OPHTHALMOSCOPY

It is done as part of an eye examination and may be done as part of a routine physical examination.

Ophthalmoscopy is also called funduscopy, is a test that allows a health professional to see inside the fundus of the eye and other structures using an ophthalmoscope or funduscope.

1. ophthalmoscopy By SATHISHKUMAR G ([email protected])

2. ophthalmoscopy It is done as part of an eye examination and may be done as part of a routine physical examination. Ophthalmoscopy is also called funduscopy, is a test that allows a health professional to see inside the fundus of the eye and other structure s using an ophthalmoscope or funduscope.

3. An instrument for examining the interior structure of the eye, especially the retina, consisting essentially of a mirror that reflects light into the eye and a central hole through which the eye is examined. Is process by which a medical professional investigate the body of a patient for signs of disease.

4. IMAGE OF OPHTHALOMSCOPY

5. PARTS OF OHTHALMOSCOPY

6. HOW DOES AN OPHTHALMOSCOPE WORK? Your eye doctor will dim the lights of the room and ask you to focus on a fixed point on a far wall Using direct or indirect ophthalmoscope, your doctor will examine the structure of your eye Your eye doctor is looking for signs of a healthy retina and also far indicators of any number of potential eye problems like cataracts or macular degeneration.

7. TYPES OF OPHTHALMOSCOPY DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY INDIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY

8. DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY During direct ophthalmoscopy, you may here a clicking sound as the instrument is adjusted to focus an different structure in the eye. The light is some times very intense and you may see spots for a short time following the examination. T hese are actually the outlines of the blood vessels of the retina.

9. FOCUS ON DIRECT METHOD

10. INDIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY The indirect ophthalmoscopy, the light is much more intense and may be some what uncomfortable. Pressure applied to your eye ball with the blunt instrument also may be uncomfortable. If the test is painful.

11. FUCUS ON INDIRECT METHOD

12. Comparison of direct and indirect method: features Direct method Indirect method Magnification 14X 3X Field diameter 2 dimension diameter 9 dimension diameter Ratio of area field One Twenty Illumination Limited illumination High illumination Depth of focus Small range of focus Large range of focus Stereopsis Absent Present Orientation of image Direct Inverted, reverse View of periphery Limited Full Scleral indentation Difficult Easy

13. ADVANTAGES OF DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCPY: It is portable device It is easy to use Upright image Can use w/o dilation

14. DISADVANTAGES: Small field of view Lack of stereopsis Media opacities can degrade image

15. ADVANTAGE OF INDIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY: Image not affected by the patients refractive power Delivery of LASER Binocular examination of fundus up-to the periphery Large field of view

16. DISADVANTAGE: Difficult to learn Less magnification, therefore details of a small lesion not visualized properly Impossible with very small pupils More uncomfortable to the patient

17. WHEN IS OPHTHALMOSCOPY USED? Damage to your optic nerve Retinal tear or detachment Diabetes Hypertension, which is also known as high blood pressure Melanoma, a type of skin cancer that can spread to your eye

18. Uses of ophthalmoscope: The red free in the ophthalmoscope is used to differentiate between retinal and choroidal lesion Large aperture is used to examine the fundus through the dilated pupil Small aperture is used to examine the fundus with small pupil It also make small macro aneurysms and small hemorrhage standout more clearly and helpful estimating C/D ratio.

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