Ophthalmic Preparation

This presentation deals with the introduction of ophthalmic preparations with their different products

1. Ophthalmic Preparation By , Mr. Prashant B. Patil Assistant Professor , H R Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Shirpur

2. Ophthalmic Products are the sterile products meant for instillation in to the eye in the space between eye leads and eye balls. These products must be sterile and are prepared under the same conditions and same methods as other parenteral preparation.

3. Ophthalmic Products include: Eye Drop Eye Lotion Eye Ointment Eye Suspension Contact Lens Solution

4. Essential Characteristics of Different Ophthalmic Preparation – Foreign Particles – All the ophthalmic product should be clear and free from the foreign particles, fibers, and filaments Viscosity – In order to prolong the contact time of the drug in the eye, various thickening agents are added in them like polyvinyl alcohol (1-4 %), polyethylene glycol, methyl cellulose. The Thickening agents are passes following properties - It should be easy to filter - It should be easy to sterilize - It should be compatible with other ingredient - It should passes the clarity level

5. Tonicity – Ophthalmic preparations are must be isotonic with lachrymal secretions to avoid discomfort and irritation. 1.9 % boric acid and sodium acid phosphate buffer are commonly used as isotonic vehicle. pH of the preparation – pH is plays very imp. Role in the therapeutic activity, solubility, stability, and comfort to the patients. The tears have pH near about 7.5. Sterility – The ophthalmic preparation are must be sterile when it prepared. Pseudomonous aeruginosa is very common gram negative bacteria which generally found in the ophthalmic products and it may be cause serious infection to the cornea.

6. Surface Activity – The vehicles are used in the ophthalmic preparation must ha good wetting ability to penetrate cornea and other tissue. The Benzoalkonium Chloride, Polysorbate 20, Polysorbate 80, etc are some of surfactant which are commonly used.

7. EYE DROPS Eye Drops are sterile aqueous or oily solutions or suspension of drug that are instilled in to eye with the help of dropper. The Eye Drops are usually contain drugs having antiseptic, anesthetic, anti inflammatory, etc.

8. Essential characteristics of Eye Drops – They should be sterile They should be iso -osmotic with lachrymal secretion They should be free from the foreign particles, fibers and filaments They should have almost neutral pH They should be preserved with suitable bacterioside They should remain stable during its storage

9. Adjuvant or Formulating Agents – Thickening Agent - Methyl Cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol these are agents are commonly used for increase the viscosity of eye drop Buffers – Buffers are added for the maintaining pH of the eye drop. Boric Acid, Sodium Acid Phosphate, Sodium Citrate are used as buffering agent. Anti Oxidant – These are the agents are added for the prevention of oxidation. Sodium metabisulphate (0.05 – 0.5 %) and sodium thiosulphate (0.1 – 0.2%)

10. Wetting Agent – These agents are used for proper penetration of eye drops in to the cornea of the eye. Polysorbate 20 and Polysorbate 80 are used as wetting agent. Isotonicity adjustment substances – Eye drops are made isotonic with the lachrymal secretion with the help of various buffers and other solutions.

11. Example of Eye Drop: Rx Atropine Sulphate 1 g Phenyl Mercuric Nitrate 50.0 ml Solution 0.002 % Purified Water add up to 100 ml Direction : To be used as directed

12. Eye Lotion – These are the sterile aqueous solutions used for washing for the eyes. The eye lotions are supplied in concentrated form and are required to be diluted with warm water immediately before use. Eye lotions should be isotonic and free from the foreign particles to avoid irritation to the eyes. Sodium Chloride and Sodium Bicarbonate eye lotion are commonly used for removing foreign particles from eye.

13. Example of Eye Lotion – Rx Sodium Chloride 9gm Purified Water to produce 1000ml Rx Sodium Bicarbonate 35 Purified Water to produce 1000ml

14. Eye Ointment – Eye Ointment are sterile preparations meant for application to the eye. These are prepared under aseptic conditions and packed in sterile collapsible tubes. Example Rx Yellow Soft Paraffin 80 gm Liquid Paraffin 10 gm Wool Fat 10 gm

15. Eye Suspension – These are the preparations are not commonly used as compared to eye drops. These are the prepared only those cases when drug is insoluble in desired vehicle or unstable in liquid form.

16. Essential Characteristics – They should have desired viscosity They should be isotonic They should be sterile The particle size of the eye suspension should be fine enough so that it should be non irritating to the eye They should be shaken thoroughly before use in order to distribute the drug particles uniformly They should be packed in suitable container, so that it can be easily instilled in to eye.

17. Contact Lens Solution – Contact lenses are usually made form polymethyl methacrylate which is hard hydrophobic plastic. Now a days some softer hydrophilic lenses are also used.

18. Hard Contact Lenses – Wearers of hard contact lenses generally used two solutions – Wetting Solution It is used primarily for treating the lenses before insertation . It may contain wetting agent, thickening agent (Cellulose Derivatives), antimicrobial agent, isotonicity adjusters Storage Solution This solution is used for overnight cleansing, soaking, and storage. These storage solution are contain non ionic surface active agents.

19. Soft Contact Lenses – These are the soft flexible type lenses . For Cleansing of these lenses used heated 0.9% sodium chloride Solution. The storage solution of these lenses should be sterile. The wetting of Soft Contact lenses are not problem because of its hydrophilic nature. Containers – Contact Lenses solution are packed in designed to minimize the chances of microbial contamination. Plastic Container are used in now a days.

20. Thank You