occupational health hazard and their prevention

It is the field dedicated to the physical, mental, and social well-being of workers, focusing on preventing work-related illnesses and injuries by identifying and controlling workplace hazards

1. Dr. Sushanta Sahu
Associate Professor

2. The joint international labor
organization committee on
Occupational health, 1950 defined
occupational health as “The
highest degree of physical,
mental and social well-being of
workers in all occupations.”

DEFINITION: DEFINITION:

3. GOALSGOALS
• To reduce industrial accidents.
• To prevent occupational
hazards/ diseases.
• To achieve maximum human
efficiency and machine
efficiency.
• To reduce sick absenteeism.

4. OBJECTIVES OF OBJECTIVES OF
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH:OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH:
• To maintain and promote the physical,
mental and social well being of the
workers.
• 

To prevent occupational diseases and
injuries.
• 

To adapt the work place and work
environment to the needs of the workers
i.e application of ergonomics principle.
• It should be preventive rather than
curative.

5. It represents a dynamic
equilibrium between
the worker and his
occupational environment.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTHOCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

6. What is occupational What is occupational
health care? health care?
Occupational health care is preventive
health care, which is provided on the
basis of the Occupational Health Care
Act. The objective of occupational health
care is a healthy and safe working
environment, a well-functioning working
community, prevention of work-related
diseases as well as the maintenance of
employees’ working ability and functional
capacity, and promotion of their health.

7. Advantages of Advantages of
Occupational health careOccupational health care
•Investigates and assesses load factors and
hazards and gives expert assistance for
eliminating them
•Gives information and advice
•Estimates employees’ working ability and
monitors their health condition
•By its knowledge and skills supports action for
maintaining working ability in the development
of individuals, working environment and
working community, in this way also affecting
productivity continued

8. •Prevents occupational diseases and
other work-related illnesses
•Prevents premature incapacity for
work, reduces pension costs
•Reduces absenteeism due to sickness
•Can make calculations of the
profitability of occupational safety and
health and occupational health care in
cooperation with workplaces or
encourage workplaces to make these
themselves.
Advantages of Occupational Advantages of Occupational
health care - health care - contcont

9. THE UNDERTAKINGS FOR THE THE UNDERTAKINGS FOR THE
NEED OF OCCUPATIONAL NEED OF OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH SERVICES: HEALTH SERVICES:
1.Any undertakings, which employ
more than the prescribed number.
2.Public sector undertakings
3.Atomic energy unit, explosive
production unit, mining unit, and
asbestos production unit etc.,
4.A unit where workers are exposed
to health hazards from toxic
substances.

10. FUNCTIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL FUNCTIONS OF OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH SERVICE - HEALTH SERVICE - CONT..CONT..
1. Pre-employment medical examination.
 

2. First Aid and emergency service.
 

3. Supervision of the work environment
for the control of dangerous substances
in the work environment.
 

4. Special periodic medical examination
particularly for the workers in dangerous
operations.
 

5. Health education for disseminating
information on specific hazards and risks
in the work environment.
 

11. 6. Special examination and surveillance of
health of women and children
7. Advising the employer or management for
improving working conditions, and
placement of hazards.
8. Monitoring of working environment for
assessment and control of hazards.
9. Supervision over sanitation, hygiene and
canteen facilities.
10. Liaison and cooperation with the safety
committees
FUNCTION OF HEALTH FUNCTION OF HEALTH
SERVICE - SERVICE - CONT..CONT..

12. FUNCTION OF HEALTH FUNCTION OF HEALTH
SERVICE - SERVICE - CONT..CONT..
10. Liaison and cooperation with the safety
committees
11. Maintenance of medical records for
medical check-up and follow-up for
maintaining health standards and also for
evaluation.
12. To carry out other parallel activities such
as nutrition programme, family planning,
social services recreation etc., Concerning
the health and welfare of the workers.

13. THE FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVENESS THE FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVENESS
OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
SERVICES:SERVICES:
1.The nature of industry; small, medium
or large and its location.
2.Existing infrastructure of health
services.
3.Trained manpower.
4.Workers involvement and employers
commitment.
5.Surveillance of the working environment
by means of epidemiological studies
and testing.

14. Components occupational Components occupational
health services – health services – CONT..CONT..
•Medical treatment, First aid treatment in
emergency.
•Health education, First aid education.
•Medical examination
•Pre employment examination
•Medical treatment, First aid treatment in
emergency.
•Health education, First aid education.
•Medical examination
Pre employment examination
Periodic medical examination
Special medical examination

15. . Health counseling
 
        
. Stress management
 
        
. Mental health
 
         
. And Physical health
. Rehabilitation programme
 
         
. Medical rehabilitation
 
          
. Social rehabilitation
 
          
. Educational rehabilitation
            . Vocational rehabilitation
Components occupational Components occupational
health services - health services - CONT.. CONT..

16. • Assessment of dusts pollution
• Assessment of noise pollution
• Assessment of vibration
• Assessment heat radiation
• Assessment of radiation
Components occupational Components occupational
health services – health services – CONT..CONT..

17. Supervision of the working environment
•Hazard identification
•Monitoring
•Evaluation
•Engineering project review
•Control measures
•Development of personal protective devices
Components occupational Components occupational
health services – health services – CONT..CONT..

18. . Family welfare program
. To take care of employee and
dependents
. Disaster management
. Health records maintenance
Components occupational Components occupational
health services – health services – CONT..CONT..

20. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE AND
TOXICOLOGY UNITTOXICOLOGY UNIT
•Air Quality Monitoring
•Air-borne particulate sampling
•Ambient noise measurement and control
•Ventilation testing
•Lighting evaluation
•Thermal stress evaluation
•Biological Monitoring of workers exposed
to lead, Manganese, Chromium and Nickel

21. OCCUPATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL
PHYSIOLOGY UNITPHYSIOLOGY UNIT
•Evaluation of occupational work
capacity
•Differential Diagnosis of exercise
induced cardio-pulmonary stress
•Disability Evaluation
•Evaluation of fitness for highly
demanding jobs

22. MEDITEL- A Radio Telemetry MEDITEL- A Radio Telemetry
(3- Channel) system(3- Channel) system
•Pulse Rate
•Body Temperature
•Energy Expenditure

23. PULMONARY PULMONARY
FUNCTION TESTSFUNCTION TESTS
•VITALOGRAPH S-MODEL
SPIROMETER (Total lung volume,
timed lung volume and flow lung
volume)
•WHOLE BODY PLETHYSMOGRAPH
(residual lung volume, total lung
capacity, air-way resistance, static
and dynamic compliance)

24. OCCUPATIONAL OCCUPATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY UNITPSYCHOLOGY UNIT
•Stress Management
•Job enrichment
•Executive skill development
•Organizational development
•Safety awareness system development
•Absenteeism control
•Job satisfaction
•Mental health survey
•And human relation

25. TOXICOLOGY TOXICOLOGY
LABORATORY UNITLABORATORY UNIT
•PHOTOELECTRIC COLORIMETER
•SPECTROPHOTOMETER
•ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER
•PLASMA EMISSION SPECTROMETER
•And GAS CHROMOTOGRAPHY

26. Work physiology & Work physiology &
Ergonomics Unit – Ergonomics Unit – CONT..CONT..
•Development of exercise program
•Study of vibration exposure
•Categorization of work load
•Determination of energy expenditure
•And design ergonomics (machinery,
equipment)

27. •Evaluation of occupational work
capacity
•Ergonomics analysis of work systems
•Work station design
•Development of pre employment job
fitness tests
•Job analysis
Work physiology & Work physiology &
Ergonomics Unit – Ergonomics Unit – CONT..CONT..

28. MORGAN EXERCISE MORGAN EXERCISE
TEST SYSTEMTEST SYSTEM
•TEST MONITOR UNIT
(E.C.G Monitor, Ventilation Monitor
and gas analyser)
•MAGNA 88 MICROCOMPUTER
•And a PRINTER with graphic
resolution

29. HEAT STRESS EVALUATIONHEAT STRESS EVALUATION
•Sling Psychrometer
•Kata Thermometer
•Hot Wire Anemometer
•WBGT index meter
•Dry Bulb thermometer
• Wet Bulb thermometer
• Globe thermometer
• Air velocity
• Physiological response to heat
• Humidity

30. APPLICATION OF HEAT APPLICATION OF HEAT
STRESS EVALUATIONSTRESS EVALUATION
•Heat stress index
•Predicted four hour sweat rate

31. NOISE LEVEL MEASUREMENTNOISE LEVEL MEASUREMENT
•Sound level meter
•Octave filter sets
•Personnel Noise Dose meter

32. ILLUMINATION & RADIATION ILLUMINATION & RADIATION
MEASUREMENTMEASUREMENT
•Lux meter
•UV digital meter
•Gamma Radiation Survey Meter

33. EVALUATION OF VIBRATIONEVALUATION OF VIBRATION
•Human Response Vibration MeterHuman Response Vibration Meter

34. EVALUATION OF ATMOSPHERIC EVALUATION OF ATMOSPHERIC
CONTAMINANTSCONTAMINANTS
•Personal air samplersPersonal air samplers
•Drager Multigas DetectorDrager Multigas Detector
•Drager PolymeterDrager Polymeter
•Drager CMS analyserDrager CMS analyser
•Real Time Aerosol MonitorReal Time Aerosol Monitor
•Gravimetric Dust SamplerGravimetric Dust Sampler
•Hexhlet air samplerHexhlet air sampler

35. GLOPAL STRATEGY FOR OCCUPATIONAL GLOPAL STRATEGY FOR OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH –CONT..HEALTH –CONT..
•Strengthening of international and national policies Strengthening of international and national policies
for health at work and development of policy toolsfor health at work and development of policy tools
•Developing healthy working environmentDeveloping healthy working environment
•Developing healthy work practices and promoting Developing healthy work practices and promoting
health at workhealth at work
•Strengthening occupational health servicesStrengthening occupational health services
•Establishing support services for occupational healthEstablishing support services for occupational health

36. •Developing occupational health standards based on Developing occupational health standards based on
scientific risk assessmentscientific risk assessment
•Developing human resources for occupational Developing human resources for occupational
healthhealth
•Establishing registration data system and raising Establishing registration data system and raising
public awareness through strengthened public public awareness through strengthened public
information systeminformation system
•Strengthening researchStrengthening research
•Developing collaboration in occupational health Developing collaboration in occupational health
services and organizationservices and organization
GLOPAL STRATEGY FOR OCCUPATIONAL GLOPAL STRATEGY FOR OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH HEALTH