–Offering employee
sabbaticals
–Establishment of corporate
wellness programs

28. Tips for managers
we must commit ourselves to action
Learn effective stress –management techniques

Recognise that stress and stress management are unique
for each of us
 we must be patient

Accept stress management as a life long learning process

Approach stress management one step at a time

29. Tips for managers
Become knowledgeable about stress
Take a systematic approach to problem solving
Come to terms with your feelings
Develop effective behavioural skills
Establish and maintain a strong support network
Concentrate on positive spiritual development
 

30. ABC STRATEGY
A = AWARENESS
What causes you stress?
How do you react?

31. ABC STRATEGY
B = BALANCE
There is a fine line between positive /
negative stress
How much can you cope with before it
becomes negative ?

32. ABC STRATEGY
C = CONTROL
What can you do to help yourself
combat the negative effects of
stress ?

33. Taking responsibility
for your own health
and well –being is one
of the most important
keys to successful
stress management
and life style change

34. Type A Scoring
120 or more A+
106-119 A
100-105 A-
90-99 B+
Less than 90 B