Oral_Presentation_essay_on_community.pptx

This is a PowerPoint presentation about Ethiopia's lack of access to clean water and how household filters can provide a solution.

1. Clean Water for a Healthy Ethiopia

2. Do you know unsafe water is responsible… Image source: tukurtukurfoundation. com For the loss of 25,000 under-fives per year in Ethiopia alone?

3. Why ? Many people lack access to pure drinking water relayed on unsafe water source. Source: WASH, 2024

4. What brings this about? 60- 80% of Health problems are due to unsafe water The cause of 14% of under-five deaths . Sources: WHO, 2024 WASH, 2024 Atumo , 2024 CSA, 2016

5. How can we solve it? So, people don’t treat water? Image: creativecommons.org

6. Ceramic and bio-sand filters(CF and BSF) BSF r emoves pathogens, iron, turbidity, and manganese from drinking water using sand and gravel to filter water. A ceramic filter uses tiny pores on a ceramic surface to filter bacteria and sediment out of drinking water. Image: creativecommons.org

7. Effectiveness of ceramic and bio-sand water filters Both CFs and BSF were found to reduce contaminants in a laboratory trial. Both methods were found to be effective during field sampling to reduce borne illnesses. Sources: Maropeng et al., 2018 Brown & Sobsey , 2009 Abebe et al., 2014 Stauber et al., 2006

8. Beyond effectiveness, feasibility? Sources: Freitas,2022 Ren,2013

9. Equipping the community

10. Take away Let's turn water from a deadly force into an ingredient for survival for millions.

11. Thank you

12. References Abebe, L. S., Smith, J. A., Narkiewicz , S., Oyanedel -Craver, V., Conaway, M., Singo , A., Amidou , S., Mojapelo , P., Brant, J., & Dillingham, R. (2014). Ceramic water filters impregnated with silver nanoparticles as a point-of-use water-treatment intervention for HIV-positive individuals in Limpopo Province, South Africa: A pilot study of technological performance and human health benefits. Journal of Water and Health, 12(2), 288–300. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2013.185 Ante, A. A., Bogale , G. A., & Adem , B. M. (2023). Bacteriological and physicochemical quality of drinking water and associated risk factors in Ethiopia. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2023.2219473 Bipin Dangol (Environment and Public Health Organization & Dorothee Spuhler ( seecon international gmbh ). (n.d.). Biosand Filter. SSWM - Find Tools for Sustainable Sanitation and Water Management! https://sswm.info/sswm-solutions-bop-markets/affordable-wash-services-and-products/affordable-water-supply/biosand-filter

13. Brown, J., & Sobsey , M. D. (2009). Microbiological effectiveness of locally produced ceramic filters for drinking water treatment in Cambodia. Journal of Water and Health, 8(1), 1– 10. https://doi.org/10.2166/wh.2009.007 CSA. (2016). Central Statistical Agency (CSA) [Ethiopia] and ICF. Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. Addis Ababa. USA. www.DHSprogram.com Damtew , Y. T., & Geremew , A. (2020). Households with unimproved water sources in Ethiopia: Spatial variation and point-of-use treatment based on 2016 Demographic and Health Survey. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 25(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-020-00921-1 Delaire , C., Peletz , R., Kumpel , E., Kisiangani , J., Bain, R., & Khush, R. (2017). How much will it cost to monitor microbial drinking water quality in Sub-Saharan Africa? Environmental Science & Technology, 51(11), 5869–5878. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b06442 6 For every child, clean water! (n.d.). UNICEF Ethiopia. https://www.unicef.org/ethiopia/everychild-clean-water Freitas, B. L. S., Terin, U. C., Fava, N., Maciel , P. M. F., Garcia, L. a. T., Medeiros, R. C., De Oliveira, M. A., Fernández‐Ibáñez, P., Byrne, J., & Sabogal -Paz, L. P. (2022). A critical overview of household slow sand filters for water treatment. Water Research, 208, 117870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117870

14. Moropeng , R. C., Budeli , P., Mpenyana-Monyatsi , L., & Momba , M. N. B. (2018). Dramatic reduction in diarrhoeal diseases through implementation of cost-effective household drinking water treatment systems in Makwane village, Limpopo province, South Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030410 Ren, D., Colosi , L. M., & Smith, J. A. (2013). Evaluating the sustainability of ceramic filters for Point-of-Use Drinking Water treatment. Environmental Science & Technology, 47(19), 11206–11213. https://doi.org/10.1021/es4026084 Stauber , C. E., Elliot, M. A., Koksal , F., Ortiz, G. M., DiGiano , F. A., & Sobsey , M. D. (2006). Characterisation of the biosand filter for E. coli reductions from household drinking water under controlled laboratory and field use conditions. Water Science and Technology, 54(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.440 Steven, J. a. C., Thorn, R., Robinson, G., Turner, D., Lee, J. E., & Reynolds, D. M. (2022). The control of waterborne pathogenic bacteria in fresh water using a biologically active filter. Npj Clean Water, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-022-00169-y WASH. (2024, March 21). WHO | Regional Office for Africa. https://www.afro.who.int/healthtopics/ethiopia-water-sanitation-and-hygine-wash WHO. (2024, March 20). Household water treatment and safe storage. https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/water-sanitation-andhealth/water-safety-and-quality/household-water-treatment-and-safe-storage World Health Organization. (2022). Surveillance. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality - NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK579449