Observation skills

1. OBSERVATION SKILLS Presented By : - Rubina Isidore (Training and Development)

2. ACTIVITY

3. Observation is getting information about objects, events, moves, attitudes and phenomena using one or more senses… Give an Example What is Observation?

4. TYPES OF OBSERVATION Scientific observation Natural Observation Subjective and Objective observation Direct and Indirect observation Participant and Non Participant observation Structured and Unstructured observation Controlled and Non Controlled observation

5. Observations Advantages Most direct measure of behavior Provides direct information Easy to complete, saves time Can be used in natural or experimental settings Disadvantages May require training Observer’s presence may create artificial situation Potential for bias Potential to overlook meaningful aspects Potential for misinterpretation Difficult to analyze

6. Recording your observati ons It is not good enough to just observe, you need to record your observations. You might use: Observation guide Recording sheet Checklist Field note Picture Combination of the above

7. Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dheBW_4lpag

8. What do you observe in this room ?

9. What do you observe in people ?

10. Who observes you ? Observation of parents/spouse at home Teachers in college Observation by your boss/colleagues/subordinates Friends at parties People in your environment

11. What are you observing? Self and Client In yourself- Physical sensation Your internal monologue Body language Congruity/genuineness Emotions

12. In your client Nonverbal communication 1. Facial expression 2. Body language: posture, position changes, hand gestures, head nodding, rigidity/looseness 3. Proxemics-use of space 4. Paralanguage-tone of voice, volume, pitch, intensity, non word utterances, patterns of speech Watch dvd-observe for specific examples

13. Verbal communication 1. Selective attention-what are you predisposed to hear and focus on? 2. Key words a. Noticing repetition b. Noticing emphasized words 3. Concrete vs. abstract 4. “I” vs. “other” statements

14. Conflict, incongruity and discrepancy-138 1. Use of confrontation or challenge can be useful. 2. Is client open to self reflection? 3. Does the client trust you?

15. Encouraging, Paraphrasing, Summarizing Major functions: To convey you have heard and understood what the client said. To convey you understand the client’s perspective, their worldview. Secondary functions: Clarify what was said for the client. Clarify what was said for counselor. Helping client elaborate on the story. To help a rambling client focus.

16. VIDEOCLIP http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4KnaU65nLr8

17. TEST YOUR OBSERVATION http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xAFfYLR_IRY

18. Observation and Concentration/attention Observation and Perception Observation and Memory/Retention Observation and Behavior

19. Eye accessing cues Watching eye movements allows you to discover how someone is processing information. If you know how someone is processing information means you can adjust your questions and what you are doing to suit their processing. This helps create greater rapport.

20. Visual Remembered  What colour is your front door? What colour was your first car? What was the brightest colour clothing you wore recently?  Visual Constructed  What would an orange square with purple stripes look like? What colour hair will you have in 20 years from now? What would an elephant with pink polka dots look like? 

21. Kinaesthetic  What is eating a lemon like? What does it feel like to float in the water? How does it feel to put your hand in a bucket of water?

22. Auditory Remembered  What does a dog barking sound like? Listen to your favourite song in your mind Tune into the sound of the ocean

23. Auditory Constructed  What would it sound like if I was speaking underwater What would it sound like if a lion yodelled? What would a whistle sound like in space?   Auditory Digital  Say the first lines of the national anthem to yourself Recite a nursery rhyme to yourself What do you say to yourself to psyche yourself up? 

24. Improving Your Observation Look at every day life in a clear manner Trying to judge people and their perceptions Curiosity Always trying to ask questions to people or in your mind Being open to new experiences

25. Self-knowledge – accurate Willingness to seek the inputs of others. Being open to new ideas Practicing good listening skills

26. OBSERVATION TESTS