Obsessive Compulsive And Other Related Disorders

According to Diagnostics Statistical Manual 5, Obsessive compulsive disorders and other disorders include the following disorders:
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Hoarding Disorder
Trichotillomania

Excoriation Disorder
Substance/medication induced OCD
OCD Due To Another Medical Condition
Other Specific OCD
Unspecified OCD


Obsessive compulsive disorders is a disorder that is made up of two broad symptoms: obsession and compulsion which drives the person to engage in unwanted, often times distressing behaviors and thoughts.

Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges or images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted.

Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession.

1. OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS A Psychiatry presentation by Usanga , Ekomobong Offiong 18/cs0mb/1190 Year 5b

2. OBSESsive COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS (DSM – 5) Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Body Dysmorphic Disorder Hoarding Disorder Trichotillomania Excoriation Disorder Substance/medication induced OCD
OCD Due To Another Medical Condition
Other Specific OCD
Unspecified OCD

3. DEFINITIONS Obsessive compulsive disorders is made up of two broad symptoms: obsession and compulsion. Obsessions are recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges or images that are experienced as intrusive and unwanted

4. Definition Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession.

5. OBSESSIONS Obsessions could be persistent thoughts (example of contamination) or images (example violent or horrific scenes, sexual images) or urges (example to stab someone). Obsessions are NOT pleasurable. They are NOT experienced voluntarily.

6. COMPULSION Compulsion include repetitive behaviors like washing and cleaning. They could be mental acts like counting or repeating words silently. They are aimed at reducing anxiety.

7. EPIDEMIOLOGY OCD has a lifetime prevalence of 2-3% in the United States . Bimodal pattern: childhood and late adolesence /early adulthood. Males have early onset.

8. Etiology 1. GENETIC FACTORS First degree relative Among twins 2. Behavioral theory

9. The OBSESSION COMPULSIVE DISORDER CYCLE

10. Etiology Neurobiological Theory This theory implicates hyperactivity in frontal-subcortical thalamic circuits in the pathogenesis of OCD. 4. Psychosocial Theory

11. CLINICAL Evaluation On History Taking the patient will admit to having any of the following (but not limited to them): Washers Checkers Pure Obsessions

12. CLINICAL EVALUATION CONTINUED This obsessions would cause certain compulsions like: Repeated dressing and undressing Repeated cleaning of household objects Repeated arrangement.

13. Diagnosis Diagnosis and Statistical Manual 5 Criteria for diagnosis of OCD include: Possession of Obsession or Compulsion or both Time consuming Should cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning.

14. DIAGNOSIS CONTINUED 2. The ICD 10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders criteria Symptoms must be present on most days for at least 2 successive weeks They must be the individuals’ own thoughts or impulses Must not in itself be pleasurable Must be unpleasantly repetitive.

15. TREATMENT Psychotherapy (Talk Therapy) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Exposure and Response Prevention Antidepressants especially Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Combination Therapy

16. Body dysmorphic disorder ( Dysmorphophobia ) This is a mental disorder in which the patients excessively focuses on a perceived flaw in appearance. The flaw may be minor or imagined

17. Body Dysmorphic Disorder Epidemiology: More common in adolescent More in females than males Etiology: Psychosocial factors History of physical and sexual abuse

18. Hoarding disorder This is a disorder in which the individual has persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value.

19. Trichotillomania This is a disorder in which the individual recurrently pulls out of his or her hair, resulting in hair loss. There are repeated attempts to decrease or stop hair pulling. Etiology: Stress, anxiety, biological

20. Excoriation disorder This is a disorder characterized by recurrent skin picking resulting in skin lesions. There are repeated attempts to decrease or stop skin picking.

21. Substance/medication induced ocd The essential features of substance/medication-induced obsessive-compulsive and related disorder are prominent symptoms of an obsessive-compulsive and related disorder that are judged to be attributable to the effects of a substance (e.g., drug of abuse, medication).

22. Ocd due to another medical condition This is any obsessive compulsive disorder due to a disease condition. There is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that the disturbance is the direct pathophysiological consequence of another medical condition.

23. Other specific ocd This category applies to presentations in which symptoms characteristic of an obsessive-compulsive and related disorder that do not meet the full criteria for any of the disorders in the obsessive-compulsive and related disorders diagnostic class.

24. References Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 th Edition (2022) Field TA, Beeson ET (2015), “The New ABCs: A Practioner’s Guide to Neuroscience-Informed Cognitive Behavior Therapy” Katherine Philips (2004), “Body Dysmorphic Disorder: recognizing and treating imagined ugliness,” National Library of Medicine National Institute of Mental Health (2022), “Obsessive Compulsive Disorder” www.instituteofcounseling.org www.charliehealth.com