Organic compost

Helpful for Agrarins

1. Organic compost Represented To: Dr. Abdulrahman Represented By: Muhammad Shahzad Alam BAGF14E301 Department of Agronomy University college of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha

2. Organic compost

3. Compost “Compost is organic matter that has been decomposed and recycled as a fertilizer and soil amendment”. Compost is a key ingredient in organic farming. End product of the decomposition of organic matter.

4. Grass clippings Food scraps Leaves Compost Kitchen scraps Garden trimmings

5. Organic compost “A mixture of decayed or decaying organic matter used to fertilize soil”.

6. Introduction Organic Compost is usually made by gathering plant material, such as leaves, grass clippings, and vegetable peels, into a pile or bin and letting. It decompose as a result of the action of aerobic bacteria, fungi, and other organisms. Composting is an ancient agriculture technology going back to biblical time that still has importance in modern agriculture.

7. Conti… Compost enables dairymen and livestock owners to reduce the volume of manure leaving their operation. provides a source of nutrients and organic matter for surrounding farms.

8. Nutrient profile of compost S.No Parameters Quantity 1 Organic matter 70% 2 pH 7.5 3 Organic carbon 33.11% 4 Nitrogen 1.82% 5 Phosphorus 1.29% 6 Potassium 1.25% 7 Fe(ppm) 1019 8 Mn(ppm) 111 9 Cu(ppm) 180 10 Zn(ppm) 286

9. Techniques of composting Cold composting Hot composting

10. Cold composting Cold composting is one of the easiest forms of composting. Many beneficial nutrients in cold compost remain uncompromised by high temperatures.  The process is slower. Once established, the cold composting bins will provide you with a continuous supply of lawn and garden food.

11. Cold composting

12. Hot composting A hot pile requires enough high-nitrogen materials to get the pile to heat up. Microbial activity within the compost pile is at its optimum level, which results in finished compost in a much shorter period of time. It requires some special equipment, as well as time and diligence. 

13. Conti… Temperatures rising in a hot-compost pile come from the activity of numerous organisms breaking down organic matter.

14. Material required for composting 1. Farm refuse Weeds Stubbles Crop residues Remnants of fodder

15. Conti… 2. Animal dung Cow dung Buffalo dung Poultry dung 3. Town refuse Night soil Street refuse Municipal fuse

16. Types of composting Aerobic composting Anaerobic composting Vermicomposting

17. 1. Aerobic composting This means to compost with air. Organic waste will break down quickly and is not prone to smell. This type of composting is high maintenance, since it will need to be turned every couple days to keep air in the system and your temperatures up. 

18. Conti… It is also likely to require accurate moisture monitoring. This type of compost is good for large volumes of compost.

19. Aerobic composting

20. 2. Anaerobic composting This is composting without air. Anaerobic composting is low maintenance since you simply throw it in a pile and wait a couple years. Compost may take years to break down. Anaerobic composts create the awful smell most people associate with composting. The bacteria break down the organic materials into harmful compounds like ammonia and methane.

21. Anaerobic composting

22. 3. Vermicomposting This is most beneficial for composting food waste with worms. Oxygen and moisture are required to keep this compost healthy. This is medium maintenance compost since you need to feed your worms and monitor the conditions.

23. Vermicomposting

24. Methods of composting Four method are useful for on-farm composting. The passively aerated static pile method The aerated static pile method The turned pile method. The in-vessel method.

25. Turned pile method. A unit pile is about 5(l) ×1(w) ×1(h) m3 in size. Straw is stacked in layers of 20 cm height, 1 m width, and 5 m length to form a pile. The pile is sprinkled with water (Plate 1) for adequate moisture content, followed by addition of a FYM layer 5 cm high. 1. Compost pile in preparation

26. 2. The pile is covered with a plastic sheet after attaining the desired height And the sprinkling of a few handfuls of urea (100-200 g). EM solution is sprinkled to accelerate aerobic decomposition.

27. The pile is turned after two weeks (Plate 3) and then again after another week. Normally, the compost is ready two weeks later when the heap has cooled down and the height of the pile has fallen to about 70 cm. 3.The pile is being turned

28. Turned pile method

29. Aerated Static Pile Composting In aerated static pile composting, organic waste is mixed together in one large pile instead of rows. To aerate the pile, layers of loosely piled bulking agents (e.g., wood chips, shredded newspaper) are added so that air can pass from the bottom to the top of the pile. The piles also can be placed over a network of pipes that deliver air into or draw air out of the pile. Air blowers might be activated by a timer or a temperature sensors.

30. Aerated static pile method

31. In-vessel composting In-vessel composting generally describes a group of methods that confine the composting materials within a building, container, or vessel. In-vessel composting systems can consist of metal or plastic tanks or concrete bunkers in which air flow and temperature can be controlled, using the principles of a "bioreactor".

32. Conti… Generally the air circulation is metered in via buried tubes that allow fresh air to be injected under pressure, with the exhaust being extracted through a biofilter, with temperature and moisture conditions monitored using probes in the mass to allow maintenance of optimum aerobic decomposition conditions.

33. In-vessel method

34. Application of Compost Five to seven tons of compost per acre is a generally acceptable rate of application for field dispersal. Intensive garden situations can use up to 10 tons per acre.

35. When developing a new garden or field, compost should be integrated into the top 18 inches of soil. 18 in For a developed field, compost integration should be no deeper than eight inches. 8 in

36. Compost should be applied 3 times…

37. Importance or agronomic benefits of compost Nutrient value. Excellent soil conditioning agent. Increases organic content. Improves soil texture. Improves soil permeability. Improves water-holding capacity. Encourages soil microflora and fauna.

38. Conti… Recycles waste material on site. Adds large amounts of humus to soil. Increases soil fertility and stabilizes elements such as nitrogen. Hugely increases biological activity in soil. Creates outlet for potentially harmful excess of raw manure in animal based agriculture. Compost is a wonderful example of alchemy, changing waste material into vitally important materials.

39. Conclusion In organic cropping systems, compost provides a primary source of nutrients for the crop. In conventional cropping systems, compost provides a supplementary nitrogen source that compliments fertilizer nitrogen to provide a more sustainable farming system. Compost enables dairymen and livestock owners to reduce the volume of manure leaving their operation and provides a source of nutrients and organic matter for surrounding farms.

40. THANK YOU