occupational therapy 01.pptx

Occupational therapy

1. 𝐎𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐲

2. 𝗢𝗖𝗖𝗨𝗣𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗬 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 Occupational therapy can be described as the art & science of challenging an individual effort in specially selected activities that have been designed to restore and enhances his/her performances . Occupational therapy has been described as an active method of treatment with a profound psychological justification, the essence of OT lies in the use of activities of every description as an treatment medium with a minimum aim of improving the quality of life and maximum aim of complete rehabilitation which ever will improve the quality of life and where approximate, enhance rehabilitation remain the tool of the OT OT is a potent and uniquely valuable approach to health care that enables people to take control of their own lives & overcome their own disabilities.

3. 𝗗𝗘𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 Occupation has been variously defined as “any activity” which engages a persons resources of time and energy and is composed of skills and values Johnson defined occupation is “any goal directed activity ” meaningful to the individuals and providing feedback to him/her about his worth and values as an individual and about their inter relatedness to others. 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐲 is the application of goal oriented and purposeful activity in the assessment and treatment of individuals with psychological, physical or developmental disabilities.

4. 𝗔𝗜𝗠 𝗼𝗳 𝗢𝗧 The development of maximum functional independence in all aspects of living. specific aims of occupational therapy are 1.Promotion of recovery 2.mobilization of total assets of the patient 3.prevention of hospitalization 4.creation of good habits of work and leisure rehabilitation with return of self confidence.

5. 𝐌𝐚𝐣𝐨𝐫 𝐆𝐨𝐚𝐥𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐎𝐓 The main goal is to enable the patient to achieve a healthy balance of occupation through the development of skills that will allow him to function at a Level satisfactory to himself and others The sub goals are: 1.Assess the pt needs in term of the occupational role required of him. 2.Identify the skills needed to support those roles 3.To remove or minimize behavior that interfere with occupational performances. 4.Improves role performances.

6. Cont … 5.To assist the patient to develop, relearn or maintain skills to a level of competence that will allow satisfactory performance of OT. 6.Help The pt to perform outside the services settings at a level which will enable him to meet his needs in a way which is acceptable to himself and also to society.

7. 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐎𝐓 1. Any activity in which the pt engages should have as its objective a cure. 2.It should be interesting. 3.It should have a useful purpose other than merely to gain the pt attention and interest. 4.It should preferably ,lead to an increase in knowledge on the pt part 5.curative activity should be, preferably carried on with others , such as in a group.

8. 6.The OT should carefully study the pt and known his/her needs and attempt to meet as many as possible through activity. 7.The therapist should stop the pt in his/her work before reaching a point of fatigue. 8. Encouragement should genuinely given whenever indicated. 9.work is preferred over idleness , even when the end product of pt labor is of a poor quality or is useless.

9. 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐨𝐟 𝐎𝐓 1.Depression 2.chronic schizophrenia 3.Anxiety disorders 4.manic disorders 5.paranoid schizophrenia 6.catatonic schizophrenia 7.Antisocial personality 8.substance abuse 9.childhood psychiatric disorders

10. 𝐒𝐮𝐠𝐠𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐎𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 1.Aniety disorders: simple concrete tasks with not more than 3-4 steps (sweeping, washing, gardening) 2.Depressive disorders : simple concrete task which are achievable ( crafts) 3.Manic disorders: non competitive activities That allows the use of energy and expression of feelings ( racking grass) 4.Paranoid schizophrenia : Non competitive solitary meaningful task that require some degree of concentration ( puzzles, clay work) 5. Catatonic schizophrenia : Activities that enhances self esteem & creativeness( painting, leather works)

11. Cont …. 6.Antisocial personality : group activities to increase feelings of belongings & self worth( cover making, packing goods) 7.Substance abuse: Group activities in which patient uses his talents ( involve patient in planning social activities) 8. Childhood & adolescent disorders : (𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐝𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐬 playing story, and telling story, painting ,music , poetry etc ), 𝐀𝐝𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭 ( leather work, drawing, painting), 𝐌𝐑 cover making , candle making packing goods.

12. 𝐁𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐎𝐓 The main benefits of oT is mastering skills that help children & adults develop ,recover or maintain skills for daily living The goal of an O Therapist in OT is to help individuals lead independent productive and fulfilling lives

13. 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐨𝐟𝐎𝐓 1. 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 2.𝐓𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 & 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 3.𝐄𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

14. 1.𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 Physicians or other legally qualified professional request OT services for the client. Referral may be oral but a written record also necessary. Assessment is basic for all interventions & must be both thorough & valid in order to ensure that treatment is appropriate . Assessment in 2 stages 1.INITIAL Assessment: It is a screening process to determine the main problem area of the client & whether OT is required or not 2.DETAILED Assessment: once the client is accepted for treatment a detailed assessment is carried out to determine his needs assets interest & goals.

15. 2. Treatment The Therapist formulates primary treatment plan. It includes goals of treatment ,methods to be used , an individual programme & list of people who need to be informed about the programme . The treatment plan is put into practice and the client progress is continuously monitored. Regular reviews are held to evaluate the need for major programme changes. After the review the treatment plan is updated including the programme of activities.q

16. 3.Evaluation The circular process of OT is completed by the 3 stages. 1.Final treatment review 2.Evaluation of process 3.Review of model The final review of the client progress is used to reach decision about discharge or referral to other agencies Evaluation of the progress should go on throughout the OT. Changes are unlikely to occur at their level ,Evaluation and quality assurance methods are similar as to evaluate effectiveness of any interventions

17. 𝐎𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐲 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐬 Occupational therapy is the application of goal oriented ,purposeful activity in the assessment and treatment of individuals with psychological physical or developmental disabilities. 𝐀𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 &𝐓𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐦𝐚𝐲 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐝𝐞 1.independent living skills: self care or self maintenance. 2.Task oriented treatment using creative expressive modalities ,crafts, education, leisure time, play socialization & other role related activities 3.Prevocational & adjustment programme ,employment and academic preparations, home making , children's care, parenting

18. Cont …. 4. Sensory motor including neuromuscular & sensory integrative assessment & treatment. 5.Adaptation to physical environment and guidance in use of adaptive equipment's. 6.Therapeutic exercises to enhance functional performance 7. pt or family education and counselling 8. Discharge planning & community re entry.

19. 𝐎𝐓 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 & 𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 The services are provided to children's, adolescent, adults , elderly of all functional groups and diagnostic categories in institutional community based , partial hospitalization, residential treatment . The programmes are offered in Psychiatric hospital Nursing homes Psychosocial & rehabilitative centers Public & private schools Home of health agencies Community mental health centers, Day care centers , private practice or physician office , industry & business establishment etc..

20. OT in an inpatient unit OT programme usually consist of a wide range of both individuals and group experiences designed to meet the pt social, emotional, occupational needs based. On the abilities of pt ( activities like craft work, leather work, ceramic ,wood works) Beyond this there programmes offer assertiveness training. Daily living skills groups and current event groups ,art range activities including music art, clay work, providing ways of training people together and exploring the self Painting is used for a vehicle for self expression for chronic long stay psychiatric pts The therapeutic interventions are training for physical well being daily living skills, social activities, social skills training, creative activities, craft activities & industrial work

21. 𝐀𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐬 OT promote physical fitness: 1. relaxation training ; To turn off tension it includes physiological techniques, meditative techniques and hypnotic techniques. 2.Dance ; To become efficient and well co ordinated and to function more ably in his environment 3. Swimming ; To enable the physically handicapped to participate are freely as the able bodied 4.Yoga ; To increase conc ,stimulates interest & improves body awareness 5. walking, jogging, running ; To encourage people to explore their neighborhood & Opportunity to enjoy nature.

22. Physical advantages To improve coordination Improve general physical condition and increase cardiovascular fitness. Develop strength & improve posture gait. 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 :Improves mood &reduces anxiety Reduces the aggressive impulses Encourages independent personal care like dressing grooming especially in depression Provides opportunities for pt face challenges and overcome those as well as achieve success

23. 𝐓𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 Craft which are useful for developing conc ,creative thinking planning. Games puzzles for developing conc memory, problem solving skills. Art & poetry for developing creative thinking & imagination Play reading ,discussion to develop language skills concen , memory

24. 𝐑𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐎𝐓 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 1.Task activities: aims to improve daily living work or task performance skills 2.social activities: aimed to promote enjoyment , can be used as simple level of diversion by involving social contact & interaction 3.Activities involving communication &sharing: involves a group work like playing dramas with group

25. 𝐑𝐨𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚 𝐧𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐞 1.Observation: assessment of outcome of every individual past targeted or achieved events, check for improvement 2.Check any changes in symptoms ,mood behavior of patient during the OT 3 Teaches or The pt about social, coping skills to mentally disabled . 4 Encourage & stimulate pt throughout the OT 5.Collaborates with psychiatric team contributes the improvements