OFC Health and safety

OFC Health and safety

1. Optical Fiber Splicer Health and Safety
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12 HEALTH AND SAFETY
STRUCTURE
12.1 INTRODUCTION
12.2 OBJECTIVE
12.3 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
12.4 ALLIEDACTIVITIES
12.5 SUMMARY OF FIBRE HAN DLING SAFETY RULES
12.6 REFERENCES AND SUGGE STED FURTHER READING S
12.7 KEY LEARNING

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12.1 INTRODUCTION
When most people think of safety in fiber optic installations, the first thing that comes
to mind is eye damage from laser light in the fiber. They have an image of a laser burning
holes in metal or perhaps burning off warts. While these images may be real for their
applications, they have little relevance to most types of fiber optic communications. Eye
safety is an issue, but usually not from light in the fiber. However, fiber optics installation is
not without risks.
12.2 OBJECTIVE
After reading this unit, you should be able to understand:
 Different safety precautions
 Eye safety
 Bare fiber safety
 General Health and safety rules
12.3 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
12.3.1 EYE SAFETY
Safety glasses MUST be worn at all times during splicing work is performed on a
fibre cable. The biggest hazard when working with fibre optics is small and sharp shards of
the fibre produced when stripping or cleaving the cable.
12.3.2 BARE FIBER SAFETY
The broken ends of fibers and scraps of fiber created during termination and splicing
can be extremely dangerous. The ends are extremely sharp and can easily penetrate your skin.
They invariably break off and are very hard to find and remove. Sometimes a pair of tweezers
and perhaps a magnifying glass will get them out. Most of the time, you have to wait to let
them infect and work themselves out, which can be painful!
Be careful when handling fibers to not stick the broken ends into your fingers.

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Dispose of all scraps properly. Some people keep a piece of double stick tape on the bench to
stick fiber scraps onto. Prefer to use a dedicated container for all fiber scraps. In our training
programs, we use the same paper containers used for takeout at the deli, in the pint size, with
a lid. We put all the scraps in the container, then when finished, put on the lid, tape it and
dispose of it later. Do not drop fiber scraps on the floor where they will stick in carpets or
shoes and be carried elsewhere-like home!
Obviously do not eat or drink anywhere near the work area. Fiber scraps can get into
food or drink and be swallowed. The scraps can imbed themselves in you digestive system
and never be found. Doesn't sound too appetizing, does it?!
12.3.3 MATERIALS SAFETY
Fiber splicing and termination processes require various chemical cleaners and
adhesives. The safety instructions defined for this substance should also be followed. If there
is confusion in usage of these products, ask the manufacturer for MSDS (Material Safety
Data Sheet). Remember the following instructions while working with materials.
 Always work in well-ventilated areas
 Avoid skin contact to materials involved as much as possible
 Avoid using chemicals that cause allergic reactions.
Even simple isopropyl alcohol, used as a cleaner flammable and should be handle
appropriately.
Hexane Iso-Propanol
Type of
Exposure
Effect of
exposure
Emergency
Treatment
Effect of
exposure
Emergency
Treatment
Inhalation Irritation of
respiratory tract,
cough
Maintain
Respiration, Bed
rest
Irritation of
upper
respiratory tract
Remove victim to
fresh air area
Administer artificial
respiration if
breathing is regular

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Ingestion Nausea, Vomiting
Headache
Do not induce
vomiting,
immediately seek,
medical advice.
Drunkenness &
vomiting
Have a victim drink
water and milk,
seek medical aid
Contact
with skin
Irritation Wipe of affected
area of skin &
wash with soap &
water
Harmless to skin Wipe of affected
area of skin & wash
with soap & water
Contact
with eyes
Irritation Wash eyes with
plenty of water
for 15 minutes
Irritation Wash eyes with
plenty of water for
15 minutes
12.3.4 FIRE SAFETY
The fusion splices use an electric spark to make splice, so ensure that there are no
flammable gases in the space where fusion splicing is done.
 Splicing should never be done in places manholes where gases can accumulate.
 The cables are brought up to the surface into a splicing trailer where all fiber work is
done. So the splicing trailer is temperature-controlled and kept spotlessly clean to
ensure good splicing.
 Smoking should not be allowed around fiber optic work. The ashes from smoking can
contribute to the dust problems in fibers, apart from the drainage of explosion posed
by them due to presence of combustible substances.
12.3.5 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS W HEN EXCAVATING OR WO RKING IN
EXCAVATIONS CLOSE TO ELECTRIC CABLES
The Engineer- in-charge of the work should get full information from Electricity
under taking regarding any electric cables, which are known or suspected to exist near the
proposed excavation and unless this is done, excavation should not be carried out in the
section concerned. The electricity undertaking should be asked to send a representative and
work should be preceded with close consultation with them.

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Only wooden handled hand tools should be used until the electric cables have been
completely exposed. Power Cables, not laid in conduits, are usually protected from above by
a cover slab of concrete, brick or stone. They may or may not be protected on the sides. It is
safer, therefore, always to drive the point of the pickaxe downwards then uncovering a cable,
so that there is less chance of missing such warning slabs. No workman should be permitted
to work alone where there are electric cables involved. At least one more man should be
working near by so that help can be given quickly in case of an accident. If disconnection of
power could be arranged in that section it will be better. No electric cables shall be moved or
altered without the consent of the Electric Authority and they should be contacted to do the
needful. If an electric cable is damaged even slightly, it should be reported to the Electric
Authority and any warning bricks disturbed during excavation should be replaced while back
filling the trench. Before driving a spike into the ground, the presence of other underground
properties should be checked. Information on plans regarding the location of power cables
need not to be assumed as wholly accurate. Full precautions should be taken in the vicinity
until the power cable is uncovered. All electric cables should be regarded as being live and
consequently dangerous. Any power is generally dangerous, even low voltage proving fatal in
several cases.
12.3.6 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS W HILE WORKING IN PUBLIC STREET AND
ALONG RAILWAY LINES:
Where a road or footpath is to be opened up in the course of work, special care should
be taken to see that proper protection is provided to prevent any accidents from occurring.
Excavation work should be done in such a manner that it will not unduly cause inconvenience
to pedestrians or occupants of buildings or obstruct road traffic. Suitable bridges over open
trenches should be so planned that these are required for the minimum possible time. Where
bridges are constructed to accommodate vehicular traffic and is done near or on railway
property, it should be with the full consent and knowledge of the competent railway
authorities.
12.3.7 DANGER FROM FALLING MATERIAL
Care should be taken to see that apparatus, tools or other excavating implements or
excavated materials are not left in a dangerous or insecure position so as to fall or be knocked
into the trench thereby injuring any workman who may be working inside the trench.

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12.3.8 CARE WHEN WORKING IN EXCAVATIONS
Jumping into a trench is dangerous. If it is deep, workmen should be encouraged to
lower themselves. Workers should work at safe distance so as to avoid striking each other
accidentally with tools. If the walls of the trench contain glass bits, corroded wire or sharp
objects they should be removed carefully. If an obstruction is encountered, it should be
carefully uncovered and protected if necessary. If an obstruction is encountered, it should be
carefully uncovered and protected if necessary. Care must be taken to see that excavated
material is not left in such a position that it is likely to cause any accident or obstruction to a
roadway or waterway. If possible the excavated material should be put between the workmen
and the traffic without encroaching too much on the road.
12.3.9 DANGER OF CAVE IN
When working in deep trenches in loose soil, timbering up/shoring the sides will
prevent soil subsidence. The excavated material should be kept at sufficient distance from the
edge of the trench or pit. Vehicles or heavy equipment must not be permitted to approach too
close to the excavation.
When making tunneled opening, it should be ensured that the soil is compact enough
to prevent cave in even under adverse conditions of traffic. Extra care should be taken while
excavating near the foundations of buildings or retaining walls. In such cases, excavation
should be done gradually and as far as possible in the presence of the owners of the property.
12.3.10 PROTECTION OF EXCAVA TIONS :
Excavations in populated areas, which are not likely to be filled up on the same day
should be protected by barriers or other effective means of preventing accidents and the
location of all such openings must in any event be indicated by red flags or other suitable
warning signs. During the hours from dusk to dawn, adequate number of red warning lamps
should be displayed. Supervisory officers should ensure that all excavations are adequately
protected in this manner as serious risk and responsibility is involved. Notwithstanding
adoption of the above mentioned precautions, works involving excavations should be so
arranged as to keep the extent of opened ground and the time to open it to a minimum.

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12.3.11 PRECAUTIONS WHILE WO RKING ON ROADS
The period between half an hour after sun-set and half an hour before sunrise, and any
period of fog or abnormal darkness may also be considered as night for the purpose of these
instructions, for the purpose of providing the warning signs.
Excavation liable to cause danger to vehicles or the public must at all times be
protected with fencing of rope tied to strong uprights or bamboo poles at a suitable height or
by some other effective means. Any such temporary erection which is likely to cause
obstructions and which is not readily visible should be marked by posts carrying red flags or
boards with a red background by day and by continuously lighted lamps at night.
The flags and the lamps should be placed in conspicuous positions so as to indicate
the pedestrians and drivers of vehicles the full expanse i.e. both width and length of the
obstruction. The distance between lamps or between floors should not generally exceed 1.25
m along the width and 6m along length of the obstruction in non-congested areas, but 4
meters along the length in congested areas.
If the excavation is extensive, sufficient notice to give adequate warning of the danger
should be displayed consciously not less than 1.25 m above the ground and close to the
excavation. Where any excavation is not clearly visible for a distance of 25m to traffic
approaching from any direction or any part of the carriage way of the road in which the
excavation exists, a warning notice should be placed on the kerb or edge of all such roads
from which the excavation or as near the distance as is practicable but not less than 10 m
from the junction of an entering or intersecting road in which the excavation exists. All
warnings, in these should have a red background and should be clearly visible and legible.
All warning lamps should exhibit a red light, but white lights may be used in addition to
facilitate working at night. Wherever required a passage for pedestrians with foot bridge
should be provided. At excavations, cable drums, tools and all materials likely to offer
obstructions should be properly folded round and protected. This applies to jointer’s tents as
well. Leads, hoses etc. stretched and across the carriage way should be guarded adequately
for their own protection and also that of the public.

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12.3.12 TRAFFIC CONTROL
The police authorities are normally responsible for the control of traffic and may
require the setting up of traffic controls to reduce the inconvenience occasioned by
establishment of a single line of traffic due to restriction in road width or any other form of
obstruction caused by the work. As far as possible, such arrangements should be settled in
advance. If there are any specific regulations imposed by the local authorities, these should be
followed.
12.3.13 WORK ALONG RAILWAY L INES
Normally all works at Railway crossing is to be done under supervision of the railway
authorities concerned, but it is to be borne in mind that use of white, red or green flags by the
Departmental staff is positively forbidden to be used when working along a railway line as
this practice may cause an accident through engine drivers mistaking them for railway
signals. When working along a double line of railway, the men should be warned to keep a
sharp look on both the “UP” and ‘DOWN” lines to avoid the possibility of any accident when
trains pass or happen to cross one another near the work spot.
12.3.14 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS F OR USE OF EXPLOSIVES DURING
BLASTING FOR TRENCHING:
In areas where the cable trench cannot be done manually on account of boulders and
rocks, it is necessary to blast the rocks by using suitable explosives. The quality of explosive
to be used depends on the nature of the rocks and the kind of boulders. A few types of
explosive fuses and detonators normally used for making trenches for cable works are
detailed below:
 Gun powder
 Nitrate Mixture
 Gilatine
 Safety fuse
 Electric Detonator

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 Ordinary Detonator
A detailed survey of the route is to be done to assess the length of the section where
trenching is to be done with the help of blasting. A route diagram of the rocky section may be
prepared indicating the length of the route where the explosives are to be used. For the
purpose of obtaining license, a longer length of route should be given in the application as in
many cases, after digging; rocks appear which was not initially anticipated.
Next a license will have to be obtained for use and storing of explosive in that section.
If the area falls under a police commissioner, the authority for granting such license is the
police commissioner of the concerned area. When the route does not fall in the jurisdiction of
a police commissioner, the authority for issuing license is the District Magistrate.
The concerned authority should be applied in prescribed form with a route map. The
concerned authority will make an enquiry and issue license for using/storing explosives for
cables trenching work. The license should be got renewed if the blasting operation needs to
be extended. Once the license is granted, it is the responsibility of the holders of the license
for the proper use of explosives, its transportation and storing.
12.3.15 PRECAUTIONS DURING T HUNDER-STORM
When a thunder- storm appears to be imminent in the vicinity of a magazine or store
house every person engaged in or around such magazine and store house shall be withdrawn
to a safe distance from such magazine or store house and the magazine and store house shall
be kept closed and locked until the thunder storm has ceased or the threat of it has passed.
12.3.16 MAINTENANCE OF RECORDS
Every person holding a license granted under these rules for possession, sale or use of
explosives shall maintain records in the prescribed form and shall produce such record on
demand to an Inspection Officer.
12.3.17 PRECAUTIONS TO BE OB SERVED AT SITE
The electric power at the blasting site shall be discontinued as far as practicable
before charging the explosives. No work other than that associated with the charging

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operations shall be carried out within 10 meters of the holes unless otherwise specified to the
contrary by the licensing authority.
When charging is completed, any surplus explosive detonators and fuses shall be
removed from the vicinity of the hole and stored at a distance which should prevent
accidental detonation in the event of a charge detonating prematurely in any hole. The holes
which have been charged with explosive shall not be left unattended till the blasting is
completed. Care shall be taken to ensure that fuse or wires connected to the detonation are
not damaged during the placing of stemming materials and tamping.
12.3.18 SUITABLE WARNING PRO CEDURE TO BE MAINTAI NED
The licensee or a person appointed by the licensee to be in charge of the use of
explosives at the site shall lay down a clear warning procedure consisting of warning signs
and suitable signals and all persons employed in the area shall be made fully conversant with
such signs and signals.
12.4 ALLIEDACTIVITIES
12.4.1 TRANSPORTATION OF MATERIALS:
The materials required for executing the work entrusted to the contractors against a
work order shall be made available at Project Store Depot. In some cases the materials may
be available at sub divisional store godown. The contractor shall be responsible for
transporting the materials, to be supplied by the BBNL or otherwise to execute the work
under the contract, to site at his/ their own cost. The costs of transportation are subsumed in
the standard Schedule Rates and therefore no separate charges are payable on this account.
12.4.2 DISPOSAL OF EMPTY CA BLE DRUMS:
The contractor shall be responsible to dispose of the empty cable drums after laying of
the cables. The cost of various sizes of empty cable drums recoverable from the contractor
has been fixed taking into account the prevailing market rates as mentioned in this document.
It shall be obligatory on part of the contractor to dispose of the empty cable drums at
his/their level and the amount fixed for various empty cable drums shall be recovered from

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the bill for the work for which the drum (s) was/were issued or from any other amount due to
the contractor or the Security Deposit.
The contractor shall not be allowed to dump the empty cable drums in Govt./Public
place which may cause inconvenience to the BSNL / public.
12.4.3 SUPPLY OF MATERIALS:
There are some materials required to be supplied by the contractor for execution of
work under this contract like Bricks, Cement, Wire Mesh and Steel for protection, etc.,
besides using other consumables which do/don’t become the part of the asset. The contractor
shall ensure that the materials supplied are of best quality and workmanship and shall be
strictly in a accordance with the specifications.
12.4.4 SOCIAL AUDITING:
While carrying out the execution work of cable/Eqpt. in rural areas,
photography/videography may be carried out on sample basis for duration of 15 to 30
minutes per Gram Panchayat which may also involve the local people of the Gram
Panchayats and villages including the Gram Panchayat Pradhan (If possible) and same may
be submitted in a form of CD along with the documentation sets for information.
12.5 SUMMARY OF FIBRE HAN DLING SAFETY RULES
 Keep all food and beverages out of the work area. If fiber particles are ingested they
can cause internal hemorrhaging.
 Always wear safety glasses with side shields to protect your eyes from fiber shards or
splinters. Treat fiber optic splinters the same as you would treat glass splinters.
 Keep track of all fiber and cable scraps and dispose of them properly. If available,
work on black work mats and wear disposable lab aprons to minimize fiber particles
on your clothing. Fiber particles on your clothing can later get into food, drinks,
and/or be ingested by other means.
 Never look directly into the end of fiber cables – especially with a microscope – until
you are positive that there is no light source at the other end – having tested it with a

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power meter. Use a fiber optic power meter to make certain the fiber is dark. When
using an optical tracer or continuity checker, look at the fiber from an angle at least 6
inches away from your eye to determine if the visible light is present.
 Contact lens wearers must not handle their lenses until they have thoroughly washed
their hands.
 Do not touch your eyes while working with fiber optic systems until your hands have
been thoroughly washed.
 Ensure that Personal protection equipments like helmets, knee pads, safety boots,
safety glasses and trench guards are appropriately used as required
 Only work in well-ventilated areas.
 Keep all combustible materials safely away from the curing ovens and fusion splicers.
 When finished with the lab, dispose of all scraps properly. Put all fiber scraps in a
properly marked container for disposal.
 Thoroughly clean your work area when you are done.
12.6 REFERENCES AND SUGGE STED FURTHER READING S
 ITU-T manual on OF installation
 EI of BSNL
 EI on underground OF cable laying works by BBNL
 Fiber Optics Technician's Manual
 Understanding optical communication by Dutton
 Planning Fiber Optic Networks by Bob Chomycz
 www.timbercon.com
 http://www.ofsoptics.com
 http://www.thefoa.org/
 http://www.corning.com

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 http://www.fiber-optics.info
 http://www.rp-photonics.com
 http://www.occfiber.com and other websites
12.7 KEY LEARNING
Qu.1 Fill in the blanks
1. While using chemical cleaner follow the instruction of ………………………………….
2. Full form of MSDS is
………………………………………………… …………………………………………
3. ……………………….. must be worn at all times during splicing work is performed on
a fibre cable.
4. When finished with the lab, dispose of all …………………………………properly.
Qu.2 State True or False
1. The broken ends of fibers and scraps of fiber created during termination and splicing
can be extremely dangerous.
2. There are no flammable gases in the space where fusion splicing is done.
3. Smoking should be allowed around fiber optic work.
4. A license will have to be obtained for use and storing of explosive in that section.
5. Keep all food and beverages out of the work area.
6. Put all fiber scraps in a properly marked container for disposal.
7. Always look directly into the end of fiber cables.
8. Always wear safety glasses with side shields to protect your eyes from fiber shards or
splinters.
Notes:
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