Open Access Initiatives

PPT DISCUSSED OPEN ACCESS INITIATIVES

1. Open A ccess I ntiatives Dr.Ningappa.N.Arabagonda Selection Grade librarian Govt First Grade College, BYADAGI-581106

2. INTRODUCTION An old tradition and a new technology have converged to make possible an unprecedented public good. The old tradition is the willingness of scientists and scholars to publish the fruits of their research in scholarly journals without payment, for the sake of inquiry and knowledge. The new technology is the internet. The public good they make possible is the world-wide electronic distribution of the peer-reviewed journal literature and completely free and unrestricted access to it by all scientists, scholars, teachers, students, and other curious minds.

3. Important developments to be noted in this regard are the Budapest Open Access Initiative of 2002, Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities of 2003, Bethesda Statement on  Open Access Publishing  of 2003, and the Salvador Declaration on Open Access of 2005 . All these developments have focussed on the role that  Open Access initiative. Participants from all around the world, representing researchers, publishers, universities, libraries, journals, institutions, learned societies, and other related  Open Access initiatives  attended these meetings to examine the issues surrounding Open Access movement. They discussed many points of view on the most affordable and effective policies to implement the Open Access movement across the scientific world. They also explored the different strategies to unite all Open Access initiatives under one roof and work together to achieve faster, in-depth success. Finally, they also discussed how to efficiently use resources that aid in the transition to Open Access and make  Open Access publishing  economically self-sustaining .

4. The Open Access initiative has also been supported by UNESCO for the benefit of global science and the progress of mankind. A clear mandate has been given by UNESCO, stating that UNESCO should 'maintain, increase and diffuse knowledge, by assuring the conservation and protection of the world's inheritance of books, works of art and monuments of history and science. In this regard, OMICS publishing group, an  Open Access publication  model strongly supports the Open Access initiative and the Bethesda Statement on Open Access publishing. Abstracts and full texts (HTML, XML and PDF format) of all articles published by OMICS publishing group are freely accessible to everyone immediately after publication.

5. DEFINITATION By "open access" to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles , pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution , and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.

6. Budapest Open Access Initiative In response to the growing demand to make research free and available to anyone with a computer and an internet connection, a diverse coalition has issued  new guidelines  that could usher in huge advances in the sciences, medicine, and health. The recommendations were developed by  leaders of the Open Access movement , which has worked for the past decade to provide the public with unrestricted, free access to scholarly research—much of which is publicly funded. Making the research publicly available to everyone—free of charge and without most copyright and licensing restrictions—will accelerate scientific research efforts and allow authors to reach a larger number of readers.

7. The recommendations are the result of a meeting organized by the Open Society Foundations to mark the  tenth anniversary  of  Budapest Open Access Initiative , which first defined Open Access. The recommendations include the development of Open Access policies in institutions of higher education and in funding agencies, the open licensing of scholarly works, the development of infrastructure such as Open Access repositories and creating standards of professional conduct for Open Access publishing. The recommendations also establish a new goal of achieving Open Access as the default method for distributing new peer-reviewed research in every field and in every country within ten years time .

8. Is Open A ccess C ompatible W ith C opyright ? The short answer is that copyright law gives the copyright holder the right to make access open or restricted, and the BOAI seeks to put copyright in the hands of authors or institutions that will consent to make access open. The long answer depends on whether we are talking about  self-archiving or open access journals

9. Self - Archiving Authors of preprints hold the copyright to them and may post them to open access archives with no copyright problems whatever. If the preprint is later accepted for publication in a journal that requires authors to transfer copyright to the publisher, then the journal may or may not give permission for the refereed postprint to be posted to an open access archive. If permission is granted, then again there is no copyright problem. If permission is denied, then the preprint may remain in the open access archive because it is a different work from the postprint and the author never transferred the copyright on the preprint. Moreover, the author may post to the archive a list of corrigenda, or differences between the preprint and postprint . This is not quite as convenient for readers as seeing the whole postprint online, but it provides them with the equivalent of the full text of the postprint and is infinitely more useful than no free access at all.

10. Journals Open access journals will either let authors retain copyright or ask authors to transfer copyright to the publisher. In either case, the copyright holder will consent to open access for the published work. When the publisher holds the copyright, it will consent to open access directly. When authors hold the copyright, they will insure open access by signing a license to the publisher authorizing open access. Publishers of open-access journals will have such licenses already prepared for authors. There are many ways to write such a license. For example, see  the licence  written by the Public Library of Science .

11. I would like to launch a new open-access journal. How do I do it? Launching an open-access journal has much in common with launching a print journal. Apart from the people and the funding, there is the niche to fill, its size, its coverage by other journals, and the risk of failing to attract enough authors or readers. But if you have decided to move forward, and have competent, experienced, and energetic people ready to serve as editor and editorial board, and committed to open access, then you should examine the  software packages  available to automate most of the tasks of operating an online journal. Some offer a turn-key solution. For more specific and detailed help, see the links and advice collected on the following web pages (alphabetical by sponsoring organization ).

12. Availability of Scientific Publications Taking Your Journal Online , from the  Canadian Association of Learned Journals Publishing Support Initiatives , from the  International Network for the Electronic Publishing:  Guide to Best Practices for Canadian Publishers , from the  National Library of Canada Guide to Business Planning for Launching a New Open Access Journal , from the  Open Society Institute Gaining Independence:  A Manual for Planning the Launch of a Nonprofit Electronic Publishing Venture , from  SPARC . Tools and Resources for Online Journal Editing and Publishing , from the  University of Nevada at Reno Libraries .

13. The 13 original signatories of the BudapestOpen Access Initiative included some of the world's early leaders in the open access movement:  Leslie Chan  of  Bioline International ;  Darius Cuplinskas ,  Melissa Hagemann ,  Rima Kupryte  and  István Rév  of  Open Society Institute ;  Michael Eisen  of the  Public Library of Science ;  Fred Friend  of the  University College London ;  Yana Genova  of  Next Page Foundation ;  Jean-Claude Guédon  of the  Université de Montréal  and  Open Society Institute ;  Stevan Harnad  of the  University of Southampton / Université du Québec à Montréal ; Rick Johnson [ disambiguation needed ]  of the  Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition  (SPARC);  Manfredi La Manna  of the  Electronic Society for Social Scientists ;  Monika Segbert , Electronic Information for Libraries  ( eIFL.net ) Project consultant;  Sidnei de Souza , Informatics Director at  CRIA ,  Bioline International ;  Peter Suber , Professor of Philosophy,  Earlham College   and The Free Online Scholarship Newsletter ;  Jan Velterop  of  BioMed Central .

14. FUNDING The initiative was sponsored with a USD $3 million grant from the  Soros Foundation .

15. http://www.mysciencework.com/en/ Scientific network Scientific publications MyScienceNews MyScienceWork is a scientific social network for the dissemination of scientific knowledge in open access . Advanced search Login | Register JOIN THE WORLD SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY MSW IN 5 KEY WORDS MULTIDISCIPLINARY…

16. MY SCIENCE WORK COVERAGE Anthropology Archaeology Astronomy Biology Chemistry Communication Computer Science Criminology Design Earth Science Ecology Economics Education Engineering Geography History Law Linguistics Literature Logic Mathematics Medicine Musicology Pharmacology Philosophy Physics Political Science Psychology Religious Science Social Sciences

17. LANGUAGES Chinese English French German Hindi Italian Japanese Korean Russian Spanish

18. DOAJ covered Journals Covered 01. Agriculture & Food Sciences- 205 02. Arts and Architecture- 95 03. Biology and Life Sciences- 384 04. Business and Economics- 141 05. Chemistry- 83 06. Earth and Environmental Sciences- 256 07. General Works- 51 08. Health Sciences- 1070

19. 09 . History and Archaeology- 135 10. Languages and Literatures- 228 11. Law and Political Science- 161 12. Mathematics and Statistics- 150 13. Philosophy and Religion- 141 14. Physics and Astronomy- 84 15. Science (General)- 41 16. Social Sciences- 835 17. Technology and Engineering- 340 Grand Total: 4,430 Source: http//www.doaj.org

20. Open J-Gate The Open J-Gate (OJ) was started by Informatics (India) Limited, Bangalore and developed in to a largest database for OA Journals. It was started as a database tool and E-Journal gateway for searching and accessing articles online available Journals. Currently, J-Gate indexes articles from more than 16,000 English language journals, out of which over 10,000 are in scholarly domain. As on today, J-Gate covers 4,230 OA Journals covering both scholarly and popular Journals from 2001 onwards.

21. Salient Features The salient features of OJ are mentioned below: It is a subscription product, which restricts access to OA Journals. Indexes articles from 4,230 academic, research and industry Journals in English language. The number of 1 million is increasing by adding more than 3,00,000 new articles being added every year. Full text links are regularly validated. Updated almost daily. Journals are classified in a hierarchical system to provide for better relevancy in search results. Users can browse Table of Contents both from archieve as well as current titles. Database allows Quick search. Advanced search and Browse by Journal .

22. Subject coverage The broad subjects covered under JGate and approximate number of Journals covered under each of the subjects are shown below 01 Agriculture and Biological Sciences 618 02 Art and Humanities 821 03 Basic Sciences 1,151 04 Biomedical Sciences 1,480 05 Engineering and Technology 1,228 06 Library and Information Science 71 07 Social and Management Sciences 1,242 Total: 6,611

23. By using J-Gate facility, users can browse the Table of Contents (TOC) of latest issues and also back issues. Statistics of available Journals in TOC and Articles for browsing are shown below Sl. No. Subject No. of Journals in TOC No. of Articles 01 Basic Sciences 6,740 6,679,047 02 Engineering and Technology 5,332 4,206,294 03 Social and Management Sciences 5,796 2,599,099 04 Arts and Humanities 3,169 980,568 05 Agricultural and Biological Sciences 3,580 3,803,473 06 Biomedical Sciences 6,816 6,103,872 07 Library and Information Science 219 63,562 Total: 31,652 24,435,915

24. Analysis & interpretations S.N. Facilities DOAJ OJ 01 Type of Portal Free Subscription based 02 Searchable up to Article level free-of-cost Abstract level free-of-cost 03 No. of Subject areas covered 8 7 04 No. of Journals listed 3,569 4,350 05 Covering of Popular and Trade-press Journals No Yes 06 Peer-reviewed Journals 3,569 2,200 07 Journals from which articles are indexed 1,225 4,350 08 No. of Articles indexed 199,325 1,232,000

25. With help of above mentioned data, following interpretations are made: Both DOAJ and OJ are OA Portals. DOAJ is a free Portal and OJ is a Subscription based one. Subject areas covered are almost same in both Portals except addition of Library and Information Science in OJ. Number of Journals listed are slightly high in case of OJ when compare to DOAJ. Peer-reviewed Journals are more in DOAJ when compare to OJ. Number of Journals covered for indexing are very high in OJ when compare to DOAJ. Number of Articles indexed are very high in OJ when compare to DOAJ. Popular and Trade-press Journals are covered by OJ but not by DOAJ. In view of the above, it is suggested that any Library for that matter, may start using DOAJ at first, as it is a free Portal. After utilizing it fully, then may consider to subscribe to Portals such as OJ, if financial Provisions permit for the same.

26. Indian Open Access Journals S.N Publisher No. of titles URL 01 Indian Academy of Science 11 www.ias.ac.in 02 Indian National Science Academy 04 www.iasa.ac.in 03 Indian Medicals Center of NIC 39 http://www.in.sa.ac.in 04 Medknow Publications 45 www.medknow.com 05 Indian Journals.com 12 www.ind.jol.com

27. Open Access Publishers A selected list of Open Access Publishers is given below: Bentham Open Access. BioMed Central. Hindawi (98 full open access STM journals). Indian Academy of Sciences. Ivyspring International Publisher. Libertas Academica (60+fully open access journals, mainly biological sciences and clinical medicine). Medknow Publications (Publishers of Biomedical Journal from India). MDPI (Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI), Basel, Switzerland) (Some journals content only open access). Public Library of Science. Scholarly E xchange . Istituto Italiano di Antropologia .

28. CONCLUSION It is impossible for any individual or any Library to subscribe to all the Journals relevant to their subject interest, due to mushrooming number of Journals and their high cost. Hence, it is obvious to find alternative sources for Journals which are free or cost effective. To this effect, the latest development of Open Access Source Journals facility seems to be an alternative, which may satisfy the interests of the users, at least to some extent. All the Libraries should tap the potential of all the Open Sources of Journals to the optimum extent. Afterwards, may go for subscribing to other relevant Journals which the Open Sources does not cover

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