Organelles_structure_function. Cells.ppt

Cellular Biology

1. Organelles: Structure & Function

2. Organelles: Structure & Function

3. Cell/Plasma Membrane
Structure: Phospholipid bilayer
Function: Controls what enters & exits the
cell.

4. Nucleus
Structure: Contains DNA/chromosomes
Enclosed by a porous double membrane called
the nuclear membrane.
Function: Controls everything in the cell

5. Nucleolus
Structure: Dense region inside the nucleus
Function: Takes RNA and makes ribosomes

6. Ribosomes
Structure: Tiny organelles made of proteins &
RNA. Found on Rough ER
Function: Links together amino acids to make
proteins (that means enzymes too!)

7. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Structure: Thin folded membranes that are
connected together.
HAS ribosomes
Function: Transport, "intracellular highway“.
Site of protein synthesis; makes more ER

8. Vesicle
Membrane-bound containers that carry
substances throughout the cell

9. Golgi
Apparatus/Body/Complex
Structure: Closely layered stacks of membrane
enclosed discs
Function: Checks, modifies & packages proteins

11. Lysosome
Structure: Contains enzymes; membrane bound
Function: Breaks down food, waste & damaged
cell parts all within the cell

12. Peroxisome
Structure: Contains enzymes; membrane bound
Function: Protects cell from toxins, especially
H
2
O
2
.

13. Vacuole
Structure: fluid filled sacs; small in animal
cells; large in plant cells
Function: stores materials for cell

14. Plastids
Structure: 3 different types
Function: Storage sacs in plant cells only!

15. Plastids
1.Leucoplast – stores starch in roots & stems
2.Chromoplast – stores the orange/yellow pigment
3.Chloroplast- stores the green pigment/ site of
photosynthesis

16. Chloroplast
Structure: 3 membranes; bean shaped; contains
chlorophyll (green pigment)
Function: Uses sunlight to create food,
photosynthesis (only found in green plants & algae)

17. Mitochondria
Structure: Bean shaped; 2 membranes; has own
DNA & ribosomes
Function: Supplies energy to the cell; site of
cellular respiration; ‘powerhouse’ of cell

18. Chloroplast & Mitochondria
Both have: more than 1 membrane
‘Powerhouse’ of their cells
Contain their own DNA
Reproduce independently of the cell
Were they once free-living prokaryotic cells?!

19. Cytoplasm/Cytosol
Structure: Jelly – like substance between the
area of the nucleus & cell membrane
Function: Hold organelles in place & site for
chemical reactions

20. Cytoskeleton
Structure: A network of protein filaments
(microtubules, microfilaments)
Function: Supports & shapes the cell

21. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Structure: Thin folded membranes
that are connected together.
No ribosomes
Function: Transport, "intracellular highway“.
Also makes lipids; breaks down toxins such as
drugs/alcohol

22. Centrosome/Centrioles
Structure: Small region of cytoplasm, made up
of microtubules; pair of centrioles
Function: Helps the cell divide

23. Flagellum (flagella = plural)
Tail used for movement

24. Cilium (cilia = plural)
Tiny hair-like projections on cell exterior used
For movement and gathering food