Organ donation

organ donation

1. ORGAN DONATION Presented By: Ms Heena Shastri M.sc (N)

2. Introduction. Definition. Types organ donation. List of organ. Laws. Organization. Consent list for organ donation. Steps . Issues. Advantage & disadvantage Objectives

3. Organ donation takes healthy organs and tissues from one person for transplantation into another. The organs from one donor can save or help as many people. The first human organ transplant was a kidney transplant performed in 1954. The donor of the kidney was the identical twin of the recipient I ntroduction

4. “Organ donation is the process of surgically removing an organ or tissue from one person (the organ donor) and placing it into another person (the recipient). Transplantation is necessary because the recipient’s organ has failed or has been damaged by disease or injury.” “Donation refers to donating human cells, tissues, or organs. intended for human applications. The donor is living or deceased, who is a source of cells, tissues, or organs. for the purpose of transplantation.” D efination

5. Live donors:- A  living - donor  transplant is a surgical procedure to remove an organ or portion of an organ from a  living  person and place it in another person whose organ is no longer functioning properly. one  kidney ,   lung , or a portion of  the liver ,  pancreas , or  intestine . T ypes

6. Decreased donor /dead donor :- deceased organ donation is the process of giving an organ or a part at the time of the donor’s death, for the purpose of transplantation to another person. Heart, kidney, pancreas, stomach, skin, lungs, liver, intestine, cornea and heart valve. Brain dead :- The person who are less chance to live again. Cardiac Death:- When a person suffers a Cardiac death, the heart stops beating. Due to the lack of circulation of blood the vital organs quickly become unusable for transplantation

7. Liver:- A liver transplant is a surgical procedure to remove a diseased liver and replace it with a healthy liver from a donor. Most liver transplant operations use livers from deceased donors. Within 8 hours the liver are transplant In other person . Kidney:- The 85% of patients waiting for kidney in 3 to 5 years a is the average waiting time for a kidney from a deceased donor. A kidney transplant is a surgical procedure to place a kidney from a living or deceased donor into a person whose kidneys no longer function properly. Within 72 hours the liver are transplant In other person . list of organs

8. Heart:- heart Donor  usually come from people who have injured their brain in an accident or who have had a major stroke or dead. There's no age limit to donation the heart will be transplant within 4 to 6 hours. Lung:- Lung transplantation is a surgical procedure in which a patient's diseased lungs are partially or totally replaced by lungs which come from a donor. Donor lungs can be retrieved from a living donor or a deceased donor. A living donor can only donate one lung lobe . within 4 to 6 hours the lungs should be transplant. Eye /Cornea:- The cornea is the clear tissue at the front of eye. Eyes must be removed within 4 - 6 hours after death.

9. Skin:- Donor skin can be frozen and stored for long periods, up to five years. A person can donate their organs only in the case of brain death, But they can donate their eyes and skin even when they suffer a cardiac death. Bone marrow:- A bone marrow transplant is a medical procedure performed to replace bone marrow that has been damaged or destroyed by disease, infection, or chemotherapy. This procedure involves transplanting blood stem cells, which travel to the bone marrow where they produce new blood cells and promote growth of new marrow.

10. Transplantation of Human Organs Act, was passed in 1994 and is aimed at regulation of removal, storage and transplantation of human organs for therapeutic purposes and for prevention of commercial dealings in human organs Act also focuses on the prevention of illegal commercial dealings in various human organs. The Act also defines the process and the criteria meant to be used for the purpose of brain death certification. It allows the transplantation of the human tissues and organs from the living donors as well as cadavers after brain death or cardiac death. The Act authorizes organ donation after the process of brain death. L aw

11. The costs of donor management, transportation, and preservation have to be managed by the recipient, the institution, the government, society or an NGO. The costs should not be managed by the family of the donor. The Act defines procedure and rules for organ donations in different types of medico-legal cases so that controversies regarding the determination of the cause of death as well as delaying in the retrieval of organs can be avoided. The Act also outlines the manpower and facilities that are needed for registration of hospitals as transplant centers. C ont ….

12. National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organization (NOTTO) is a National level organization set up under Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India Lay down policy guidelines and protocols for various functions. Network with similar regional and state level organizations. All registry data from States and Regions would be compiled and published. Creating awareness, promotion of organ donation and transplantation activities. Monitoring of transplantation activities in the Regions and States and maintaining data-bank in this regard. National  Organ & Tissue Transplant Organisation.

13. Regional Organ and Tissue Transplant Organization (ROTTO) Seth G.S. Medical college and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, (Maharashtra) Govt. Multi speciality Hospital, Chennai (Tamil Nadu) Institute of PG Medical Education and Research, Kolkata (West Bengal) State Organ and Transplant Organization (SOTTO) Maharasthra Gujarat, Goa, UTs of DNH, Daman, Diu, M.P. Chhattisgarh Punjab, Haryana, HP, J & K, Chandigarh, Rajasthan and Uttarkhand

14. Consent form from donor and recipient Death certificate from relative of donor Medical reports DNA reports Legal consent. C onsent list for organ donation

15. 1.Identification of the Potential Donor by the Hospital Medical professionals at a hospital identify a potential candidate for donation. The nature of the injury leads a physician to determine the patient is brain dead or a potential donation after circulatory death (DCD) candidate.  2. Evaluation of Donor Eligibility The evaluation includes a medical and social history and physical examination of the patient. This determines whether or not the patient is a suitable candidate for donation.  3. Authorization for Organ Recovery If a donor designation or individual authorization by the decedent cannot be identified, the family must give their consent in order for the donation process to proceed. If the family consents, the legal next-of-kin signs a donor consent form. S teps

16. 4. Medical Maintenance of the Patient Once family consent or donor designation has been provided, clinical coordinator, in concert with the hospital staff, maintains the patient medically. In some cases physician support is requested on a consultation basis.  5. Matching Organs to Potential Recipients Recipient selection is based on blood type, body size, medical urgency and length of time on the waiting list. The heart, liver and lungs are matched by blood type and body size. In matching the pancreas and kidneys, genetic tissue type is also considered.  6. Offering Organs Regionally, Then Nationally A computerized list of waiting patients in the matching blood group is provided to the coordinator who seeks to match organs with recipients in the donation service area. If a match cannot be made for a specific organ within this area, the organ is offered on a regional basis, then nationally, if necessary.

17. 7. Placing Organs and Coordinating Recovery When a recipient match has been found, the coordinator calls the transplant center for the patient who matches the donated organ(s). The patient's transplant surgeon is responsible for making the decision whether to accept the organ. If the surgeon declines the organ for that patient, the coordinator contacts the transplant surgeon of the next patient on the list. This process continues for each organ until all of the organs have been appropriately matched with recipients. The coordinator then arranges for the operating room (for the recovery of the organs) and the arrival and departure times of the transplant surgery teams.  8. Surgical Recovery of Organs When the surgical team arrives, the donor is taken to the operating room where the organs and tissues are recovered through a dignified surgical procedure. In accordance with federal law, physicians recovering the organs do not participate in the donor's care prior to the determination of brain death. 9. Preparing Recipients for Surgery Once the recipients have been identified, they are called by their transplant surgeons for the final pre-operative preparations while the organ recovery process is occurring at the donor hospital. Upon the organs' arrival at the transplant hospital, the recipients are taken to surgery and the transplants are performed. 

18. 10. Distribution of Organs Other organs are taken directly to the recipients by the surgical recovery teams. 11. Funeral and Burial Plans After the recovery process has occurred, the donor family can proceed with funeral or burial plans, which are not affected by organ donation. Organ and tissue donation is a dignified and respectful process. 12. Follow-up with Family and Hospital follows up each donation by sending letters to the donor family, hospital staff, physicians and nurses regarding the organs and tissues that have been recovered.

19. Religions Professional ignorance Shy and fear about donation and receive the organ Lack Of Family Consent. Superstitions And Misconceptions. ... Lack Of Education And Awareness. ... Lack Of Brain Death Declaration. ... Lack Of Organ Transplant And Retrieval Centres . I ssues or problems

20. Helps the person … Improves others' quality of life. ... It's free to become a  donor . ... Live to see who you've affected. ... Make a difference. A dvantages

21. All surgery comes with risks such as ….. Bleeding Infection Blood clots Allergic reactions Damage to nearby organs and tissues. D isadvantage

22. form