Organ system overview

1. Organ System OverviewOrgan System Overview

2. Organ SystemOrgan System
The human organism consists of The human organism consists of
several organ systems.several organ systems.
–Each includes a set of interrelated organs Each includes a set of interrelated organs
that work together to provide specialized that work together to provide specialized
functions.functions.
–Some organs function in multiple systemsSome organs function in multiple systems

3. Body CoveringBody Covering
The Integumentary SystemThe Integumentary System: :
protect underlying tissues, helps protect underlying tissues, helps
regulate body temperature, houses a regulate body temperature, houses a
variety of sensory receptors, keeps variety of sensory receptors, keeps
pathogens out, and synthesizes certain pathogens out, and synthesizes certain
products.products.
–Examples: The skin and various accessory Examples: The skin and various accessory
organs, such as hair, nails, sweat glands, organs, such as hair, nails, sweat glands,
and sebaceous glandsand sebaceous glands

4. Support & MovementSupport & Movement
The organs of the skeletal and The organs of the skeletal and
muscular system support and move muscular system support and move
body parts.body parts.
–Skeletal SystemSkeletal System: bones, ligaments and : bones, ligaments and
cartilage that binds bones togethercartilage that binds bones together
–Muscular SystemMuscular System: muscles & tendons: muscles & tendons

5. Integration & CoordinationIntegration & Coordination
The nervous and endocrine systems control The nervous and endocrine systems control
and adjust various organ functions, which and adjust various organ functions, which
maintains homeostasis.maintains homeostasis.
–Nervous SystemNervous System: brain, spinal cord, nerves, : brain, spinal cord, nerves,
and sense organsand sense organs
–Endocrine SystemEndocrine System: all the glands that secrete : all the glands that secrete
chemical messengers called chemical messengers called hormoneshormones

6. Nervous SystemNervous System
Nerve cells (called Nerve cells (called neuronsneurons) within the body use ) within the body use
electrochemical signals called electrochemical signals called nerve impulsesnerve impulses to to
communicate with one another and with muscles communicate with one another and with muscles
and glands.and glands.
–Each impulse produces a fast response and last a Each impulse produces a fast response and last a
relatively short time.relatively short time.
Some neurons act as specialized receptors that detect Some neurons act as specialized receptors that detect
changes inside and outside the body. changes inside and outside the body. (receptor)(receptor)
Some nerve cells receive the impulses transmitted form these Some nerve cells receive the impulses transmitted form these
sensory receptors and interpret and act on the information sensory receptors and interpret and act on the information
received.received.
Some nerve cells carry impulses from the brain or spinal cord Some nerve cells carry impulses from the brain or spinal cord
to muscles or glands, stimulating them to contract or to to muscles or glands, stimulating them to contract or to
secrete products. secrete products. (effectors)(effectors)

7. Endocrine SystemEndocrine System
All the glands in your body.All the glands in your body.
Secrete Secrete hormones hormones that travel throughout that travel throughout
body in the bloodstream or in body in the bloodstream or in interstitialinterstitial
fluid.fluid.
–A particular hormone affects only a particular A particular hormone affects only a particular
group of cells, called group of cells, called Target CellsTarget Cells..
The affect of a hormone is to alter the metabolism of The affect of a hormone is to alter the metabolism of
the target cells.the target cells.
–Hormonal effects take longer to occur and last a Hormonal effects take longer to occur and last a
relatively long time period.relatively long time period.

8. Endocrine System Cont.Endocrine System Cont.
Hormones regulate metabolismHormones regulate metabolism
–This system includes the pituitary, This system includes the pituitary,
thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands,
as well as the pancreas, ovaries, testes, as well as the pancreas, ovaries, testes,
pineal gland, and thymus gland.pineal gland, and thymus gland.

9. TransportTransport
2 organ systems transport substances 2 organ systems transport substances
throughout the internal environment:throughout the internal environment:
–Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular System: the heart, : the heart,
arteries, veins, capillaries, and bloodarteries, veins, capillaries, and blood
–Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System: lymphatic vessels, : lymphatic vessels,
lymph fluid, lymph nodes, thymus gland, lymph fluid, lymph nodes, thymus gland,
and spleen.and spleen.

10. Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular System
Blood transports Blood transports
gases, such as gases, such as
oxygen and COoxygen and CO
22,,
Transport of Transport of
nutrients, such as nutrients, such as
sugars, and wastesugars, and waste
Transport of Transport of
hormones.hormones.

11. Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System
Transports lymph fluid Transports lymph fluid
from tissues to the from tissues to the
bloodstream.bloodstream.
Carries certain fatty Carries certain fatty
substances away from substances away from
the digestive organs.the digestive organs.
Aids in defending the Aids in defending the
body against disease-body against disease-
causing agents.causing agents.

12. Absorption & ExcretionAbsorption & Excretion
Organs in several systems absorb Organs in several systems absorb
nutrients and oxygen and excrete nutrients and oxygen and excrete
various wastes.various wastes.
–Digestive SystemDigestive System
–Respiratory SystemRespiratory System
–Urinary SystemUrinary System

13. Digestive SystemDigestive System
The digestive system receives foods, The digestive system receives foods,
breaks down food molecules into breaks down food molecules into
nutrients that can pass through cell nutrients that can pass through cell
membranes, and eliminates materials membranes, and eliminates materials
that are not absorbed.that are not absorbed.
–It includes the mouth, tongue, teeth, It includes the mouth, tongue, teeth,
salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas,
small intestine, and large intestine.small intestine, and large intestine.

15. Respiratory SystemRespiratory System
The respiratory The respiratory
system takes in system takes in
oxygen and sends oxygen and sends
out carbon dioxide.out carbon dioxide.
–It includes the nasal It includes the nasal
cavity, pharynx, cavity, pharynx,
larynx, trachea, larynx, trachea,
bronchi, and lungs.bronchi, and lungs.

16. Urinary SystemUrinary System
The urinary system The urinary system
includes the kidneys, includes the kidneys,
ureters, urinary ureters, urinary
bladder, and urethra.bladder, and urethra.
–It filters waste from the It filters waste from the
blood and helps blood and helps
maintain water, acid-maintain water, acid-
base, and electrolyte base, and electrolyte
balance.balance.

17. ReproductionReproduction
The reproductive systems produce The reproductive systems produce
new organisms.new organisms.