OBJECTIVES , CHARACTERISTICS , CONCEPT AND PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING.pptx

CONCEPT:
The Art of nursing
Attribute of practice
Competence
Personal commitment
OBJECTIVES OF NURSING
CHARACTERISTICS OF NURSING

1. UNIT I 03 : OBJECTIVES , CHARACTERISTICS , CONCEPT AND PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING KRISHNA PATEL

2. OBJECTIVES OF NURSING. • To prepare nurses who will give expert bedside nursing care in the hospital and community. • To provide integration of health and social aspect of theory and practice in generalized public health nursing. • To provide an adequate, sound scientific foundation to understand the functioning of body and mind in health and disease. • To prepare nurses who will be able to work cooperatively with team members. • To provide opportunities through curricular and extracurricular activities for full development of personality of each individual student. • To ensure opportunities for initiative and resourcefulness and sense of responsibility for oneself.

3. CHARACTERISTICS OF NURSING. • Nursing is caring. • Nursing involves close personal contact with the recipient of care. • Nursing is concerned with services that take humans into account as physiological, psychological, and sociological organisms. • Nursing is committed to promoting individual, family, community, and national health goals in its best manner possible. • Nursing is committed to personalized services for all persons without regard to color , creed, social or economic status. • Nursing is committed to involvement in ethical, legal, and political issues in the delivery of health care.

4. CONCEPT OF NURSING.

5. 1.THE ART OF NURSING: A holistic, client- centered focus; being caring and ethical in interactions with patients, families, and colleagues having above-average interpersonal skills; and making sound judgments based on experience and knowledge, thus averting (prevent) potential problems.

6. 2.COMPETENCE: Professional practice demands competence in relation to knowledge and technical skills. This requires not only a broad base of knowledge, but also depth of knowledge in a chosen area of practice, a desire and ability to continue developing that knowledge base and to share it with others and critical thinking in decision-making.

7. 3.ATTRIBUTES OF PRACTICE: Professional nursing practice means working in partnership with other nurses and health professionals in providing client care, being highly organized in managing activities and time, having the ability to manage many complex tasks simultaneously, working autonomously as appropriate and having an open mind and nonjudgmental manner.

8. 4.PERSONAL COMMITMENT having confidence in one's abilities and taking responsibility for one's actions, including having a sound understanding of the boundaries and limitations of nursing practice. Having a balanced lifestyle and supporting the advancement of the profession were also considered important characteristics of a professional nurse.

9. NURSING PHILOSOPHY A philosophy of nursing is a statement, sometimes written, that declares a nurse's beliefs, values, and ethics regarding their care and treatment of patients while they are in the nursing profession. The philosophy of the nursing profession is defined by four basic concepts. The nursing profession is built upon four key concepts- person, environment, health and nursing. The four concepts are interrelated and each is built upon the foundation of the concept that precedes it.

10. Person: In nursing theory, human beings are considered in terms of their physiological, psychological, social, spiritual and cultural selves. People are evaluated in terms of their individual place in society as well as their relationships to their family, community and society as a whole. Additionally, human beings are viewed in terms of their individual needs and how nursing practice is applied to meet these needs. The purpose of nursing and nursing theory is to identify how a particular individuals needs are either met or not met, to predict future needs and to prioritize those needs in order of importance.

11. 2. Environment: The environment concept of nursing comprises all the internal and external factors that act on human beings and affect their behavior and development. This includes psychological, spiritual, social, physical and cultural forces as well as the environment in which nursing care is provided. The idea behind this concept is that the environment influences individual and collective health and that individuals who experience a positive, comfortable nursing environment are more likely to demonstrate good health versus those who receive a level of care that is lacking.

12. 3. Health: The concept of health refers to an individual's physical, mental and social well-being and at what point they are on the health spectrum, which ranges from good health to poor health or death. Health is considered to be affected by genetic factors, environmental factors, lifestyle factors and external mechanisms such as bacteria. a person's place on the health spectrum is constantly changing and in a nursing context, it's the responsibility of nursing professionals to identify the patient's place on the spectrum and to take steps to help that person's health improve.

13. 4. Nursing: Nursing refers to the process of caring for the health of human beings and assisting individuals in meeting their needs while also teaching them the basics of caring for themselves. The responsibilities of the nursing profession are to promote good health, to prevent disease when possible, to promote healing in those who are ill and to ease the suffering of dying patients. The concept of nursing extends beyond the healthcare facility to the community and society as a whole, and views individual health and the environment as closely related. Nursing is defined as care that is tailored to the needs of individuals and that is provided in an efficient and effective manner.

14. ELEMENTS OF NURSING PHILOSOPHY

15. SCOPE OF NURSING

16. SCOPE OF NURSING PRACTICE

17. POSITION QUALIFICATION ROLES Independent Nurse Post Doctoral degree in nursing Nurse Researcher Investigates nursing problems to improve care Expand the scope of nursing Dean Nursing director PhD in Nursing ( 5 Years) MPhil in Nursing ( 2 Years ) Nurse Administrator In Education In Hospital services Reader Professor Assistant Professor Lecturer Associate Professor MSc in Nursing Nurse Educator Works in school of nuring Provides educational programs for student nurse Nursing services

18. POSITION QUALIFICATION ROLES Diploma Certificate program Critical care nurse practitioner Cardiothoracic nursing Family nurse practitioner Post Basic BSc ( 2 year) GNM ( 3 year) Or B.Sc. (N) 4 years Clinical Nurse Clinical Instructor Auxiliary Nurse Midwifery ( 2 Years) ANM Home Visit

19. CATEGORIES OF NURSING PERSONNEL

20. Nursing Director • Formation of the aims and the objectives policies of the new nursing services • Staffing based on the nursing requirement according to the accepted standards of the medical standards • Planning and directing the nursing care • Coordinating the interdepartmental activities • Maintaining the supplies and the equipment • Budgeting • Keeping records and reports.

21. Chief Nursing Officer She does planning, coordination, supervision, controlling, reporting to higher medical officer and delegating the work schedules to other nurses. Follows and adapts policies, which helps to recruit, assign and allocate the required staff at the right place and time. Explains the job description, supervision and delegating responsibilities to each staff nurse. conducts nursing audit, does anecdotal reporting to evaluate nursing care. Make all staff observes and follows code of ethics and regulation of the hospitals. Has authority to terminate any nurse if she misbehaves or violates hospital regulations. Encourages and participates in all-round development of nurses, especially in nursing research activities.

22. Head Nurse • To plan the duty roster specific to the ward, implement PCS and allocate ward in charge to specific wards. • To control and coordinate the activities of the specific wards. • To plan all the activities done by ward in charge in advance, delegate responsibilities and supervise the activities in the wards. • To supervise the nursing care being rendered for all patients and to take frequent status updates.

23. • To conduct nursing rounds with ward in charges to assess the problem, plan care, clarify issues, fulfill the requirements and guide the ward in charge. • To maintain the enrolment register of all the staff and ward in charge, and ensure that all the staff reported duty in time. • To allocate the alternative staff in case of absenteeism. • To conduct meeting with the subordinate staff, and provide guidance, and teaching to improve her nursing care.

24. Ward In Charge • Report to the head nurse for any issue. • Plan control and supervise the activity of the subordinates and also ensure that the staff are allocated at required areas and provide good care to the patients. • Ensure ward cleanliness, safety and security for all the patients in the ward. • Oversee the patients' conditions regularly and to care for the concerns of doctors who take care of the patients.

25. • Conduct ward rounds with staff nurse and plan her daily activities accordingly. • Coordinate the shift schedule, day/night off in the coordination with the head nurse. • Meet the healthcare needs of all patients in the ward.

26. Senior Staff Nurse • Senior nurses work under the ward in-charge. They have to report to the duty in time and sign in the register. • They provide individual care to patients who are seriously ill and are assisted by the junior nurses. • They report the patient care to ward in-charge regularly, • They write and record the patient details on the nurse’s • They maintain the patient care sheet, which has patient identification data, doctor sheet, diagnostic sheet, etc.

27. Graduate Nurse/Staff Nurse • The nurse directly provides patient care • Learns the policies of the hospital and ward, and works according to the standards of care • Provides health education and direct skilled work She works under the supervision of the senior nurse and holds authority over the Nursing Assistants and the Aids.

28. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE: There are various community health nurse levels in various states of India. Generally, they can be classified as: • DPHNO: District Public Health Nursing Officer • BPHN: Block Public Health Nurse • PHN: Public Health Nurse/Lady Health Visitor • ANM: Axillary Nurse Midwife/Female Health Workers Community health nurse Health worker – female and male Dais

29. NURSING EDUCATION

30. ROLE AND FUNCTION OF A NURSE

31. QUALITIES OF A PROFESSIONAL NURSE

32. NURSING AS A PROFESSION

33. A profession is defined as an occupation with ethical components, that is devoted to the promotion of human and social welfare. Profession has been defined as that requires extensive education or a calling that requires special knowledge, skill and preparation. Professional nurse is a health worker, a graduate from a recognized school who is identified by law as a registered nurse whether graduated from a baccalaureate (BSc) or a diploma program.

34. CRITERIA FOR PROFESSION Specialized education is an important aspect of professional status. In modern times, the trend in education for the professions has shifted towards programs in colleges and universities. Body of knowledge : As a profession, nursing is establishing a well-defined body of knowledge and expertise. A number of nursing conceptual frameworks contribute to the knowledge base of nursing and give direction to nursing practice, education and ongoing research.

35. CRITERIA FOR PROFESSION 2. Service orientation: Nursing as a tradition of service to others. This service, however, must be guided by certain rules, policies or codes of ethics. Today, nursing is also an important component of the healthcare delivery system. 3. Ongoing research: Since the 1970's nursing research has focused on practice related issues. Increasing research in nursing is contributing to nursing practice. Nursing research as a dimension of the nurse's role directed to nursing education and practice.

36. CRITERIA FOR PROFESSION 4. Code of ethics: Ethical code change as the needs and values of society change. Nursing has developed its own codes of ethics and in most instances has set up means to monitor the professional behaviors of its members.

37. CRITERIA FOR PROFESSION 5. Autonomy: A profession is autonomous, if it regulates itself and sets standards for its members. Providing autonomy is one of the purposes of a professional association. To be autonomous, a professional group must be granted legal authority to define the scope of its practice , describe its particular functions and roles and determine its goals and responsibilities in delivery of its services.

38. CHARACTERISTICS OF NURSE. • Good physical and mental health. • Truthful and efficient in technical competence. • Cleanliness, tidy, neat and well groomed. • Confidence in others and itself. • Intelligence. • Open minded, cooperative, responsible, able to develop good interpersonal relations. • Leadership quality. • Positive attitudes. • Self-belief towards human care and cure. • Convey cooperative attitudes towards co-worker. • Responsible towards family and society.

39. BASIC NURSING PRINCIPLES The principles describe what constitutes safe and effective nursing care, and cover the aspects of behaviour, attitude and approach that improve good care. 1 . Safety: It is the protection to hazards to patients and members of the health team from the possible mechanical, chemical, thermal, bacteriological and psychological injuries. 2. Therapeutic effectiveness: It is the result of the work, that is, whether the purpose of the procedure is fully achieved or out.

40. BASIC NURSING PRINCIPLES 3. Comfort: Every nursing procedure is aimed for the comfort of the patient. It should give the satisfaction to the patient, relatives, and nurse on completion of the work. 4.Use of resources: The use of time energy and material should be economic. A procedure should not be cancelled due to the want of one or two items required if they are not extremely essential. In such situations adjustment can be done by improving materials with the available resources.

41. Good workmanship: It is the skill in doing procedures. There is great difference, in doing things by a fresh hand and an experienced hand. Such skills or the art of doing procedure are developed only by doing the same repeatedly. Nursing is learning by doing and not merely by reading. Individuality: The likes and dislikes are different persons. So when we are planning nursing care to a person, his needs are to be anticipated and problems are to be identified and feelings are to be considered.

42. PRINCIPLES OF NURSING PRACTICE Nurses and nursing staff treat everyone in their care with dignity and humanity-they understand their individual needs, show compassion and sensitivity, and provide care in a way that respects all people equally. Nurses and nursing staff take responsibility for the care they provide and answer for their own judgments and actions. They carry out these actions in a way that is agreed with their patients, and the families and carers of their patients, and in a way that meets the requirements of their professional bodies and the law. Nurses and nursing staff manage risk, are vigilant about risk, and help to keep everyone safe in the places they receive health care

43. • Nurses and nursing staff provide and promote care that puts people at the center , involves patients, service users, their families and their carers in decisions and helps them make informed choices about their treatment and care. • Nurses and nursing staff are at the heart of the communication process: They assess, record and report on treatment and care, handle information sensitively and confidentially, deal with complaints effectively, and are conscientious in reporting the things they are concerned about.

44. • Nurses and nursing staff have up-to-date knowledge and skills, and use these with intelligence, insight and understanding in line with the needs of each individual in their care. • Nurses and nursing staff work closely with their own team and with other professionals, making sure patients' care and treatment is co-ordinated, is of a high standard and has the best possible outcome. • Nurses and nursing staff lead by example, develop themselves and other staff, and influence the way care is given in a manner that is open and responds to individual

45. NURSING IS ART AND SCIENCE

46. What is an Art; C omposed of skills that require expertise for their competent education. It is the creative use of knowledge in service to others. Originally nursing considered as an ‘art’. Called ‘born nurses’ (natural / untaught). Art improved by practice. Need little education as nurses only carry out doctors orders.

47. What is a Science? It requires systemized knowledge derived from observation, critical thinking, study and research. Nursing as a ‘Science’…Gradually, as the body of scientific knowledge grew, nurses aware of the basic principles for practice. Nursing borrowed its ‘science’ from other disciplines. What was unique to nursing? – Leeds to develop nursing theories by nursing scholars.

48. The art has long been accepted. The science has been recognized recently. Hence nursing is both a science and an art. “the science of nursing is the knowledge base for the care that is given, and the art of nursing is the skilled application of that knowledge to help others achieve maximum health and quality of life”

49. CARE COMPASSION COMMUNICATION SUPPORT REASURANCE A SPIRITUAL CALLING DEGREE QUALIFIED SKILLED AND KNOWLEDGEABLE PROFESSIONAL CAPABLE AND COMPETENT

50. Conclusion : Nursing is indeed an art and science. Science helps to explain the work of a nurse, while art addresses the human connections, empathetic communication, and dedicated care and compassion that make nursing a critical element of healthcare.