Operating systems types, spooling and buffering

THIS PPT IS MADE BY STUDENTS OF GIOE. THE PROJECT GIVEN TO US WAS REGARDING OPERATING SYSTEM AND THEIR TYPES ALONG WITH SPOOLING AND BUFFERING. THERE ARE MAIN POINTS ABOUT SPOOLING AND BUFFERING AND ALSO COVERS KEY DIFFERENCES. HOPE THIS INFORMATION IS USEFUL.
THANKS
HITAARTH JAINN

1. 1 PAGE
OPERATING SYSTEMS
AND SYSTEMS
PROGRAMMING
-BY 3
RD
YEAR CP-2 BEARING PIN FROM 219
TO 225

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An operating system is the  most important software  that runs on a
computer. It manages the
computer's  memory and processes, as well as all of
its software and hardware. It also allows you
to communicate with the computer without knowing how
to speak the computer's language.  Without an operating system, a
computer is useless. Your computer's  operating system (OS) manages
all of the  software and hardware on the computer. Most of
the time, there are several different computer
programs running at the same time, and they all
need to access your computer's  central processing unit
(CPU), memory, and  storage. The operating system
coordinates all of this to make sure each program
gets what it needs.
WHAT ARE OPERATING SYSTEMS ?

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Operating systems usually come  pre-loaded on any
computer you buy. Most people use the operating
system that comes with their computer, but it's
possible to upgrade or even change operating
systems. The three most common operating systems
for personal computers are  Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X,
and Linux.
Modern operating systems use a  graphical user interface,
or GUI (pronounced  gooey). A GUI lets you use your
mouse to click  icons, buttons, and menus, and everything is
clearly displayed on the screen using a combination
of graphics and text. Each operating system's GUI has a
different look and feel, so if you switch to a
different operating system it may seem unfamiliar at
first. However, modern operating systems are
designed to be  easy to use, and most of the basic
principles are the same.
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS

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Microsoft created the  Windows operating system in the mid-
1980s. Over the years, there have been many different
versions of Windows, but the most recent ones are  Windows
10 (released in 2015),  Windows 8 (2012),  Windows 7 (2009),
and Windows Vista (2007). Windows comes  pre-loaded on most new
PCs, which helps to make it the  most popular operating system in the
world. The  Windows directory  is the directory that contains
Windows-based applications, initialization files, and help
files.
The GetWindowsDirectory function retrieves the path to this
directory.
The system directory  is the directory that contains
dynamic-link libraries, drivers, and font files.
The GetSystemDirectory function retrieves the path to this
directory.
The GetUserName function retrieves the name of the user
currently logged onto the system. The user name is
either the logon name or the user's full name, if the
latter is included in the registry.

An environment
variable  is a symbolic variable that represents some
element of the system, such as a path, a file name, or
other literal data. For example, the environment
variable PATH represents the directories in which to
search for executable files.
MICROSOFT WINDOWS

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Mac OS is a line of operating systems created by Apple. It
comes preloaded on all new Macintosh computers, or
Macs. All of the recent versions are known as  OS
X (pronounced O-S Ten), and the specific versions include  El
Capitan (released in 2015), Yosemite (2014),  Mavericks (2013),  Mountain
Lion (2012), and  Lion (2011).


According to  StatCounter Global Stats, Mac OS X users
account for less than  10% of global operating systems—
much lower than the percentage of Windows users (more
than  80%). One reason for this is that Apple computers
tend to be more expensive. However, many people do
prefer the look and feel of Mac OS X over Windows.
MAC OS X

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Linux (pronounced  LINN-ux) is a family of  open-source operating
systems, which means they can be modified and distributed
by anyone around the world. This is different from  proprietary
software like Windows, which can only be modified by the
company that owns it. The advantages of Linux are that it
is free, and there are many different  distributions—or versions—
you can choose from.

According to  StatCounter Global Stats, Linux users
account for less than  2% of global operating systems.
However, most  servers run Linux because it's relatively easy
to customize.
LINUX

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 Examples of
mobile
operating
systems
include  Apple
iOS and Google
Android.
FEATURE 01
In the
screenshot
below, you
can see iOS
running on an
iPad.
FEATURE 02
The operating systems we've
been talking about so far
were designed to run
on desktop and laptop computers.  M
obile devices  such as  phones, tablet
computers, and  MP3 players  are
different from desktop and
laptop computers, so they
run operating systems that
are designed specifically for
mobile devices
ANALYSIS
Operating systems for mobile devices

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WHAT IS
SPOOLING ?
Simultaneous peripheral operation online
N
G
L
I
O
O
S
P

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SPOOLING IN OPERATING
SYSTEMS
• Simultaneous peripheral operation online
(Spooling). A spool is a kind
of buffer that holds the  jobs for
a device till the device is
ready to accept the job.
Spooling considers  disk as a
huge  buffer that can store as
many jobs for the device till
the output devices are ready
to accept them.
•In spooling, I/O of one job is
overlapped with the
computation of another job.
For example, a spooler at a
time may read input of one
job, and at the same time, it
may also print the output of
another job.
• Spooling can also process
data at the remote sites. The
spooler only has to notify
when a process gets
completed at the remote
site so that spooler can
spool next process to the
remote side device.
• Spooling increases the
performance of the system
by increasing the working
rate of the devices. It
naturally leads to
multiprogramming.

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SPOOLING
•Spooling in the operating systems acts as a
process where
the data temporary becomes available by
holding it and then
used and executed by either a device, system
or a program
by the help of request for executions.
•Spooling is an acronym for concurrent fringe
operations on
the line. Spooling alludes to putting
information of different I/O
employments in support. This cushion is a
unique range of
memory or hard plate which is available to
I/O gadgets.
•Spooling works like a run of the mill ask
for line or spool where information,
guidelines, and procedures from different
sources are amassed for execution later on.
For the most part, the reel is kept up on
the PC’s physical memory, supports or the
I/O gadget particular interferes. The spool
is prepared in the climbing request, dealing
with the premise of a FIFO calculation.
•Spooling holds up until the whole operation
is done before sending it to the yield gadget
or a system, and your likeliest experience
with spooling presumably originates from
sending a record to a printer. The most
widely recognized usage of spooling can be
found in typical information/yield gadgets,
for example, the console, mouse, and printer.
On the off chance that you’ve at any point
asked why there’s a deferral between when
you squeeze “Print” and a record leaving the
printer, spooling is the reason. The computer
forms the whole print work into a
configuration the printer can deal with and
sends it down the serial transport to the
printer.
•Spooling is likewise utilized for sending and
accepting email.

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WHAT IS
BUFFERING ?
BUFFERING
IN
G
E
R
F
F
B
U

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BUFFERING IN OPERATING
SYSTEMS
•Before discussing buffering, let us
discuss, what is the buffer?
The buffer is an area in the  main
memory that is used to store or hold
the data  temporarily that is being
transmitted either between two
devices or between a device or an
application. In simple words, buffer
temporarily stores data that is being
transmitted from one place to
another. The act of storing data
temporarily in the buffer is called
buffering.
•There are three reasons behind
buffering of data,  first is it helps
in matching speed between two devices,
between which the data is
transmitted. For example, a hard disk
has to store the file received from
the modem. Now, as we know the
transmission speed of a modem is
slow, as compared to the hard disk.
So bytes coming from the modem is
accumulated in the buffer space, and
when all the bytes of a file has
arrived at the buffer, the entire
data is written to the hard disk in a
single operation.
•Secondly, it helps the devices with
different  data transfer size to get adapted
to each other. It helps devices to
manipulate data before sending or
receiving. In computer networking,
the large message is fragmented into
the small fragments and sent over
the network. At the receiving end, the
fragments are accumulated in the
buffer and reassembled to form the
complete large message.
•The third use of buffering is that it
also supports  copy semantics. With copy
semantics, the version of data in the
buffer is guaranteed to be the
version of data at the time of
system call irrespective of any
subsequent change to data in the
buffer. Buffering increases the
performance of the device. It
overlaps the i/o of one job with the
computation of the same job.

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BUFFERING
•Buffering in the operating system acts as a process
where the specified region exists that holds all the
data on a temporary basis and helps it to move from
one location to
the other.
•The buffer enables every gadget or procedure to work
without
being held up by the other. All together for a frame
to be
compelling, the span of the buffer and the
calculations for
moving information into and out of the support
should
be considered by the cradle originator.
•As a reserve, a buffer is a “midpoint holding place” yet
exists
less to quicken the speed of a movement as to
bolster the
coordination of independent exercises.
•Watching the video on YouTube accompanies the desire
that
clicking “Play” will make the video start playing
quickly. For this
to work, the site sends little parts of the video
when the page
burdens, and after that begins sending the following
areas of
the video when the “Play” catch is clicked. These
ensuring parts are lined up in a cushion so that the
video plays
smoothly even though it gets completely downloaded
when you begin it. Support might be utilized as a part of
between while moving information between two
procedures inside a PC. Information is put away in the
buffer as it gets recovered from one procedures or
just before it goes to another system.
•During the composting process, a buffer becomes
useful as a work territory where control words can
embed into the information stream. It is employed for
information, yield, and in some cases, impermanent
capacity

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WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
SPOOLING AND BUFFERING

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•Spooling in the operating systems acts as a process
where the data temporary becomes available by holding
it and then used and executed by either a device,
system or a program with the help of request for
executions. On the other hand, Buffering in the
operating system acts as a process where the specified
region exists that holds all the data on a temporary
basis and helps it to move from one location to the
other.
•The basic operation of spooling is the overlapping of
the input and output of one task with the calculation
of the other task. On the other hand, the primary
process of buffering becomes the overlapping of
comments and output of one function with the count of
the same task.
•Simultaneous peripheral operation online becomes
another name used for spooling, on the other hand,
buffering does not have any other name.
•The efficiency of spooling has much more relevance
than the ability to buffer, on the other hand, buffering
is less efficient than spooling.
•A large area in the hard disk exists for the process of
spooling to execute and then complete. On the other
hand, a small area with limited scope has its use for
buffering.
•The process of buffering takes less time to complete
when compared with spooling.
KEY
DIFFEREN
CES

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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SPOOLING AND BUFFERING
BASIS FOR COMPARISON SPOOLING BUFFERING
Definition
A process where
the data
temporary
becomes
available by
holding it and
then used and
executed by
either a device,
system or a
program by the
help of request
for executions.
A process where
the specified
region exists
that holds all
the data on a
temporary basis
and helps it to
move from one
location to the
other.
Basic Spooling overlap
the I/O of one
job with the
computation of
another job.
Buffer overlaps
the I/O of one
job with the
computation of
the same job.
Full form Simultaneous
peripheral
operation online
No full form.
Efficient Spooling is more
efficient tha
buffering.
Buffering is less
efficeint than
spooling.
Size Spooling
considers disk as
a huge spool or
buffer.
Buffer is a
limited area in
main memory.

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CONCLUSION
Spooling and buffering both increases the efficiency of
the computer but Spooling is better than buffering as it
handles the processing of two jobs at a time.

18. 18 PAGE
Project Timeline
START PROJECT
MIDDLE PROJECT
FINAL POWERPOINT
LAYOUT
19
TH
JUNE 2018 9:00 P.M.
SUBMISSION DAY
FRIDAY
22
ND
June 2018
DISSCUSION ABOUT THE
PROJECT
TUESDAY
19
TH
JUNE 2018
12”30 P.M.
ADDING OF DATA AND
IMAGES,
GIVING SUGGESTIONS AND
IDEAS
20
TH
JUNE 12:30 P.M.
FINAL TOUCH GIVEN TO THE
PROJECT BY THE MEMBERS
(SUGGESTIONS AND CHANGES)
21
ST
June 12:45 P.M.

19. 19 PAGE
G Vamshi (16054-CP-220) Murali Sai (16054-CP-221)
Shivani (16054-CP-219)
Our Team
Srikanth (16054-CP-222)
G Anjila (16054-CP-223) Hitaarth (16054-CP-224)

20. 20 PAGE
THANK YOU