Oral CNC lecture Vinh - Nong Lam Dai Hoc .pdf
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Mar 04, 2025
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About This Presentation
No description
Slide Content
CAD/CAM, CNC
NONG LAM UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
PhD. Duy-Vinh Dao
Teacher:
HCM City, 2023
Course:
NONG LAM UNIVERSITY
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
PhD. Duy-Vinh Dao
Teacher:
HCM City, 2023
Course:
CAD/CAM CNC Techniques
Conclusion
Introduction
Turning CNC
machine
Milling CNC
Machine
1
2
3
4
5
Contents
Introduction1
Turning CNC machine2
Milling CNC machine3
CAD/CAM software4
5
CAD/CAM
Topic
Research
Topic research
Conclusion
Introduction
Turning CNC
machine
Milling CNC
Machine
1
2
3
4
5
Contents
Introduction1
Turning CNC machine2
Milling CNC machine3
CAD/CAM software4
5
CAD/CAM
Topic
Research
Topic research
Nội dung và phương pháp đánh giá người học
➢ Điểm danh tại lớp: 10% (đi học đủ: 9đ, Phát biểu +1điểm)
➢ Bài tập về nhà: 10% ( hoặc kiểm tra giữa kỳ)
➢ Thi thực hành: 20%
Điểm Thành phần quá trình 40%:
Điểm thi cuối kỳ 60%:
➢ Đề thi tự luận, thời gian 60 phút, gồm 4 câu hỏi.
Ghi chú: Sinh viên chỉ qua môn khi điểm thi cuối kỳ > = 4.
Nếu <4 , điểm quá trình sẻ tính bằng điểm thi = rớt môn
➢ Điểm danh tại lớp: 10% (đi học đủ: 9đ, Phát biểu +1điểm)
➢ Bài tập về nhà: 10% ( hoặc kiểm tra giữa kỳ)
➢ Thi thực hành: 20%
Điểm Thành phần quá trình 40%:
Điểm thi cuối kỳ 60%:
➢ Đề thi tự luận, thời gian 60 phút, gồm 4 câu hỏi.
Ghi chú: Sinh viên chỉ qua môn khi điểm thi cuối kỳ > = 4.
Nếu <4 , điểm quá trình sẻ tính bằng điểm thi = rớt môn
Tài liệu tham khảo
CAD/CAM CNC Techniques
Conclusion
Introduction
Turning CNC
machine
Milling CNC
Machine
1
2
3
4
5
Contents
Turning CNC machine2
Milling CNC machine3
4CAD/CAM software
5
CAD/CAM
Topic
Research
Topic research
Introduction1
Conclusion
Introduction
Turning CNC
machine
Milling CNC
Machine
1
2
3
4
5
Contents
Turning CNC machine2
Milling CNC machine3
4CAD/CAM software
5
CAD/CAM
Topic
Research
Topic research
Introduction1
What is the Numerical Control (NC) ?Introduction
Numerical Control can be defined as an operation of
machine tools by means of specifically coded
instructions to the machine control system
➢ Setup time reduction
➢ Lead time reduction
➢ Accuracy and repeatability
➢ Contouring of complex shapes
➢Simplified tooling and work holding
➢Consistent cutting time
➢General productivity increase
What are the main advantages of numerical control?
Numerical Control can be defined as an operation of
machine tools by means of specifically coded
instructions to the machine control system
➢ Setup time reduction
➢ Lead time reduction
➢ Accuracy and repeatability
➢ Contouring of complex shapes
➢Simplified tooling and work holding
➢Consistent cutting time
➢General productivity increase
What are the main advantages of numerical control?
History of CNC MachineIntroduction
The history of CNC (computer numerical control) machines
The first CNC machine was developed in the late 1950s by John T. Parsons. The machine used
punched tape to input the cutting instructions, and was primarily used for manufacturing
aircraft components.
The first CNC machines were introduced, which used a computer to control the machine tool, In
the late 1960s . This allowed for much greater precision and speed, as well as the ability to
produce complex shapes and patterns with ease.
1970s and 1980s: Integration of CAD/CAM Systems
1990s and 2000s: Miniatuzation and Cost reduction
Today: Advances in controls and software, wide range of industries, and their continued
development and advancement will shape the future of manufacturing.
The history of CNC (computer numerical control) machines
The first CNC machine was developed in the late 1950s by John T. Parsons. The machine used
punched tape to input the cutting instructions, and was primarily used for manufacturing
aircraft components.
The first CNC machines were introduced, which used a computer to control the machine tool, In
the late 1960s . This allowed for much greater precision and speed, as well as the ability to
produce complex shapes and patterns with ease.
1970s and 1980s: Integration of CAD/CAM Systems
1990s and 2000s: Miniatuzation and Cost reduction
Today: Advances in controls and software, wide range of industries, and their continued
development and advancement will shape the future of manufacturing.
Introduction to CNC technology
DNC: Distributed Nummerical control
MDE/BDE: Machine Data Acquisition
Introduction
CIM: Computer Intergrated Manufacture
CAQ: Computer-Intergrated Quality Control
FMC: Flecxible Manufacturing Cell
FMS: Flecxible Manufacturing System
NC: Nummerical Controlled manufacture
CNC: Computer NC manufacture
CAD/CAM: Computer-aided Design/
Computer-aided Manufacture
DNC: Distributed Nummerical control
MDE/BDE: Machine Data Acquisition
Introduction
CIM: Computer Intergrated Manufacture
CAQ: Computer-Intergrated Quality Control
FMC: Flecxible Manufacturing Cell
FMS: Flecxible Manufacturing System
NC: Nummerical Controlled manufacture
CNC: Computer NC manufacture
CAD/CAM: Computer-aided Design/
Computer-aided Manufacture
Safe condition in the CNC machineIntroduction
✓Machine guarding: should be installed around the moving parts of a CNC
machine.
✓Emergency stop: easily accessible, allows the operator to quickly stop the
machine in the event of an emergency.
✓Personal protective equipment: can include gloves, safety glasses, hearing
protection, and other equipment as necessary.
✓Training: Operators should receive training on the safe use of the CNC
machine, including proper procedures for starting and stopping the machine,
as well as emergency procedures.
✓Maintenance: can include cleaning, lubrication, and inspection of the
machine’s components.
✓Machine accessibility: should be controlled through locks, keycards, or other
methods
✓Machine guarding: should be installed around the moving parts of a CNC
machine.
✓Emergency stop: easily accessible, allows the operator to quickly stop the
machine in the event of an emergency.
✓Personal protective equipment: can include gloves, safety glasses, hearing
protection, and other equipment as necessary.
✓Training: Operators should receive training on the safe use of the CNC
machine, including proper procedures for starting and stopping the machine,
as well as emergency procedures.
✓Maintenance: can include cleaning, lubrication, and inspection of the
machine’s components.
✓Machine accessibility: should be controlled through locks, keycards, or other
methods
Moniting the enviromentin the CNC machineIntroduction
✓Temperature: Affecting the accuracy of the machine.
✓Humidity: Affect the accuracy of electronic components.
Necessary to keep the levels in a safe range.
✓Dust and debris: Affecting the accuracy of its movements and the quality of
the finished product.
✓Vibration: Vibration can affect the accuracy of a CNC machine and cause
premature wear on its components.
✓Power fluctuations: Power fluctuations can affect the accuracy of a CNC
machine and cause damage to its electrical components.
✓Temperature: Affecting the accuracy of the machine.
✓Humidity: Affect the accuracy of electronic components.
Necessary to keep the levels in a safe range.
✓Dust and debris: Affecting the accuracy of its movements and the quality of
the finished product.
✓Vibration: Vibration can affect the accuracy of a CNC machine and cause
premature wear on its components.
✓Power fluctuations: Power fluctuations can affect the accuracy of a CNC
machine and cause damage to its electrical components.
Some types of the CNC machine
Lathe Mill Grind Electric Discharge
Plasma Cutting
Water jet or Laser Cutting
Introduction
Welding Punch Presses
Router
Bending
Lathe Mill Grind Electric Discharge
Plasma Cutting
Water jet or Laser Cutting
Introduction
Welding Punch Presses
Router
Bending
Lathe CNC Machine
In CNC Turning, the machine used which is generally a CNC shaping machine feeds the
cutlery while on motion (linear) on the surface of the work piece which is rotating,
resulting in removal of material from the circumference of the work piece till the specified
diameter is achieved, to provide cylindrical elements with external and internal options,
like slots, tapers, and threads.
Introduction
In CNC Turning, the machine used which is generally a CNC shaping machine feeds the
cutlery while on motion (linear) on the surface of the work piece which is rotating,
resulting in removal of material from the circumference of the work piece till the specified
diameter is achieved, to provide cylindrical elements with external and internal options,
like slots, tapers, and threads.
Introduction
CNC Milling Machine
CNC Milling could be a machining method that employs rotating multi-point cutting tools to
get rid of material from the piece of work. In this process of CNC Milling, the CNC machine
usually works the work piece within the same direction as of the cutlery the reason being the
cutting tool’s rotation, whereas when compared to the manual edge the machine works the
work piece to the way which is away from the cutting tool’s rotation.
Introduction
CNC Milling could be a machining method that employs rotating multi-point cutting tools to
get rid of material from the piece of work. In this process of CNC Milling, the CNC machine
usually works the work piece within the same direction as of the cutlery the reason being the
cutting tool’s rotation, whereas when compared to the manual edge the machine works the
work piece to the way which is away from the cutting tool’s rotation.
Introduction
Introduction Grinding CNC Machine
Grinding CNC machines are precision performance tool which use a rotating wheel for
cutting the metal away from metal. Generally Grinding CNC machines were used for ball
bearings, camshafts, transmission shafts and several of other working pieces which need a
correct and accurate finish.
Grinding CNC machines are precision performance tool which use a rotating wheel for
cutting the metal away from metal. Generally Grinding CNC machines were used for ball
bearings, camshafts, transmission shafts and several of other working pieces which need a
correct and accurate finish.
CNC Electric Discharge Machine
CNC electric Discharge machines have advantage of these features by designing controlled
sparks for reshaping materials. The materials are placed in between the bottom and top of
electrode and then the computer decide the amount of electrical discharge produced by the
electrodes.
Introduction
CNC electric Discharge machines have advantage of these features by designing controlled
sparks for reshaping materials. The materials are placed in between the bottom and top of
electrode and then the computer decide the amount of electrical discharge produced by the
electrodes.
Introduction
Plasma Cutting CNC Machine
Plasma cutting CNC machines are used for cutting materials by the use of plasma torch.
They perform the cutting by electrically conductive materials with the use of an accelerated
steam of hot plasma. Plasma cutting CNC machines feature high powered torch which is
able to cut within the rough materials like metal.
Introduction
Plasma cutting CNC machines are used for cutting materials by the use of plasma torch.
They perform the cutting by electrically conductive materials with the use of an accelerated
steam of hot plasma. Plasma cutting CNC machines feature high powered torch which is
able to cut within the rough materials like metal.
Introduction
Laser Cutting CNC Machine
Laser cutting CNC machine generally uses any one of these lasers which is CO2, Yttrium
aluminum garnet and neodymium. These machines are generally designed for cut through
hard materials, for performing the cutting task they uses a laser in place of plasma torch.
Lasers used by these machines have a very high degree of accuracy but they are less
effective than plasma torches.
Introduction
Laser cutting CNC machine generally uses any one of these lasers which is CO2, Yttrium
aluminum garnet and neodymium. These machines are generally designed for cut through
hard materials, for performing the cutting task they uses a laser in place of plasma torch.
Lasers used by these machines have a very high degree of accuracy but they are less
effective than plasma torches.
Introduction
Router CNC Machine
Router CNC machine work like other CNC machines work such as milling or lathe. The main
difference between Router CNC machine and other machines is that Router CNC machines is
that they are hand held routers which is used for all the carpenter works manually like door
craving, interior, exterior decoration, signboards, wood panels, molding, wood frames,
furniture, musical instruments and many more.
Introduction
Router CNC machine work like other CNC machines work such as milling or lathe. The main
difference between Router CNC machine and other machines is that Router CNC machines is
that they are hand held routers which is used for all the carpenter works manually like door
craving, interior, exterior decoration, signboards, wood panels, molding, wood frames,
furniture, musical instruments and many more.
Introduction
Welding CNC Machine
Welding CNC machine is an automated system that carries out very complex interrelated
tool actions in a pre-programmed sequence, for the fabrication of items to extremely
exacting standards.
Introduction
Welding CNC machine is an automated system that carries out very complex interrelated
tool actions in a pre-programmed sequence, for the fabrication of items to extremely
exacting standards.
Introduction
Punch pressesCNC Machine
Punch presses CNC machine is a sheet metal manufacturing process that is carried out by
CNC punch presses. These machines can be either a single head and tool rail (Trumpf) design
or multi-tool turret design. The CNC punching machine is basically programmed to move a
sheet of metal in an x and y direction so as to accurately position the sheet under the
machine’s punching ram ready to punch a hole or form.
Introduction
Punch presses CNC machine is a sheet metal manufacturing process that is carried out by
CNC punch presses. These machines can be either a single head and tool rail (Trumpf) design
or multi-tool turret design. The CNC punching machine is basically programmed to move a
sheet of metal in an x and y direction so as to accurately position the sheet under the
machine’s punching ram ready to punch a hole or form.
Introduction
BendingCNC Machine
Bending CNC machine isa manufacturing process that is carried out by CNC press
brakes(also known as CNC brake presses). These machines can bend sheet metal work from
just a few mm across to sections many metres long on the largest industrial machines.
Introduction
Bending CNC machine isa manufacturing process that is carried out by CNC press
brakes(also known as CNC brake presses). These machines can bend sheet metal work from
just a few mm across to sections many metres long on the largest industrial machines.
Introduction
Types of zero and reference point
Coordinate system definition
M machine zero point
W Wort part zero point
R Reference point
E tool reference point
B tool setup point
A tool shank point
N tool change point
Introduction
Coordinate system definition
M machine zero point
W Wort part zero point
R Reference point
E tool reference point
B tool setup point
A tool shank point
N tool change point
Introduction
Example
Less than 35
o
35
o
-40
o
Oil Oil out
Chip
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
Some type of tool using on the CNC machine
(k)
(l)
Tools using on the CNC machineIntroduction
o
35
o
-40
o
Oil Oil out
Chip
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
Some type of tool using on the CNC machine
(k)
(l)
Tools using on the CNC machineIntroduction
CNC machine Tool parameter recommend
Cutting speed is a measurement of the distance (in feet or meters)
that the circumference of the work passes the cutting tool in one
minute.
Feed is the distance the tool moves along the work during each
revolution of the spindle.
Cutting speed is a measurement of the distance (in feet or meters)
that the circumference of the work passes the cutting tool in one
minute.
Feed is the distance the tool moves along the work during each
revolution of the spindle.
CNC machine Tool parameter recommend
Setting parameters for a CNC (computer numerical control) tool involves adjusting
several factors to optimize the tool's performance.
Select the correct tool: Choose the appropriate tool for the job, taking into
consideration the type and thickness of the material to be cut.
Adjust speed and feed rate: The speed at which the tool rotates (spindle speed) and
the rate at which it moves into the material (feed rate) will impact the tool's
performance and the quality of the cut. The manufacturer of the tool or the CNC
machine should have recommendations for the appropriate speed and feed rate
based on the material and tool being used.
Set the depth of cut: The depth of cut will determine how much material is removed
with each pass of the tool. This should be set according to the thickness of the
material and the desired level of precision.
Setting parameters for a CNC (computer numerical control) tool involves adjusting
several factors to optimize the tool's performance.
Select the correct tool: Choose the appropriate tool for the job, taking into
consideration the type and thickness of the material to be cut.
Adjust speed and feed rate: The speed at which the tool rotates (spindle speed) and
the rate at which it moves into the material (feed rate) will impact the tool's
performance and the quality of the cut. The manufacturer of the tool or the CNC
machine should have recommendations for the appropriate speed and feed rate
based on the material and tool being used.
Set the depth of cut: The depth of cut will determine how much material is removed
with each pass of the tool. This should be set according to the thickness of the
material and the desired level of precision.
CNC machine Tool parameter recommend
Set the tool offset: The tool offset is the distance between the center of the tool and
the surface of the material. This should be set to ensure the tool is centered over the
material and cuts accurately.
Set the tool compensation: Some CNC machines allow for tool compensation, which
adjusts the position of the tool to account for wear or other factors that can impact
the tool's accuracy. This should be set to ensure the tool cuts accurately over the life
of the tool.
Test and verify: Once the parameters have been set, the tool should be tested to
verify that it is cutting accurately and to make any necessary adjustments.
Overall, setting parameters for a CNC tool requires careful consideration of the tool,
material, and desired outcome. By following these steps, the tool can be optimized
for maximum performance and accuracy.
Set the tool offset: The tool offset is the distance between the center of the tool and
the surface of the material. This should be set to ensure the tool is centered over the
material and cuts accurately.
Set the tool compensation: Some CNC machines allow for tool compensation, which
adjusts the position of the tool to account for wear or other factors that can impact
the tool's accuracy. This should be set to ensure the tool cuts accurately over the life
of the tool.
Test and verify: Once the parameters have been set, the tool should be tested to
verify that it is cutting accurately and to make any necessary adjustments.
Overall, setting parameters for a CNC tool requires careful consideration of the tool,
material, and desired outcome. By following these steps, the tool can be optimized
for maximum performance and accuracy.
CNC machine Tool parameter recommend
1 Inch = 25.4 mm
1 feet = 304.8 mm
1 Inch = 25.4 mm
1 feet = 304.8 mm
CNC machine Positioning control systems
Ball screw
Ball screw
Bài tập ứng dụng
➢ Cho hệ 1 trục của máy phay CNC như hình sau
Cho biết: động cơ quay 1 bước là 1,8
0
; tỉ số truyền của hộp số
là 5, tỉ số truyền đai là 5, vít me có bước ren m=2 mm.
a, Tìm BLU của hệ ở hình trên là bao nhiêu?
b, Khi động cơ quay với tốc độ 50 vòng/ phút
Hỏi tốc độ bàn máy là bao nhiêu?
➢ Cho hệ 1 trục của máy phay CNC như hình sau
Cho biết: động cơ quay 1 bước là 1,8
0
; tỉ số truyền của hộp số
là 5, tỉ số truyền đai là 5, vít me có bước ren m=2 mm.
a, Tìm BLU của hệ ở hình trên là bao nhiêu?
b, Khi động cơ quay với tốc độ 50 vòng/ phút
Hỏi tốc độ bàn máy là bao nhiêu?
Sinh viên giải bài tập 1
CNC machine Tool changers
Tool magazines
store tools in
pockets
Tool magazines
store tools in
pockets
CNC machine Tool changers
Some types of tool maganize
Some types of tool maganize
CNC machine Tool changers
CNC machine Machine Control Unit (MCU)
• Power on/off buttons
• Emergency stop button
• Feed and speed override knobs
• Load meters
• Manual pulse generator
• Keyboard pad
• Feed hold button
• Cycle start button
• Axis select knobs
• Miscellaneous function switches
• Tool select/clamp switch
• CRT screen
MCU controller brands and models
• Power on/off buttons
• Emergency stop button
• Feed and speed override knobs
• Load meters
• Manual pulse generator
• Keyboard pad
• Feed hold button
• Cycle start button
• Axis select knobs
• Miscellaneous function switches
• Tool select/clamp switch
• CRT screen
MCU controller brands and models
CNC machine Machine Control Unit (MCU)
CNC machine Machine Control Unit (MCU)
Feature Description
ON / OFF
switch
Power and control switch for the main power and control unit
Cycle Start Starts program execution or MDI command
Emergency StopStops all machine activity and turns off power to the control unit
Feedhold Temporarily stops motion of all axes
Single Block Allows program run one block at a time
Optional Stop Temporarily stops program execution (M01 required in program)
Block Skip Ignores blocks preceded with a forward slash ( / ) in the program
Dry Run Enables program testing at fast feedrates (without a mounted part)
Spindle OverrideOverrides programmed spindle speed, usually within 50-120% range
Feedrate OverrideOverrides programmed feedrate, usually within 0-200% range
Chuck Clamp Shows current status of the chuck clamping (Outside / Inside clamping)
CNC machine Feature of CNC Machine
ON / OFF
switch
Power and control switch for the main power and control unit
Cycle Start Starts program execution or MDI command
Emergency StopStops all machine activity and turns off power to the control unit
Feedhold Temporarily stops motion of all axes
Single Block Allows program run one block at a time
Optional Stop Temporarily stops program execution (M01 required in program)
Block Skip Ignores blocks preceded with a forward slash ( / ) in the program
Dry Run Enables program testing at fast feedrates (without a mounted part)
Spindle OverrideOverrides programmed spindle speed, usually within 50-120% range
Feedrate OverrideOverrides programmed feedrate, usually within 0-200% range
Chuck Clamp Shows current status of the chuck clamping (Outside / Inside clamping)
CNC machine Feature of CNC Machine
CNC machine Feature of CNC Machine
Feature Description
Table Clamp Shows current status of table clamping
Coolant Switch Coolant control ON / OFF / AUTO
Gear Selection Shows current status of working gear range selection
Spindle Rotation
Indicates spindle rotation direction (clockwise or
counterclockwise)
Spindle Orientation Manual orientation of the spindle
Tool Change Switch allowing a manual tool change
Reference Position
Switches and lights relating to setup of machine, from reference
position
Handle (MPG)
Manual Pulse Generator (MPG),used for Axis Select and Handle
Increment switches
Tailstock Switch Tailstock and/or quill switch to manually position the tailstock
Indexing Table SwitchManually indexes machine table during setup
MDI Mode Manual Data Input mode
Feature Description
Table Clamp Shows current status of table clamping
Coolant Switch Coolant control ON / OFF / AUTO
Gear Selection Shows current status of working gear range selection
Spindle Rotation
Indicates spindle rotation direction (clockwise or
counterclockwise)
Spindle Orientation Manual orientation of the spindle
Tool Change Switch allowing a manual tool change
Reference Position
Switches and lights relating to setup of machine, from reference
position
Handle (MPG)
Manual Pulse Generator (MPG),used for Axis Select and Handle
Increment switches
Tailstock Switch Tailstock and/or quill switch to manually position the tailstock
Indexing Table SwitchManually indexes machine table during setup
MDI Mode Manual Data Input mode
CNC machine Feature of CNC Machine
Feature Description
AUTO Mode Allows automatic operations
MEMORY Mode Allows program execution from memory of the CNC unit
TAPE / EXT
or DNC Mode
Allows program execution from an external device, such as
a desktop computer (DNC) or a punched tape
EDIT Mode
Allows changes to be made to a
program stored in CNC memory
MANUAL Mode Allows manual operations during setup
JOG Mode Selects jog mode for setup
RAPID Mode Selects rapid mode for setup
Memory Access Key (switch) to allow program editing
Error Lights Red light indicating an error
Feature Description
AUTO Mode Allows automatic operations
MEMORY Mode Allows program execution from memory of the CNC unit
TAPE / EXT
or DNC Mode
Allows program execution from an external device, such as
a desktop computer (DNC) or a punched tape
EDIT Mode
Allows changes to be made to a
program stored in CNC memory
MANUAL Mode Allows manual operations during setup
JOG Mode Selects jog mode for setup
RAPID Mode Selects rapid mode for setup
Memory Access Key (switch) to allow program editing
Error Lights Red light indicating an error
CNC machine Symbol
Symbol Description Comment
. Decimal point Fractional part of a number
+ Plus sign Positive value or addition sign in Fanuc macros
- Minus sign Negative value or subtraction sign in Fanuc macros
* Multiplication signMultiplication sign in Fanuc macros
/ Slash (front slash)Block skip function symbol or division sign in Fanuc macros
( ) Parenthesis Program comments & messages
% Percent sign Stop code (end of program file)
: Colon Program number designation (rare)
, Comma Used only within comments
[ ] Brackets Calculations in Fanuc macros
; Semicolon Non programmable End-Of-Block symbol (screen display only)
# Sharp sign Variable definition or call in Fanuc macros
= Equal sign Equality symbol in Fanuc macros
Symbol Description Comment
. Decimal point Fractional part of a number
+ Plus sign Positive value or addition sign in Fanuc macros
- Minus sign Negative value or subtraction sign in Fanuc macros
* Multiplication signMultiplication sign in Fanuc macros
/ Slash (front slash)Block skip function symbol or division sign in Fanuc macros
( ) Parenthesis Program comments & messages
% Percent sign Stop code (end of program file)
: Colon Program number designation (rare)
, Comma Used only within comments
[ ] Brackets Calculations in Fanuc macros
; Semicolon Non programmable End-Of-Block symbol (screen display only)
# Sharp sign Variable definition or call in Fanuc macros
= Equal sign Equality symbol in Fanuc macros
CNC machine G-code
G code Description
G00 Rapid positioning
G01 Linear interpolation
G02 Circular interpolation clockwise (CW)
G03 Circular interpolation counterclockwise (CCW)
G04 Dwell - as a separate block only
G09 Exact stop check - one block only
G10 Programmable data input -Data Setting
G11 Data Setting mode cancel
G15 Polar Coordinate Command cancel
G16 Polar Coordinate Command
G17 XY-plane designation
G18 ZX-plane designation
G19 YZ-plane designation
G20 Imperial units of input
G21 Metric units of input
G code Description
G00 Rapid positioning
G01 Linear interpolation
G02 Circular interpolation clockwise (CW)
G03 Circular interpolation counterclockwise (CCW)
G04 Dwell - as a separate block only
G09 Exact stop check - one block only
G10 Programmable data input -Data Setting
G11 Data Setting mode cancel
G15 Polar Coordinate Command cancel
G16 Polar Coordinate Command
G17 XY-plane designation
G18 ZX-plane designation
G19 YZ-plane designation
G20 Imperial units of input
G21 Metric units of input
CNC machine G-code
G code Description
G22 Stored stroke check ON
G23 Stored stroke check OFF
G25 Spindle speed fluctuation detection ON
G26 Spindle speed fluctuation detection OFF
G27 Machine zero position check
G28 Machine zero return (reference point 1)
G29 Return from machine zero
G30 Machine zero return (reference point 2)
G31 Skip function
G40 Cutter radius compensation cancel
G41 Cutter radius compensation - left
G42 Cutter radius compensation - right
G43 Tool length compensation - positive
G44 Tool length compensation - negative
G45 Position compensation - single increase
G code Description
G22 Stored stroke check ON
G23 Stored stroke check OFF
G25 Spindle speed fluctuation detection ON
G26 Spindle speed fluctuation detection OFF
G27 Machine zero position check
G28 Machine zero return (reference point 1)
G29 Return from machine zero
G30 Machine zero return (reference point 2)
G31 Skip function
G40 Cutter radius compensation cancel
G41 Cutter radius compensation - left
G42 Cutter radius compensation - right
G43 Tool length compensation - positive
G44 Tool length compensation - negative
G45 Position compensation - single increase
CNC machine G-code
G code Description
G46 Position compensation - single decrease
G47 Position compensation - double increase
G48 Position compensation - double decrease
G49 Tool length offset cancel
G50 Scaling function cancel
G51 Scaling function
G52 Local coordinate system setting
G53 Machine coordinate system
G54 Work coordinate offset 1
G55 Work coordinate offset 2
G56 Work coordinate offset 3
G57 Work coordinate offset 4
G58 Work coordinate offset 5
G59 Work coordinate offset 6
G60 Single direction positioning
G code Description
G46 Position compensation - single decrease
G47 Position compensation - double increase
G48 Position compensation - double decrease
G49 Tool length offset cancel
G50 Scaling function cancel
G51 Scaling function
G52 Local coordinate system setting
G53 Machine coordinate system
G54 Work coordinate offset 1
G55 Work coordinate offset 2
G56 Work coordinate offset 3
G57 Work coordinate offset 4
G58 Work coordinate offset 5
G59 Work coordinate offset 6
G60 Single direction positioning
CNC machine G-code
G code Description
G61 Exact stop mode
G62 Automatic corner override mode
G63 Tapping mode
G64 Cutting mode
G65 Custom macro call
G66 Custom macro modal call
G67 Custom macro modal call cancel
G68 Coordinate system rotation
G69 Coordinate system rotation cancel
G73 High speed peck drilling cycle (deep hole)
G74 Left hand threading cycle
G76 Fine boring cycle
G80 Fixed cycle cancel
G81 Drilling cycle
G82 Spot-drilling cycle
G code Description
G61 Exact stop mode
G62 Automatic corner override mode
G63 Tapping mode
G64 Cutting mode
G65 Custom macro call
G66 Custom macro modal call
G67 Custom macro modal call cancel
G68 Coordinate system rotation
G69 Coordinate system rotation cancel
G73 High speed peck drilling cycle (deep hole)
G74 Left hand threading cycle
G76 Fine boring cycle
G80 Fixed cycle cancel
G81 Drilling cycle
G82 Spot-drilling cycle
CNC machine G-code
G code Description
G83 Peck-drilling cycle (deep hole drilling cycle)
G84 Right hand threading cycle
G85 Boring cycle
G86 Boring cycle
G87 Back boring cycle
G88 Boring cycle
G89 Boring cycle
G90 Absolute dimensioning mode
G91 Incremental dimensioning mode
G92 Tool position register
G98 Return to initial level in a fixed cycle
G99 Return to R-level in a fixed cycle
G code Description
G83 Peck-drilling cycle (deep hole drilling cycle)
G84 Right hand threading cycle
G85 Boring cycle
G86 Boring cycle
G87 Back boring cycle
G88 Boring cycle
G89 Boring cycle
G90 Absolute dimensioning mode
G91 Incremental dimensioning mode
G92 Tool position register
G98 Return to initial level in a fixed cycle
G99 Return to R-level in a fixed cycle
CNC machine Safety rule
The first rule of safety is to
follow all safety rules
The first rule of safety is to
follow all safety rules
CAD/CAM CNC Techniques
Conclusion
Introduction
Turning CNC
machine
Topic
Research
Milling CNC
Machine
CAD/CAM
1
2
3
4
5
Contents
Introduction1
Milling CNC machine3
4CAD/CAM software
5Topic research
Turning CNC machine2
Conclusion
Introduction
Turning CNC
machine
Topic
Research
Milling CNC
Machine
CAD/CAM
1
2
3
4
5
Contents
Introduction1
Milling CNC machine3
4CAD/CAM software
5Topic research
Turning CNC machine2
CNC Lathe Accessories: CHUCK CONTROL
CCW= M04CW= M03
Gá phôi
Ổ dao
Ụ động
CW
CCW
CCW= M04CW= M03
Gá phôi
Ổ dao
Ụ động
CW
CCW
CNC Lathe Accessories: TAILSTOCK AND QUILL
Lathe cycles: G90-STRAIGHT CUTTING CYCLE
Lathe cycles: G90-TAPER CUTTING CYCLE
Example of G90 cycle
in straight cutting
Example of G90 cycle
in straight cutting
Lathe cycles: G90-STRAIGHT CUTTING CYCLE
Example of G90 cycle
in straight cutting
Example of G90 cycle
in straight cutting
Lathe cycles: G90 -TAPER CUTTING CYCLE
Lathe cycles: G90-TAPER CUTTING CYCLE
Example of G90 cyclein taper cutting
Example of G90 cyclein taper cutting
Lathe cycles: G90 -TAPER CUTTING CYCLE
Example of G90 cyclein taper cutting
Example of G90 cyclein taper cutting
Lathe cycles: G94 -FACE CUTTING CYCLE
Lathe cycles: Multiple relatitive cycles
Lathe cycles: G71 –STOCK REMOVAL IN TURNING
G71 Cycle format for –6T/10T/11T/15T G71 Cycle format for –0T/16T/18T/20T/21T
G71 P...Q...I...K...U...W...D...F...S...;
G71 U...R...;
G71 P...Q...U...W...F...S...;
G71 Cycle format for –6T/10T/11T/15T G71 Cycle format for –0T/16T/18T/20T/21T
G71 P...Q...I...K...U...W...D...F...S...;
G71 U...R...;
G71 P...Q...U...W...F...S...;
Lathe cycles: G71 –STOCK REMOVAL IN TURNING
G71 for External Roughing
G71 for External Roughing
Lathe cycles: G71 –STOCK REMOVAL IN TURNING
G71 for Internal Roughing
G71 for Internal Roughing
Lathe cycles: G72 –STOCK REMOVAL IN FACING
G72 Cycle format for –6T/10T/11T/15T G72 Cycle format for –0T/16T/18T/20T/21T
G72 P...Q...I...K...U...W...D...F...S...;
G72 W...R...;
G72 P...Q...U...W...F...S...;
G72 Cycle format for –6T/10T/11T/15T G72 Cycle format for –0T/16T/18T/20T/21T
G72 P...Q...I...K...U...W...D...F...S...;
G72 W...R...;
G72 P...Q...U...W...F...S...;
Lathe cycles: G72 –STOCK REMOVAL IN FACING
Lathe cycles: G73 –PATTERN REPEATING CYCLE
G73 Cycle format for –6T/10T/11T/15T
G73 Cycle format for –0T/16T/18T/20T/21T
G73 P...Q...I...K...U...W...D...F...S...;
G73 U...W...R...;
G73 P...Q...U...W...F...S...;
G73 Cycle format for –6T/10T/11T/15T
G73 Cycle format for –0T/16T/18T/20T/21T
G73 P...Q...I...K...U...W...D...F...S...;
G73 U...W...R...;
G73 P...Q...U...W...F...S...;
Lathe cycles: G73 –PATTERN REPEATING CYCLE
Lathe cycles: G70 –PATTERN REPEATING CYCLE
G70 Cycle for all format
G70 P...Q...F...S...;
G70 Cycle for all format
G70 P...Q...F...S...;
Lathe cycles: G70 –PATTERN REPEATING CYCLE
Lathe cycles: G74 –PECK DRILLING CYCLE
G74 Cycle format for –6T/10T/11T/15T G74 Cycle format for –0T/16T/18T/20T/21T
G74 X...Z...I...K...U...W...D...F...S...;
G74 R...;
G74 X...Z...P...Q...R...F...S...;
G74 U...W...I...K...U...W...D...F...S...;
Or
G74 R...;
G74 U...W...P...Q...R...F...S...;
Or
G74 Cycle format for –6T/10T/11T/15T G74 Cycle format for –0T/16T/18T/20T/21T
G74 X...Z...I...K...U...W...D...F...S...;
G74 R...;
G74 X...Z...P...Q...R...F...S...;
G74 U...W...I...K...U...W...D...F...S...;
Or
G74 R...;
G74 U...W...P...Q...R...F...S...;
Or
Lathe cycles: G75 –GROOVE CUTTING CYCLE
G75 Cycle format for –6T/10T/11T/15T G75 Cycle format for –0T/16T/18T/20T/21T
G75 X...Z...I...K...D...F...S...;
G75 R...;
G75 X...Z...P...Q...R...F...S...;
G75 U...W...I...K...D...F...S...;
Or
G75 R...;
G75 U...W...P...Q...R...F...S...;
Or
G75 Cycle format for –6T/10T/11T/15T G75 Cycle format for –0T/16T/18T/20T/21T
G75 X...Z...I...K...D...F...S...;
G75 R...;
G75 X...Z...P...Q...R...F...S...;
G75 U...W...I...K...D...F...S...;
Or
G75 R...;
G75 U...W...P...Q...R...F...S...;
Or
Lathe cycles: PRECISION GROOVING TECHNIQUES
CAD/CAM CNC Techniques
Conclusion
Introduction
Turning CNC
machine
Milling CNC
Machine
CAM
1
2
3
4
5
Contents
Introduction1
Turning CNC machine2
Topic research
4CAM by software
5
Topic
Research
Milling CNC machine3
Conclusion
Introduction
Turning CNC
machine
Milling CNC
Machine
CAM
1
2
3
4
5
Contents
Introduction1
Turning CNC machine2
Topic research
4CAM by software
5
Topic
Research
Milling CNC machine3
CNC vertical milling machine
CNC Milling: Introduction to CNC technology
CNC Milling: Introduction to CNC technology
CNC vertical milling machine
CNC Milling: Introduction to CNC technology
CNC Milling: Introduction to CNC technology
CNC vertical milling machine
CNC Milling: Introduction to CNC technology
CNC Milling: Introduction to CNC technology
CNC Milling: Introduction to CNC technology
CNC Milling: Introduction to CNC technology
CNC Milling: Introduction to CNC technology
CNC Milling: Introduction to CNC technology
CNC Milling: Introduction to CNC technology
Swivel base and vise
Milling machine vise
Univer angle milling vise
V-Block and a strap clamp
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
Can rotate 360
o
In the horizontal plane
Can rotate:
90
o
in the vertical plane
360
o
in the horizontal plane
Milling machine vise
Univer angle milling vise
V-Block and a strap clamp
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
Can rotate 360
o
In the horizontal plane
Can rotate:
90
o
in the vertical plane
360
o
in the horizontal plane
In the center
The piece to loosen up
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
Be supported in the bottom
Work pieces move under
pressure of the cutting fores
?
The piece to loosen up
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
Be supported in the bottom
Work pieces move under
pressure of the cutting fores
?
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
It is used to align the work as
well as prevent the part from
slipping
Clamping Sets
Direct Clamping using
strap clamps-Notice
It is used to align the work as
well as prevent the part from
slipping
Clamping Sets
Direct Clamping using
strap clamps-Notice
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
Place support parallels directly
under clamps
The correct and incorrect direct clamping practices
IncorrectCorrect
Close to workpiece
Use shims with
finished surfaces
Correct
Correct
Correct
Incorrect
Incorrect
Incorrect
shims
Clamp stud
Angling clamps
Place support parallels directly
under clamps
The correct and incorrect direct clamping practices
IncorrectCorrect
Close to workpiece
Use shims with
finished surfaces
Correct
Correct
Correct
Incorrect
Incorrect
Incorrect
shims
Clamp stud
Angling clamps
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
(a) (b) (c)
(d) (e) (f)
Fig 1. các dụng cụ dùng ghá phôi gia công trên máy phay cnc
(d) (e) (f)
Fig 1. các dụng cụ dùng ghá phôi gia công trên máy phay cnc
Cổ
Trục chính
Núm giữ
Kẹp
Lò xo
Thanh kéo
#60: rất lớn
#50:vừa
#40: nhỏ
#30: rất nhỏ
Loại Máy
Fig 2. Dụng cụ giữ dao trên máy phay CNC
Trục chính
Núm giữ
Kẹp
Lò xo
Thanh kéo
#60: rất lớn
#50:vừa
#40: nhỏ
#30: rất nhỏ
Loại Máy
Fig 2. Dụng cụ giữ dao trên máy phay CNC
Fig 3. Một số loại dao hay dùng trên máy phay CNC
Dao phả mặt
Phả mặt Phả mặt
Phay rảnh
Phả mặt
Gia công renPhá thô
Dao phả mặt
Phả mặt Phả mặt
Phay rảnh
Phả mặt
Gia công renPhá thô
Fig 4. Một số loại chip hay dùng gắn trên dao trong gia công
Fig 5. Bàn để dao
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
Fig 6. Gia công ren
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
Z
Y
Các hình dạng mũi phay ngón
Y
Các hình dạng mũi phay ngón
2. TỌA ĐỘ TRÊN MÁY PHAY
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
HỆ TRỤC TỌA ĐỘ Descartes:
Xác định trục di chuyển trên máy CNC
Qui tắt bàn tay phải: qui ước chiều máy CNC
➢Lòng bàn tay quay về phía người vận hành
➢Ngón tay trỏ chỉ chiều dương trục Y
➢Ngón tay cái chỉ chiều dương trục X
➢Ngón giữa chỉ chiều dương trục Z
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
HỆ TRỤC TỌA ĐỘ Descartes:
Xác định trục di chuyển trên máy CNC
Qui tắt bàn tay phải: qui ước chiều máy CNC
➢Lòng bàn tay quay về phía người vận hành
➢Ngón tay trỏ chỉ chiều dương trục Y
➢Ngón tay cái chỉ chiều dương trục X
➢Ngón giữa chỉ chiều dương trục Z
Hệ tọa độ Đề-các 2DY
X
P1
P2
P3
P4
Ví dụ
P1 X = 80 Y = 40
P2 X = -80 Y = 70 / U = -160 V = 30
P3 X = -50 Y = -40 / U = 30 V= -110
P4 X = 40 Y = -70 / U = 90 V= -30
1.Tọa độ Đề - các tuyệt đối: X, Y, Z. Câu lệnh: G90 X Y Z
2.Tọa độ Đề - các tương đối: U, V, W. Câu lệnh: G91 X Y Z
101
X
P1
P2
P3
P4
Ví dụ
P1 X = 80 Y = 40
P2 X = -80 Y = 70 / U = -160 V = 30
P3 X = -50 Y = -40 / U = 30 V= -110
P4 X = 40 Y = -70 / U = 90 V= -30
1.Tọa độ Đề - các tuyệt đối: X, Y, Z. Câu lệnh: G90 X Y Z
2.Tọa độ Đề - các tương đối: U, V, W. Câu lệnh: G91 X Y Z
101
2. TỌA ĐỘ TRÊN MÁY PHAY
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
2. TỌA ĐỘ TRÊN MÁY PHAY
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
2. TỌA ĐỘ TRÊN MÁY PHAY
2. TỌA ĐỘ TRÊN MÁY PHAY
3. CÁCH VIẾT KHỐI LỆNH: (gồm 1 câu lệnh hay nhóm câu lệnh)
1. Bắt đầu bằng chữ N_: Số thứ tự câu lệnh trong chương trình.
VD: N1, N5, N10,…
2. Mã lệnh chuẩn bị G_
VD: G00, G01, G02,….
3. Tọa độ điểm tới: X_ Y_Z_
4. Mã lệnh F_ S_ T_: Chế độ cắt
F: Lượng tiến dao (m/phút)
S: Số vòng quay trục chính.
T: Gọi dao (chọn dao)
5. Mã lệnh M: Chức năng phụ (tưới nước làm mát, dừng chương trình)
VD: M08/M09: mở/tắt dung dịch tưới nguội
M30: dừng máy.
6. Dấu chấm phẩy: ; (kết thúc câu lệnh, xuống dòng)
7. Kết cấu một câu lệnh: N_ G_ X_ Y_Z_ F_ S_ T_ M_;
105
1. Bắt đầu bằng chữ N_: Số thứ tự câu lệnh trong chương trình.
VD: N1, N5, N10,…
2. Mã lệnh chuẩn bị G_
VD: G00, G01, G02,….
3. Tọa độ điểm tới: X_ Y_Z_
4. Mã lệnh F_ S_ T_: Chế độ cắt
F: Lượng tiến dao (m/phút)
S: Số vòng quay trục chính.
T: Gọi dao (chọn dao)
5. Mã lệnh M: Chức năng phụ (tưới nước làm mát, dừng chương trình)
VD: M08/M09: mở/tắt dung dịch tưới nguội
M30: dừng máy.
6. Dấu chấm phẩy: ; (kết thúc câu lệnh, xuống dòng)
7. Kết cấu một câu lệnh: N_ G_ X_ Y_Z_ F_ S_ T_ M_;
105
CNC Milling Accessories: G_ code
CNC Milling Accessories: G_ code
2. Kích thước phôi sử dụng môn học
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
2. Ví dụ vết dao sau khi phay
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
P1
P2
P3
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
P1
P2
P3
2. Ví dụ vết dao sau khi phay
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
P1 P2
P3
P4P5
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
P1 P2
P3
P4P5
2. Ví dụ vết dao sau khi phay
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
X
Y
Z
P1
P2 Hệ tọa độ Đề-các 3D
Ví dụ
P1 X = 30 Y = 2 Z = 0
P2 X = 30 Y = 0 Z = -10
112
Y
Z
P1
P2 Hệ tọa độ Đề-các 3D
Ví dụ
P1 X = 30 Y = 2 Z = 0
P2 X = 30 Y = 0 Z = -10
112
Hệ tọa độ cực
??????:Góc cực.
r: Bán kính cực.
1.Tọađộcựctuyệtđối: X, Y. Câulệnh: G16 G90 X Y
2.Tọađộcựctươngđối: X, Y. Câulệnh: G16 G91 X Y
Với X = r: Bán kính cực
Y = ??????:Góc cực
113
??????:Góc cực.
r: Bán kính cực.
1.Tọađộcựctuyệtđối: X, Y. Câulệnh: G16 G90 X Y
2.Tọađộcựctươngđối: X, Y. Câulệnh: G16 G91 X Y
Với X = r: Bán kính cực
Y = ??????:Góc cực
113
CNC Milling Accessories: G-code
116
80
100
60
R20
X
Y
O
20
Gia công phay chi tiết có kích thước như hình trên
80
100
60
R20
X
Y
O
20
Gia công phay chi tiết có kích thước như hình trên
117Gia công phay chi tiết có kích thước như hình trên
50
100
60
R15
X
Y
O
30
80
R5
50
100
60
R15
X
Y
O
30
80
R5
118
CNC Milling Accessories: G-code
CNC Milling Accessories: G-code
CNC Milling Accessories: G-code
CNC Milling Accessories: G-code
CNC Milling Accessories: G-code
CNC Milling Accessories: G-code
CNC Milling Accessories: G-code
CNC Milling Accessories: G-code
CNC Milling Accessories: G-code
CNC Milling Accessories: G-code
5. CHU TRÌNH KHOAN LỖ: G81/ G82/ G83
5.1 Chu trình khoan lỗ cạn: G81
Mã lệnh: G98/G99 G81X_ Y_ Z_ R_ F_ ;
Với X_ Y_: Tọa độ lỗ khoan
R_: Cao độ mặt phẳng tham chiếu
Z_: Chiều sâu lỗ khoan
F: Lượng tiến dao
VÍ DỤ:
%O0100
G90 G80 G17 G40 G49 G54;
T1 M6;
G00 X0. Y0.;
M03 S500;
G43 H1Z50.;
G1 Z10. F150;
G99 G81X25. Y20. Z-10. R10.
F20.;
G80;
M05;
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G28 X0. Y0.;
M30;
%
129
5.1 Chu trình khoan lỗ cạn: G81
Mã lệnh: G98/G99 G81X_ Y_ Z_ R_ F_ ;
Với X_ Y_: Tọa độ lỗ khoan
R_: Cao độ mặt phẳng tham chiếu
Z_: Chiều sâu lỗ khoan
F: Lượng tiến dao
VÍ DỤ:
%O0100
G90 G80 G17 G40 G49 G54;
T1 M6;
G00 X0. Y0.;
M03 S500;
G43 H1Z50.;
G1 Z10. F150;
G99 G81X25. Y20. Z-10. R10.
F20.;
G80;
M05;
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G28 X0. Y0.;
M30;
%
129
5. CHU TRÌNH KHOAN LỖ: G81/ G82/ G83
5.2 Chu trình khoan lỗ tâm có thời gian dừng ở đáy lỗ: G82
Khoan với thời gian dao tạm dừng ở đáy lỗ. Dùng để khoan tâm, khoét
lỗ miệng… yêu cầu độ bóng ở đáy lỗ. Thường dùng khi cần lập trình tốc
độ trục chính chậm.
Mã lệnh: G98/G99 G82X_ Y_ Z_ R_ P_F_ ;
Với X_ Y_: Tọa độ lỗ khoan
R_: Cao độ mặt phẳng tham chiếu
Z_: Chiều sâu lỗ khoan
P_: Thời gian tạm dừng ở đáy lỗ (1000 = 1 giây)
F_: Lượng tiến dao
130
%O0110
G90 G80 G17 G40 G49 G54;
T1 M6;
G00 X0. Y0.;
M03 S500;
G43 H1 Z50.;
G1 Z10. F150;
G99 G82X25. Y20. Z-5. R20.
P5000F20.;
G80;
M05;
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G28 X0. Y0.;
M30;
%
5.2 Chu trình khoan lỗ tâm có thời gian dừng ở đáy lỗ: G82
Khoan với thời gian dao tạm dừng ở đáy lỗ. Dùng để khoan tâm, khoét
lỗ miệng… yêu cầu độ bóng ở đáy lỗ. Thường dùng khi cần lập trình tốc
độ trục chính chậm.
Mã lệnh: G98/G99 G82X_ Y_ Z_ R_ P_F_ ;
Với X_ Y_: Tọa độ lỗ khoan
R_: Cao độ mặt phẳng tham chiếu
Z_: Chiều sâu lỗ khoan
P_: Thời gian tạm dừng ở đáy lỗ (1000 = 1 giây)
F_: Lượng tiến dao
130
%O0110
G90 G80 G17 G40 G49 G54;
T1 M6;
G00 X0. Y0.;
M03 S500;
G43 H1 Z50.;
G1 Z10. F150;
G99 G82X25. Y20. Z-5. R20.
P5000F20.;
G80;
M05;
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G28 X0. Y0.;
M30;
%
5. CHU TRÌNH KHOAN LỖ: G81/ G82/ G83
5.3 Chu trình khoan có chế độ bẻ phoi: G83
Trênvậtliệucứng,giòn
Mã lệnh: G98/G99 G83X_ Y_ Z_ R_ Q_F_ ;
Với X_ Y_: Tọa độ lỗ khoan
R_: Cao độ mặt phẳng tham chiếu
Z_: Chiều sâu lỗ khoan
Q_: Chiều sâu mỗi bước nhấn.
F: Lượng tiến dao
VÍ DỤ:
%
O0111
G00G90 G80 G17 G40 G49 G54;
T1 M6;
G00 X0. Y0.;
M03 S500;
G43 H1 Z50.;
G1 Z10. F150;
G99 G83 X25. Y20. Z-20. R20. Q5.F20.;
G80;
M05;
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G28 X0. Y0.;
M30;
%
131
5.3 Chu trình khoan có chế độ bẻ phoi: G83
Trênvậtliệucứng,giòn
Mã lệnh: G98/G99 G83X_ Y_ Z_ R_ Q_F_ ;
Với X_ Y_: Tọa độ lỗ khoan
R_: Cao độ mặt phẳng tham chiếu
Z_: Chiều sâu lỗ khoan
Q_: Chiều sâu mỗi bước nhấn.
F: Lượng tiến dao
VÍ DỤ:
%
O0111
G00G90 G80 G17 G40 G49 G54;
T1 M6;
G00 X0. Y0.;
M03 S500;
G43 H1 Z50.;
G1 Z10. F150;
G99 G83 X25. Y20. Z-20. R20. Q5.F20.;
G80;
M05;
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G28 X0. Y0.;
M30;
%
131
Cấutrúctổngquát
G90/G91G98/G99GxxX_Y_Z_R_F_P_Q_K_;
G80;
Trongđó:
G90/G91–tọađộtuyệtđối/tọađộtươngđối
G98/G99–chọnvịtrílùidaosaukhigiacông
Gxx–tênchutrình
X,Y–tọađộtâmlỗ
Z–tọađộchiềusâucủalỗ
R–caođộantoàn
F–lượngchạydao(bướctiến)
P–thờigiandừngởđáylỗ
Q–chiềusâumộtlầnkhoan
K–sốlầnlậplạichutrình
G80–Hủybỏchutrình
132
G90/G91G98/G99GxxX_Y_Z_R_F_P_Q_K_;
G80;
Trongđó:
G90/G91–tọađộtuyệtđối/tọađộtươngđối
G98/G99–chọnvịtrílùidaosaukhigiacông
Gxx–tênchutrình
X,Y–tọađộtâmlỗ
Z–tọađộchiềusâucủalỗ
R–caođộantoàn
F–lượngchạydao(bướctiến)
P–thờigiandừngởđáylỗ
Q–chiềusâumộtlầnkhoan
K–sốlầnlậplạichutrình
G80–Hủybỏchutrình
132
Đườngchạydaotổngquát khi gia công lỗ:
1. Dichuyểnnhanhtớitâmlỗởvịtrí xuấtphát
2. Dichuyểnnhanhtớivịtríantoàn
3. DichuyểnvớibướctiếnFđểgia côngtớiđáylỗ
4. Giacôngtạiđáylỗ
5. Luidaonhanhvềvịtríantoàn (G99)
6. Hoặcluinhanhvềvịtríxuấtphát (G98)
Lưuý:
•CaođộantoànRvàchiềusâuZcóthểtínhtheotuyệt
đốihaytươngđối.
•ThamsốPđượctínhtheophầnngàngiây.VD:
P1000=1s.
•ThamsốKđượctínhtheotươngđối(G91).Nếuviết
theotuyệtđối, máysẽgiacôngtạimộtvịtríKlần.
•Khôngđượckhaibáocáclệnhdichuyểndaocơbản
(G0,G1,G2,G3)xengiữachutrìnhvìsẽlàmchutrì
nh bịhủy.
• Dùng lệnh G80 để hủy chu trình gia công lỗ khi gia
công hoàn tất.
133
1. Dichuyểnnhanhtớitâmlỗởvịtrí xuấtphát
2. Dichuyểnnhanhtớivịtríantoàn
3. DichuyểnvớibướctiếnFđểgia côngtớiđáylỗ
4. Giacôngtạiđáylỗ
5. Luidaonhanhvềvịtríantoàn (G99)
6. Hoặcluinhanhvềvịtríxuấtphát (G98)
Lưuý:
•CaođộantoànRvàchiềusâuZcóthểtínhtheotuyệt
đốihaytươngđối.
•ThamsốPđượctínhtheophầnngàngiây.VD:
P1000=1s.
•ThamsốKđượctínhtheotươngđối(G91).Nếuviết
theotuyệtđối, máysẽgiacôngtạimộtvịtríKlần.
•Khôngđượckhaibáocáclệnhdichuyểndaocơbản
(G0,G1,G2,G3)xengiữachutrìnhvìsẽlàmchutrì
nh bịhủy.
• Dùng lệnh G80 để hủy chu trình gia công lỗ khi gia
công hoàn tất.
133
134
5.4 Chu trình taro ren phải / ren trái: G84/G74
Mã lệnh: G98/G99 G84/G74X_ Y_ Z_ R_ P_F_K_;
Với X_ Y_: Tọa độ lỗ taro.
R_: Cao độ mặt phẳng tham chiếu (an toàn)
Z_: Chiều sâu lỗ taro
F_: Lượng tiến dao (F = S x P)
P_: Thời gian dừng, tính bằng mili giây
K_: Số lần lập lại chu trình
Bước tiến dao F:
G94 : mm/phút F = S x P
S: Số vòng quay trục chính
P: Bước ren
G95 : mm/vòng F = P
Lưu ý: Sau khi sử dụng G95, phải hủy
lệnh G95 bằng lệnh G94
5.4 Chu trình taro ren phải / ren trái: G84/G74
Mã lệnh: G98/G99 G84/G74X_ Y_ Z_ R_ P_F_K_;
Với X_ Y_: Tọa độ lỗ taro.
R_: Cao độ mặt phẳng tham chiếu (an toàn)
Z_: Chiều sâu lỗ taro
F_: Lượng tiến dao (F = S x P)
P_: Thời gian dừng, tính bằng mili giây
K_: Số lần lập lại chu trình
Bước tiến dao F:
G94 : mm/phút F = S x P
S: Số vòng quay trục chính
P: Bước ren
G95 : mm/vòng F = P
Lưu ý: Sau khi sử dụng G95, phải hủy
lệnh G95 bằng lệnh G94
135
VÍ DỤ: Khoan lỗ, taro M10 x 1.5.
Dùng G94
% O1001
G90 G80 G17 G40 G49 G54;
T1 M6; (Khoan D8.5)
G00 X0. Y0.;
M03 S500;
G43 H1 Z50.;
G1 Z10. F150;
G99 G83 X25. Y20. Z-20. R20. Q5.
F20.;
G80;
M5;
T2 M6; (Taro M10x1.5)
G00 X0. Y0.;
M03 S200;
G43 H2 Z50.;
G99G84 X25. Y20. Z-20. R20.
P1000F300.;
G80;
M05;
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G28 X0. Y0.;
M30; %
VÍ DỤ 2: Khoan lỗ, taro M10 x 1.5.
Dùng G95
% O1001
G90 G80 G17 G40 G49 G54;
T1 M6; (Khoan D8.5)
G00 X0. Y0.;
M03 S500;
G43 H1 Z50.;
G1 Z10. F150;
G99 G83 X25. Y20. Z-20. R20. Q5.
F20.;
G80;
M5;
T2 M6; (Taro M10x1.5)
G00 X0. Y0.;
M03 S200;
G43 H2 Z50.;
G99G95G84 X25. Y20. Z-20. R20.
P1000F1.5;
G80G94;
M05;
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G28 X0. Y0.;
M30; %
VÍ DỤ: Khoan lỗ, taro M10 x 1.5.
Dùng G94
% O1001
G90 G80 G17 G40 G49 G54;
T1 M6; (Khoan D8.5)
G00 X0. Y0.;
M03 S500;
G43 H1 Z50.;
G1 Z10. F150;
G99 G83 X25. Y20. Z-20. R20. Q5.
F20.;
G80;
M5;
T2 M6; (Taro M10x1.5)
G00 X0. Y0.;
M03 S200;
G43 H2 Z50.;
G99G84 X25. Y20. Z-20. R20.
P1000F300.;
G80;
M05;
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G28 X0. Y0.;
M30; %
VÍ DỤ 2: Khoan lỗ, taro M10 x 1.5.
Dùng G95
% O1001
G90 G80 G17 G40 G49 G54;
T1 M6; (Khoan D8.5)
G00 X0. Y0.;
M03 S500;
G43 H1 Z50.;
G1 Z10. F150;
G99 G83 X25. Y20. Z-20. R20. Q5.
F20.;
G80;
M5;
T2 M6; (Taro M10x1.5)
G00 X0. Y0.;
M03 S200;
G43 H2 Z50.;
G99G95G84 X25. Y20. Z-20. R20.
P1000F1.5;
G80G94;
M05;
G91 G28 Z0.;
G91 G28 X0. Y0.;
M30; %
Bảng tổng hợp các chu trình gia công lỗ
TT Chu trình
1 Chu trình khoan lỗ -G81
2 Chu trình khoan lỗ định tâm -G82
3 Chu trình khoan lỗ sâu với cơ chế bẻ phoi và lấy phoi ra -G83
4 Chu trình gia công ren phải/ trái -G84/ G74
5 Chu trình doa lỗ tinh -G85
6 Chu trình doa lỗ thô -G86
7 Chu trình gia công lỗ bậc -G87
8 Chu trình doa lỗ -G88
9 Chu trình doa lỗ -G89
136
TT Chu trình
1 Chu trình khoan lỗ -G81
2 Chu trình khoan lỗ định tâm -G82
3 Chu trình khoan lỗ sâu với cơ chế bẻ phoi và lấy phoi ra -G83
4 Chu trình gia công ren phải/ trái -G84/ G74
5 Chu trình doa lỗ tinh -G85
6 Chu trình doa lỗ thô -G86
7 Chu trình gia công lỗ bậc -G87
8 Chu trình doa lỗ -G88
9 Chu trình doa lỗ -G89
136
CAD/CAM CNC Techniques
Conclusion
Introduction
Turning CNC
machine
Milling CNC
Machine
CAM
1
2
3
4
5
Contents
Introduction1
Turning CNC machine2
Milling CNC machine3
Topic research5
Topic
Research
4CAM by software
Conclusion
Introduction
Turning CNC
machine
Milling CNC
Machine
CAM
1
2
3
4
5
Contents
Introduction1
Turning CNC machine2
Milling CNC machine3
Topic research5
Topic
Research
4CAM by software
Mastercam: Contour toolpath
Mastercam: Facing toolpath
Mastercam: Pocket and contour toolpaths
Mastercam: Surface Roughing
Mastercam: Surface Finishing
CAD/CAM CNC Techniques
Conclusion
Introduction
Turning CNC
machine
Milling CNC
Machine
CAM
1
2
3
4
5
Contents
Introduction1
Turning CNC machine2
Milling CNC machine3
Topic
Research
4CAM by software
Topic research5
Conclusion
Introduction
Turning CNC
machine
Milling CNC
Machine
CAM
1
2
3
4
5
Contents
Introduction1
Turning CNC machine2
Milling CNC machine3
Topic
Research
4CAM by software
Topic research5
➢Improving the machine's linear resolution
➢Speedy recalibration of volumetric envelope
➢The increasing importance of condition monitoring
➢Improving inertial response of slideway motion
➢Thermal drift and damping improvements
➢Ultra-high speeds for non-ferrous/metallic machining operations
➢Increased productivity
➢Minimal changes in material properties
➢Distortion of workpiece reduced
➢Burr-free improved finish
➢Thin-section machining potential
➢Tool life improvements
➢Reduction in cutting tool varieties
➢Fixturing of simpler design
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
➢Speedy recalibration of volumetric envelope
➢The increasing importance of condition monitoring
➢Improving inertial response of slideway motion
➢Thermal drift and damping improvements
➢Ultra-high speeds for non-ferrous/metallic machining operations
➢Increased productivity
➢Minimal changes in material properties
➢Distortion of workpiece reduced
➢Burr-free improved finish
➢Thin-section machining potential
➢Tool life improvements
➢Reduction in cutting tool varieties
➢Fixturing of simpler design
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
CNC Milling Accessories: Work-holding mechanisms
O0002
G91G28X0Y0Z0
G40G17G80G49
T2M6
G90G54
G43H2Z20.000
G0X0.000Y0.000S11000M3
G0X17.000Y25.000Z5.000
G1Z-0.500F200.0
G1Y35.000F800.0
G02X30.000Y48.000I13.000J0.000
G1X70.000
G02X83.000Y35.000I0.000J-13.000
G1Y25.000
G02X70.000Y12.000I-13.000J0.000
G1X30.000
G02X17.000Y25.000I0.000J13.000
G0Z5.000
G28G91Z0
G28X0Y0
M30
%O0003
G91G28X0Y0Z0
G40G17G80G49
T2M6
G90G54
G43H2Z20.000
G0X0.000Y0.000S11000M3
G0X23.000Y30.000Z5.000
G1Z-0.500F200.0
G03X30.000Y23.000I7.000J0.000F800.0
G03X37.000Y30.000I0.000J7.000
G03X30.000Y37.000I-7.000J0.000
G03X23.000Y30.000I0.000J-7.000
G0Z5.000
G0X47.000
G1Z-0.500F200.0
G03X60.000Y17.000I13.000J0.000F800.0
G03X73.000Y30.000I0.000J13.000
G03X60.000Y43.000I-13.000J0.000
G03X47.000Y30.000I0.000J-13.000
G0Z5.000
G28G91Z0
G28X0Y0
M30
O0002
G91G28X0Y0Z0
G40G17G80G49
T2M6
G90G54
G43H2Z20.000
G0X0.000Y0.000S11000M3
G0X17.000Y25.000Z5.000
G1Z-0.500F200.0
G1Y35.000F800.0
G02X30.000Y48.000I13.000J0.000
G1X70.000
G02X83.000Y35.000I0.000J-13.000
G1Y25.000
G02X70.000Y12.000I-13.000J0.000
G1X30.000
G02X17.000Y25.000I0.000J13.000
G0Z5.000
G28G91Z0
G28X0Y0
M30
%O0003
G91G28X0Y0Z0
G40G17G80G49
T2M6
G90G54
G43H2Z20.000
G0X0.000Y0.000S11000M3
G0X23.000Y30.000Z5.000
G1Z-0.500F200.0
G03X30.000Y23.000I7.000J0.000F800.0
G03X37.000Y30.000I0.000J7.000
G03X30.000Y37.000I-7.000J0.000
G03X23.000Y30.000I0.000J-7.000
G0Z5.000
G0X47.000
G1Z-0.500F200.0
G03X60.000Y17.000I13.000J0.000F800.0
G03X73.000Y30.000I0.000J13.000
G03X60.000Y43.000I-13.000J0.000
G03X47.000Y30.000I0.000J-13.000
G0Z5.000
G28G91Z0
G28X0Y0
M30
Some topic research on the CNC technique
Câu 1
➢ Cho hệ 1 trục của máy phay CNC như hình sau
Cho biết: động cơ quay 1 bước là 1,8
0
; tỉ số truyền của hộp số
là 5, tỉ số truyền đai là 5, vít me có bước ren m=4 mm.
a, Tìm BLU của hệ ở hình trên là bao nhiêu?
b, Khi động cơ quay với tốc độ 150 vòng/ phút
Hỏi tốc độ bàn máy là bao nhiêu?
➢ Cho hệ 1 trục của máy phay CNC như hình sau
Cho biết: động cơ quay 1 bước là 1,8
0
; tỉ số truyền của hộp số
là 5, tỉ số truyền đai là 5, vít me có bước ren m=4 mm.
a, Tìm BLU của hệ ở hình trên là bao nhiêu?
b, Khi động cơ quay với tốc độ 150 vòng/ phút
Hỏi tốc độ bàn máy là bao nhiêu?
Bài tập viêt code
Viết chương trình gia công phay CNC chi tiết như hình bên dưới:
Cho biết dao T03 có 5 mm , chiều sâu gia công 0.5 mm., T04: mũi
khoan 8.5 mm, T05: mũi Taro M10x1.25
Bài 10
80
30
Viết chương trình gia công phay CNC chi tiết như hình bên dưới:
Cho biết dao T03 có 5 mm , chiều sâu gia công 0.5 mm., T04: mũi
khoan 8.5 mm, T05: mũi Taro M10x1.25
Bài 10
80
30
Bài tập CAM ngược
O4602;
G90 G21 G17 G94 G80 G40;
M03 S500;
G54;
G00 X24. Y12.5;
G43 H03 Z150.;
G01 Z-0.5 F80;
G02 Y47.5 I23.749 J17.5 F250;
G01 X55. F350;
G02 Y12.5 I0. J-17.5 F250;
G01 X24. F350;
G00 Z5. ;
G01 Z-1. F80;
G02 X47.5 I23.749 J17.5 F250;
G01 X55. F350;
G02 Y12.5 I0. J -17.5 F250;
G01 X24. F350;
G00 Z200.;
M05;
M02;
M30;
Dao T03 có 5 mm
Vẽ hình chi tiết gia công phay CNC từ chương trình sau:
Bài 02
O4602;
G90 G21 G17 G94 G80 G40;
M03 S500;
G54;
G00 X24. Y12.5;
G43 H03 Z150.;
G01 Z-0.5 F80;
G02 Y47.5 I23.749 J17.5 F250;
G01 X55. F350;
G02 Y12.5 I0. J-17.5 F250;
G01 X24. F350;
G00 Z5. ;
G01 Z-1. F80;
G02 X47.5 I23.749 J17.5 F250;
G01 X55. F350;
G02 Y12.5 I0. J -17.5 F250;
G01 X24. F350;
G00 Z200.;
M05;
M02;
M30;
Dao T03 có 5 mm
Vẽ hình chi tiết gia công phay CNC từ chương trình sau:
Bài 02
Câu 4: (1 điểm) Viết câu lệnh Chu trình khoan có chế độ bẻ phoi?
Mã lệnh: G98/G99 G83X_ Y_ Z_ R_ Q_F_ ;
Trong đó: G98:
G99:
G83:
X_ Y_: Tọa độ lỗ khoan
R_: Cao độ mặt phẳng tham chiếu
Z_: Chiều sâu lỗ khoan
Q_: Chiều sâu mỗi bước nhấn.
F: Lượng tiến dao
165
Mã lệnh: G98/G99 G83X_ Y_ Z_ R_ Q_F_ ;
Trong đó: G98:
G99:
G83:
X_ Y_: Tọa độ lỗ khoan
R_: Cao độ mặt phẳng tham chiếu
Z_: Chiều sâu lỗ khoan
Q_: Chiều sâu mỗi bước nhấn.
F: Lượng tiến dao
165
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