Oral presentation angkor wat

epc

1. ORAL PRESENTATION (PART 1) NAME: LOH PEY MUN ID: 0318572 MODULE: COM30103 SUBMISSION: 19 JANUARY 2015

2. ANGKOR WAT

3. CONTENTS Brief Bio of Angkor Wat Historical Structure and layout of the building monuments and ornamentation Types of materials Other informations

4. CITY OF TEMPLE It is the largest religious monument in the world. “ Angkor ” means city ; “ W at ” means temple . Located at Siem Reap Province, Cambodia . Is one of the important archaeological sites in South-East Asia.

5. Size: 208 Hectares. Angkor Wat was built in the first half of the 12th century ( 113-5BC) by King Suryavarman II, dedicated to Vishu (Hindu). This construction time of the temple was almost 30 years.

6. Angkor Wat is the best preserved, is an architectural masterpiece. Its perfection in composition, balance, proportions, relief's and sculpture make it one of the finest monuments in the world. In 1992, according to the cultural heritage , ANGKOR WAT enrolled by United Nation, UN into World Heritage. So , UNESCO has set up a wide-ranging programmed to safeguard this symbolic site and its surroundings.

7. HISTORICAL

8. Khmer Empire Began in the 9 th century. The first King of the empire was Jayavarman Ⅱ . He proclaimed Cambodia’s independence from Java. In year 802, he established his state to be a King. Jayavarman Ⅱ

9. After the several generation of the King’s efforts, in the early 12 th century, Khmer Empire expansion into most of the territory of Thailand. Each generation of kings also built their own temple to memory them .

10. Suryavarman Ⅱ In the first half of the 12 th century, Khmer Empire was dominated by King of Cambodia, Suryavarman Ⅱ and moved to Angkor. By killed his uncle Dharanindravarman I . Because he dominated the empire from illegal means, so, he need to consolidate his prestige . And last, he built Angkor Wat . Whose immense architectural realization of Angkor Wat was to mark the apogee of classical Khmer. Suryavarman Ⅱ

11. In 1177, approximately 27 years after the death of Suryavarman II, Angkor was sacked by the Chams , the traditional enemies of the Khmer. Thereafter the empire was restored by a new king, Jayavarman VII, who established a new capital and state temple Angkor Thom and the Bayon respectively. Henri Mouhot popularised the temple in the west in the mid 19th-century. In the late 13th century, Angkor Wat gradually moved from Hindu to Theravada Buddhist use, which continues to the present day.

12. Angkor Abandoned In 1431 year, Siam broken Zhenla capital of Angkor. Zhenla moved the capital to Phnom Penh. Angkor Wat abandoned by Khmer and the temple slowly covered by the forest. Many years ago, some Khmer’s hunters went into the forest to hunt and accidentally discovered Angkor Wat . 16 century , the temple is known as Angkor Wat .

13. Angkor Wat after the Khmer Empire In 1860 , the French led an expedition into the heart of Cambodia attempting, inspired by the European hunger for exploration and discovery . Since the mid-1800s Europe and the West have been spellbound by the ancient city of Angkor Wat . The French pioneered an Angkor Wat restoration project in 1908 that continues to this day.

14. STRUCTURE AND LAYOUT, ORNAMENTATION

15. The Overall Plan of Angkor Wat MOAT FOREST WEST GOPURA EAST GOPURA NORTH GAPURA SOUTH GAPURA LILY POND CAUSEWAY SANCTUARY

16. MOAT Length : 5700 meters Wide : 190 meters Depth : 4 Meters Connected with Siem Reap River. To protect Angkor Wat . Water for drinking and irrigation.

17. LILY POND

18. CAUSEWAY Length : 200 meters Wide : 12 meters Covered with sandstone. Central there is a cross platform for people to take water.

19. SANCTUARY B uilt on 3 levels . F irst level consists of an open gallery , with the inner wall continuously covered with bas-relief depicting scenes from the Mahabharata, the Ramayama and other stories from the Hindu pantheon. A flight of stairs leads to the second level which is less ornate, and a very steep stairway leads up to the top level with its central sanctuary .

20. Angkor Wat I nner Sanctuary First Level Second Level T hird Level

21. First Level I s a open gallery -Battle of Lanka -Battle of Kurukshetra -The Grand Army -Heavens and Hells -Battle of Gods and Demons -Victory of Vishun over Asuras -Victory of Krishna - Churming of the sea of milk Inside also have some figure of Buddha.

22. Battle of Lanka Battle of Kurukshetra The Grand Army Heavens and Hells

23. Churming of the sea of milk Battle of Gods and Demons Victory of Vishun over Asuras Victory of Krishna

24. There are two library at the first level. One at north site and another one at south site. At Angkor Wat , there are many Hindu statue without head. It was because they were stolen.

25. Second Level

26. Third Level

27. Other Decoration Devatas are characteristic of the Angkor Wat style . Deva is the Hindu term for deity (god). Angkor Wat special pillars.

28. Hindu head is the icon of Khmer civilization, Angkor Wat in Cambodia endures as a revered religious shrine. Vishnu statue, Angkor Wat

29. TYPES OF MATERIALS

30. Laterite Angkor Wat’s foundation is made up of laterite. Laterite is a red , porous soil that contain a high iron content. It is found in hot and wet tropical environments. Builders formed the laterite into bricks, which dried when exposed to air. The temple’s outer wall also made up by laterite.

31. Sandstone Buildings Blocks Is the main building material for Angkor Wat’s walls and towers. Identified the types of sandstone is based on the color, texture, chemical composition and mineral content. Gray to yellow-brown stone , red sandstone and green greywacke are hard sandstone. Transported from Mount Kulen . Water, bat droppings, weathering, trees, algae, lichens will damaged the stone.

32. Timber Timber was used for non-religious buildings such as, pavilions and dwellings. Due to the perishable nature of timber, there are very few examples of wood building remains at Angkor. The remains of only a few door lintels and timber supports can be noted today in some of the gopuras (door of temple).

33. Metalwork To tie stone blocks together and possibly for sheets of metal used to line some sanctuary walls. Used to attach some type of wall covering.

34. Stucco Used as a finish materials on the brick monuments in Angkor. Made by lime and a coarse sand. Is very durable and adheres well to the brick wall.

35. OTHER INFORMATIONS