occupational health hazards

it is about occupational diseases and their management

1. Occupational health hazards Rajeshwar reddy intern

2. DEFINITION CONTENTS

3. According to WHO & ILO “ The promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations – total health of all at work ” DEFINITION

4. RISK - the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard. HAZARD - any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work .

5. Physical Hazards Chemical Hazards Biological Hazards Mechanical Hazards Psychosocial Hazards OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS

6. HEAT COLD LIGHT NOISE VIBRATION RADIATION PHYSICAL FACTORS

7. CHEMICAL HAZARD PHYSICAL HAZARD BIOLOGICAL HAZARD ERGONOMIC HAZARD

8. HEAT causes heat stroke,cramps,burns,increased fatigue,decreased efficiency :

9. COLD : Chilblains,frost bite,immersion foot,cutaneous vasoconstricion,erythrocyanosis & hypothermia

10. Poor illumination leads to eye strain, headache,congesion around cornea & minor’s nystagmus . Excessive brightness leads to blurring of vision & visual fatigue. LIGHT:

11. Auditory effects: Temporary or permanent hearing loss. Non-auditory effects: Nervousness , fatigue & decreased efficiency of the worker. NOISE:

12. Causes white fingers(spasm of fine blood vessels of the hand),injuries of joints. VIBRATION:

13. UV radiation exposure causes welder’s flash(intense keratoconjuctivitis ),eye pain and lachrymation. Ionising radiation causes skin cancers , genetic changes and sterility . RADIATION:

14. LOCAL ACTION DUSTS INGESION CHEMICAL HAZARDS

15. Causes dermatitis,ulcers and eczema by primary irritant action. LOCAL ACTION:

16. Enters through inhalation and causes pneumoconiosis. DUSTS:

17. Causes abdominal colic , loss of apetite,anemia and constipation. INGESION:

18. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS: VIRUSES FUNGI BACTERIA PARASITES

19. Bacterial- leptospirosis,anthhrax,tuberculosis & tetanus. Viral- encephalitis & hepatitis A & E Parasitic- schistosomiasis & hydatidosis .

20. Machines and moving parts leads to accidents in the industries. MECHANICAL HAZARDS

21. Stress , aggressiveness , lack of job satisfaction , insecurity , poor human relations undermines both physical and mental health of the workers. PSYCHOSOCIAL HAZARDS

22. MAJOR OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

23. SILICOSIS ANTHRACOSIS BYSSANOSIS BAGGASOSIS ASBESTOSIS FARMER’S LUNG DISEASES PNEUMOCONIOSIS:

24. Occurance – mining ,pottery ,ceramic , metal grinding , iron & steel industry. Pathology-nodular fibrosis ranging from 3-4 mm mainly in the upper lobes. C/F-irritant cough ,dyspnea , chest pain & decreased lung capacity . SILICOSIS:

25. Occurrence-coal mines Pathology-fibrosis of the lung C/F-respiratory disability and ventilatory impairment ANTHRACOSIS:

26. Occurrence-spinning mills and textile industry. Pathology-chronic bronchitis and empysema . C/F- chronic cough and dyspnea BYSSANOSIS:

27. Occurrence-sugar cane industry . Organism- themoactinomycetes sachari Pathology-acute bronchiolitis& fibrosis of the lung. C/F- hemoptysis,cough and breathlessness. BAGGASOSIS:

28. Occrence -cement factories, fireproofs,break lining and roof tiling. Pathology-pulmonary fibrosis,carcinoma of bronchus and mesothelioma of lung. C/F-cough and dyspnea., sputum shows asbestos bodies. ASBESTOSIS:

29. Occure due to inhalation of hay or grain dust. Organism- micropolyspora faeni C/F-pulmonary fibrosis and cor pulmonale . FARMER’S LUNG DISEASE:

30. Occurrence-battery industries,ship building,printing & potteries,rubber industry & automobiles. Mode of absorption-inhalation ingesion absorption through skin C/F-abdominal colic,anemia,basophilic stipulation,blue line on gums,mental confusion and delirium. Diagnosis- coproporphyrin & aminolevulinic acid in urine and lead level in blood& urine. LEAD POISONING:

31. SKIN CANCER LUNG CANCER BLADDER CANCER LEUKEMIA OCCUPATIONAL CANCERS:

32. Human factors- age sex time experience psychological factors Environmental factors-noise poor illumination unsafe machines ACCIDENTS IN INDUSTRIES

33. PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES

34. 1.PRE-PLACEMENT EXAMINATION 2.PERIODICAL EXAMINATION 3.MEDICAL AND HEALTH CARE SERVICES 4.NOTIFICATION 5.MAINTENANCE & ANALYSIS OF RECORDS 6.HEALTH EDUCATION & COUNSELLING MEDICAL MEASURES:

35. 1.DESIGN OF BUILDING 2.GOOD HOUSE-KEEPING 3.GOOD VENTILATION 4.SUBSTITUTION 5.ISOLATION 6.LOCAL EXAUST VENTILATION 7.CONTROL OF DUSTS 8 .PROTECTIVE DEVICES ENGINEERING MEASURES:

36. Factories act(1948): Health,safety,welfare Employment of young Hours of work Leave with wages Notifible diseases Employment in hazardous area LEGISLATION:

37. MEDICAL BENEFIT SICKNESS BENEFIT MATERNITY BENEFIT DISABLEMENT BENEFIT DEPENDANT’S BENEFIT FUNERAL EXPENSES REHABITILATION E.S.I. ACT

38. REFERENECES: