Orchiectomy

Orchiectomy

1. Orchiectomy Presented by---- Mrs. Usha Rani Kandula , MSc.Nursing , Assistant professor, Department of Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella , Ethiopia.

2. ORCHITIS - Orchitis refers to - an acute inflammation of the testis. -In orchitis , the testis is painful, tender, and swollen.

3. Anatomy of Testes -The testes are the reproductive glands of the male. -They are surrounded by three layers of tissue . The tunica vaginalis . The tunica albuginea . The tunica vasculosa .

4. Structure of Testes

5. -It generally occurs after an episode of bacterial or viral infection such as - mumps , - pneumonia , - tuberculosis , or - syphilis .

6. -It can also be a side effect of - epididymitis , -prostatectomy, -trauma, - infectious of the testis , -influenza, -catheterization , or complicated UTI.

7. Mumps orchitis -Mumps orchitis is a condition contributing to infertility that could be avoided by childhood vaccination against mumps.

8. Management of Orchitis -Treatment involves the use of antibiotics (if the organism is known), -pain medications, -or bed rest with the scrotum elevated on an ice pack.  

9. Orchiectomy Procedure -An   orchiectomy  is surgery done to remove one or both of your testicles. - It's commonly performed to treat or prevent prostate cancer from spreading.

10. Bilateral orchiectomy -A bilateral orchiectomy may be performed in patients with prostatic cancer to alter the hormonal environment.

11. Psychologic preparation of the patient - Psychologic preparation is important to help the patient accept the sterilization and the other body changes.

12. Performing bilateral oblique incisions. -In this procedure, - bilateral oblique incisions in the inguinal canals extend into the upper anterior surface of the scrotum over the testes.

13. Removal of Testis -The testes are removed from the scrotum after ligation of the spermatic cords at the external or internal inguinal rings.

14. Implantation of Silicone rubber prostheses -Silicone rubber prostheses may be implanted in the scrotal sac to improve aesthetic appearance, -which helps with the psychologic rehabilitation of the patient.

15. Unilateral orchiectomy -The removal of one testis (unilateral orchiectomy ) does not sterilize the patient. -This procedure may be indicated after traumatic injury or infection, -but it is more commonly performed to remove a tumor.

16. Observation of histologic findings -Accurate histologic findings and clinical evaluations of the type of tumor and stage of disease are mandatory for determining the appropriate therapy.

17. Performing Radiology investigations - CTScan Lymphangio-graphy or lympho - scintigraphy are valuable diagnostic tools.

18. Unilateral radical orchiectomy -Unilateral radical orchiectomy via - an inguinal incision may be followed by - radiation or - chemotherapy and - retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.

19. Ligation of spermatic cord and Vas deferens -The spermatic cord and vas deferens are ligated and divided separately at the internal ring so these structures can be identified if further dissection is needed for metastatic disease. Thanking you.