occupational health.pptx 1.pptx and importance

health

1. DEFINITION OF OCCUPATIONALHEALTH Workplace health and safety( W HS). M ultidisciplinary field concerned with the safety, health, and welfare of people at work. C onsiders very specifically the effects of work on health. M aintain health of an individual, ability and fitness to perform a particular job.

2. AIM Prevent work-related illness, injury. Encourage safe working practices. Ergonomics (how you work and how you could work better). Monitoring the health of the workforce. Supporting the management of sickness absence.

3. PURPOSES To implement policies. Ensure health and safety compliance. Conduct pre-employment health assessments. Education programmes. Advice and counselling. Adjustments to work. Advice and counselling. Adjustments to work.

4. HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Identification and analysis of health and safety hazards at the work site. Measures to eliminate or reduce the risks. Management commitment, and written company policy. Worker competency and training.

5. Inspection program. Emergency response planning. Incident reporting. Investigation. Management system administration .

6. IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF HEALTH AND SAFETY HAZARDS AT THE WORK SITE Unhealthy or unsafe working conditions are not limited to factories. Workplace is indoors or outdoors. Agricultural workers or miners, the workplace is “outdoors” Both indoors or outdoors can pose many health and safety hazards. Contd…..

7. Poor working conditions affect the environment where workers live. Working and living environments are the same for many workers. Occupational hazards-(dusts,gases, noise, vibration,) produces harmful effects. Lack of attention given to work-related accidents and diseases.

8. ELIMINATE HAZARDS Effective health and safety programmes. Proper recognition, record-keeping and report of accident and disease. New chemicals and technologies affects the environment . 250 million occupational accidents occur every year worldwide. 335,000 accidents are fatal.

9. Management commitment W ork-related hazards. G overnment standards. M ust make health and safety priority. O bserve work procedures and equipment. L ines of responsibility from top to bottom need to be clear.

10. Worker competency and training Recognize early signs/symptoms of any potential occupational diseases. A ssess the work environment. I nsist the management make changes before hazardous conditions can develop.

11. Inspection, Emergency planning Labour Ministry formulates policies on occupational safety and health. Concerns-safety, health, efficiency and well - being of the persons. Conduct occupational safety surveys training programs. Emergency response planning is to work proactively .

12. Incident reporting and investigation Often difficult to determine. Latency period - may take years before the disease produces an effect. Changing jobs, or personal behaviours further increase the exposures. Trade union-ensure that work is made safer.

13. Management system administration Maintenance and promotion of workers’ health and working capacity. Conducive to safety and health. Support health and safety at work. Working culture to focus practice managerial systems, policy, participation, training and quality management.

14. Types of Occupational Health Hazards Physical Agents Heat – Exhaustion, Syncope, Cramps, burns, Prickly Cold – Frost bite. Light – Occupational Cataract, Illumination. Noise – Occupational deafness. Radiation –Leukemia, anemia. Electricity – Burns, Shocks.

15. Chemical Hazards Inhalation,ingestion and skin absorption. Metals – Lead, As, Hg, Co. Solutions – Benzene, Toluene, Phenol. Gases- Nitrogen, Ammonia, sulphur.

16. Biological Hazards • Bacteria – Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Anthrax, Brucellosis ,Gonorrhea. • Virus – Hepatitis, HIV.   Parasitic –Hookworms, Hydatid, tapeworms. • Fungi– Tinea-infections, Psittacosis, Coccidiomycosis, Ornithosis

17. Mechanical Hazards Injuries: Falls,cuts,abrasions, contusions. Ergonomic – Musculo-skeletal disorders, trauma. (Ergonomics –  Adjustment of Man & Machine. Tools which reduce the stresses, problems).

18. Psychosocial Hazards Lack of job satisfaction, insecurity, poor interpersonal relations, work pressure. Aggressiveness, anxiety, depression, alcoholism, sickness absenteeism, hypertension, headache, peptic ulcers, asthma, heart disorders.

19. Prevention of Hazards Good job safety,prevention practices Stay fit, reduce stress. Use the right protective equipment (PPE). Understand workplace health and safety issues.  

20. Control measures Elimination removing it completely. Substitution replacing. Engineering controls, Administrative controls & Personal protective equipment

21. Recognize health,safetyproblems  O bserve workplace. I nvestigate complaints. E xamine accident. E xamine sickness figures. U se simple surveys about the health. U se check lists inspect workplace. Understand the hazards

22. Changing practices When existing ones are dangerous for the health. Changing a piece of machinery ( e.g , using proper machine guards). Job rotation to limit number of hours in a hazardous area.

23. Using adequate PPE Ear and eye protection, Masks, Respirators, Protective clothing according to the exposure type.

24. Occupational medical screening Detect adverse health conditions at workplace. Effective control of occupational disease is by primary prevention Secondary prevention or treatment of the exposed. Medical observation will highlight the hazards - improve health & safety policies.    

25. Employees State Insurance Scheme Multidimensional social security to worker and dependants. Benefits- sickness, maternity , disablement and death due to employment injury. Medical care to workers and their immediate dependents. Road Transport, Hotels, Restaurants, Cinemas, Newspaper, Shops. Educational/Medical Institutions wherein 10 or more persons are employed.