obisity and nutrition

Obesity

1. République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire Ministre des études supérieures et des recherches scientifique Université 08 Mai 1945 Guelma Département de Biologie M1 QPSA Obesity and nutrition university year 2016-2017 Prepared by : Examined by: Miss: belkhane

2. work Plan 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Introduction Measure of obesity BMI and obesity Causes of obesity C onsequences Treatments Prevention Definition Conclusion

3. Introduction Our survival skills are killing us. The human body has evolved into a fat-hoarding machine. Food that our bodies don’t immediately use for energy gets quickly stored as fat, and we convert this fat back into fuel for our brains and muscles when food is scarce. This was a great thing for our ancestors who didn’t know when their next meal would be. But for us, with our drive-through restaurants and jam-packed junk food aisles, this survival mechanism is wreaking havoc on our health.

4. ? ? ? Problematic ? What Is Obesity And How To Avoid It

5. 1- Definition Obesity is essentially a disorder of your metabolism and is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure over a long period of time. In other words, you are consuming more calories or energy than you are burning through exercise and daily activities.  Treatment of obesity therefore aims to restore this energy balance.

6. 2 - measure of obesity BMI = Weight / Height2                   (Kg / m2) Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to adult men and women. BMI is calculated when your weight in kilograms is divided by your height in meters squared. You can calculate your BMI by using a calculator provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention .

7. 3. BMI and obesity (BMI 18.5 - 25 ) (BMI 25 - 30 ) (BMI 30 - 35 ) (BMI 35 - 40 ) (BMI < 18.5) famine FINISH Obesity can be classified according to BMI : IMC >40) massive obesity Normal weight overweight obese (class 1) morbid obesity (class 2)

8. 4. Causes of obesity A bad diet is not the only thing that causes obesity. But it is one of them. If you eat foods that contain things like high fructose corny syrup regularly (fast food contains a ton of it!), you are putting your body at risk for obesity. There are many ingredients in everyday foods that are simply not natural. If your body cannot process these ingredients in a timely fashion, it can cause you to gain weight over time. In addition, if you don't get enough exercise on a regular basis, obesity may be in your future. These aren't the only causes of obesity, though. There are some diseases, like hypothyroidism, that can impact your weight. Hypothyroidism is a disease that affects the hormones produced by your thyroid gland. When this happens, your metabolism is impacted and you can gain a lot of weight over a short period of time. So there are some factors that are outside of your control that can cause obesity.

9. B – Psychological consequences 5 - Consequences A – physical consequences C – Social Consequences

10. A- the physical effects of obesity

11. B psychological consequences Studies have shown that obesity can lead to psychological problems such as: Depression Anxiety Low quality of life Low self-esteem Body dissatisfaction

12. C – Social Consequences L L F M M ore likely to suffer from prejudice and discrimination in some situations (for example employment, travel, schooling, healthcare, retail etc) . F ewer friends . L ower educational attainment . L ower employment .

13. 6- Treatments of obesity

14. A – Pharmacotherapy Several weight loss drugs have been marketed to date which work by either suppressing the appetite (e.g. Sibutramine – Reductil) or reducing absorption of fats (e.g. Orlistat – Xenical). These drugs should always be prescribed by a medical professional. These agents can cause weight loss of up to 10% of body weight. In addition many of these drugs can have nasty side effects (such as diarrhea) and are still being investigated in clinical trials.

15. 1 2 3 B- Surgery 1 - You must however consider the operative risks associated with each of the procedures. Surgical treatments tend to be considered if you are morbidly obese (defined as a BMI greater than 40). 2-If you are markedly obese with co-morbidities, surgery is considered the only available treatment that can reliably produce significant and sustained weight loss. 3- Surgical procedures may help you lose up to 30-40kg of excess weight; however this is only achieved if you adhere to the required lifestyle changes.

16. 11 - Incorporating more natural foods into your diet, drinking more water . - Know and avoid the food traps that cause you to eat. - You should have a diverse and balanced diet - Exercise regularly, You need to get 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity activity a week to prevent weight gain. 7- Prevention 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

17. Conclusion Whilst surgery is becoming increasingly common for the treatment of obesity, diet, exercise and long-term lifestyle changes remain the cornerstone of treatment. Surgery should only be considered if you are morbidly obese with significant weight related health problems. Successful treatment of obesity therefore requires an integrated and multidisciplinary approach with input from a variety of health professionals including dieticians, physicians, physiotherapists, surgeons and psychologists/psychiatrists. In order to achieve long term weight loss you are required to make lifetime changes in your eating and exercise behaviours. In the future, the government may also be able to help treat the obesity epidemic by altering the environment we live in. Strategies and public health campaigns to produce an environment that supports healthy eating and physical activity throughout the community are needed.

18. Thank You for your attention