Oral Cavity:Common problem associated with teeth and gums.

Oral cavity is refers as mouth or buccal cavity.There are many problem related to teeth and gum,such as plaque,tooth decay and periodontal disease.They can treated by maintaining oral hygiene.

1. ORAL CAVITY: COMMON PROBLEM ASSOCIATED WITH TEETH AND GUMS. Kunjan T. Lanjewar*, Laxmi U. Banwade Subject: Cosmetic Science, B. Pharm Final Year Guide: Chandrashekar M. Chakole Bajiraoji Karanjekar College of Pharmacy, Sakoli, Dist.: Bhandara M.S.-441802 Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University.

2. CONTENT Introduction Common problem related with Teeth Causes Prevention Treatment Common problem related with gum Causes Prevention Treatment Reference

3. INTRODUCTION: The oral cavity is referred to as the mouth or buccal cavity. The oral cavity is a complicated structure. It includes the teeth, tongue, gum, uvula, hard and soft palate, buccal mucosa (lip and cheek lining) and floor of the mouth. The mouth is the initial stage of the digestive tract, in which several teeth play an important role in grinding, tearing and breakdown of food into smaller particles that are suitable for digestion. The tongue is also the most important part of the oral cavity, which is located on the floor of the mouth. It is made of skeletal muscle, and it helps in the movement of food while mastication and perception of taste. Gums are the tissues that surround the base of the teeth in the upper and lower jaw. Uvula is the finger-like muscular structure, hanging to the soft palate. The mouth not only plays a role in the digestion of food but also the formation of speech and normal respiration.

4. COMMON PROBLEM RELATED TO TEETH : The teeth are one of the main components of the oral cavity, which helps in the breakdown of food material and is suitable for proper digestion. In which the small food particles are stuck between teeth. If the proper cleaning of teeth does not happen, then some dental problems can be caused. Plaque Tartar Dental stain Tooth decay Tooth sensitivity Common problem related to teeth Cracked or broken teeth

5. Problem related to teeth Detail Causes Prevention Treatment Plaque Plaque is sticky and colourless film of bacteria on teeth . The bacteria in our mouth can release the acid and mix with starchy and sugary food and cause plaque. Use daily dental floss to remove plaque. Brushing teeth at least twice a day . Prescribe the antimicrobial mouthwash and fluoride toothpaste. Increase production of saliva and treat the problem of dry mouth. Use of fluoride treatment to slow down the growth of plaque-causing bacteria. Tartar Tartar is plaque that is hardened on teeth, and it also called as dental calculus. It is difficult to remove by simple brushing. Hard plaque coating on teeth for longer time. Gum problem. Bad breath (Halitosis). Use of fluoride toothpaste and brush daily 2-3 times. Avoid tobacco chewing and smoking. Go to the dentist and hygienist to treat tartar using special instrument. Sometime dentist recommended dental cleaning and gum disease treatment according to amount of tartar deposited on teeth. Dental stain Dental stain is known as tooth colouration, Sometime, yellowed & less bright teeth. It is causing due tobacco chewing. Excessive intake of fluoride. Limited use of food material that stained the teeth. Floss once a day. Teeth whitening use to remove teeth stain. Dental bonding is recommended when teeth whitening is failed to remove the stain.

6. Problem related to teeth Detail Causes Prevention Treatment Tooth sensitivity Tooth sensitivity is most common dental problem, and it cause by consuming cold, hot, sweet food or drink. Pain can be sudden, sharp into nerve ending. Over time brushing or hard brushing. Taking food or drink which are cold, hot, and sweet. Gum disease . Cracked teeth or broken teeth. Gentle brushing with fluoride toothpaste. Avoid highly acidic food or drink. Proper oral hygiene. Filling root canal . Dental caries The dental caries is most commonly known dental disease. Dental caries is also known as tooth decay or tooth cavity. Dental caries mean presence of hole on tooth and damaged tooth structured. Excessive intake of sugary food or drink. Improper oral hygiene. Formation of plaque on teeth . Cleaning teeth with soft bristled brush and fluoride toothpaste. Avoid sugary food or drink. Dental filing with gold, silver or amalgam material. Tooth canal therapy to avoid pain by dental caries. Cracked or broken teeth Cracked or broken teeth is splitting or breaking of teeth. Sometime, It is small and harmless. It common in children and adult also. Trauma. Age. Biting hard food material. Chewing soft food material. Maintain good teeth and gum care. Filling root canal. Filled the cracked with plastic resin. Filling crown on teeth.

7. COMMON PROBLEM RELATED WITH GUM: Gum disease is also called as periodontal disease, it is gum infection and can damage supporting bone of teeth. Due to these problem adults' loss their teeth. The swollen and red gum can cause gum bleeding and it is the symptom of gum disease. The periodontal disease caused by formation of plaque on teeth, it can be prevented by maintaining oral hygiene and remove plaque by regularly brushing. Common problem related to gum Gingivitis Periodontitis Gum recession

8. Problem related to gum Detail Causes Prevention Treatment Gingivitis Gingivitis is gum inflammation, & it initial stage of periodontitis. Gingivitis can affect supporting bone of teeth. The formation of plaque and tartar on teeth. Swollen, red and bleeding gum. Improper mouth cleaning. Limited consumption of alcohol or sugar containing foods. If have a diabetes, then manage it. Remove bacteria between teeth by brushing and flossing. Scaling and root planning which remove tartar and provide smooth surface to teeth. Cleaning oral cavity by antimicrobial toothpaste. Periodontitis Periodontitis is advanced stage of gingivitis,& it cause inflammation and infection of gum and affect bone that support the teeth. Untreated gingivitis. Buildup of plaque or tartar on teeth for longer time. Bleeding gum. Bad breath. Maintain dental hygiene and regularly oral cleaning. Prevent bleeding from gum. Root planning and scaling. Dental bone grafting. Use of antibiotics to fight against infection . Gum recession Gum recession is form of gum disease. In which the gum tissue pull away from teeth. Hard or aggressive brushing. Gum disease. Gum injury or trauma. Soft bristled brush should used. Avoid tobacco chewing or smoking. Use dental floss once a day. Use of desensitizing agent or fluoride varnish.

9. Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential for preventing various dental and gum problems. Proper brushing, flossing, and regular dental check-ups can help avoid issues like plaque buildup, tartar formation, dental stains, tooth sensitivity, dental caries, cracked or broken teeth, gingivitis, periodontitis, and gum recession. While some problems may require professional dental treatment, many can be prevented or mitigated through daily oral care routines and lifestyle changes like reducing sugary food and drink intake, quitting smoking, and managing underlying conditions like diabetes. Paying attention to oral health not only preserves the teeth and gums but also contributes to overall well-being and quality of life. Seeking timely dental advice and following recommended preventive measures can go a long way in maintaining a healthy, functional, and aesthetically pleasing smile. Conclusion

10. REFERANCE: Pathak Kamla, Vaidya Ankur, A Textbook of Cosmetic Science Concepts and Principles, Nirali Publication Advancement of Knowledge, Edition,2018;6.1-6.16 . https://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/general-dentistry-treatment Mehetre Gautam, Ambhore Jaya, Cheke Rameshwar, Shinde Sachin, A textbook of Cosmetic Science, pee vee publication, (S. VIKAS AND COMPANY MEDICAL PUBLISHERS) Edition,2022;5.68-5.72. Sheikh Aijaz, Deshmane Subhash, Rageeb Md, Usman Md, Biyani Kailash, A textbook of Cosmetic Science, pee vee Publication. Singh Satya, Nigam Vijay, A textbook of cosmetic science, Thakur Publication, Edition,2021;5.45-5.46 .

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