Organic DISEASE MANAGEMENT METHODS lec 11.pptx

ORGANIC DISEASE MANAGEMENT METHODS

1. DOA-161 PRODUCTION AND UTILAZATION OF TRADITIONAL ORGANICS FOR CROP PRODUCTION Credits: - 2(1+1) Lecture 11 DISEASE MANAGEMENT METHODS – SEED SELECTION, DRYING OF SEEDS, SEEED TREATMENT, CROP ROTATION, INTERNAL CROPS, SOLARIZATION, HEATING OF THE EARTH Rajavardhan Gandla

2. 1. Seed Selection Good quality seeds are essential to grow a strong and healthy crop. Healthy seeds can be bought from trusted sources or farmers can produce their own seeds. In that case, seed selection can be used to improve the quality of seeds. There are several diseases that are transmitted via the seeds. If seeds from an infested field are used to grow the next crop, these seed-born diseases will immediately cause serious problems. Seed selection should thus start by obtaining seeds from healthy plants. Rajavardhan Gandla

3. 1. Seed Selection Rajavardhan Gandla

4. 2. Seed drying The process of elimination of moisture from the seed is called drying. Seed drying should reduce the seed moisture content to safe moisture limits to maintain its viability and vigour during storage, which may otherwise deteriorate quickly owing to mould growth, heating and enhanced microbial activity Rajavardhan Gandla

5. 2. Seed drying Rajavardhan Gandla

6. 3. Seed Treatment Seed treatment refers to the application of fungicide, insecticide, or a combination of both, to seeds so as to disinfect and disinfect them from seed-borne or soil-borne pathogenic organisms and storage insects. It also refers to the subjecting of seeds to solar energy exposure, immersion in conditioned water, etc. The seed treatment is done to achieve the following benefits. Rajavardhan Gandla

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8. 3. Seed Treatment Rajavardhan Gandla

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10. Benefits of Seed Treatment: 1) Prevents spread of plant diseases 2) Protects seed from seed rot and seedling blights 3) Improves germination 4) Provides protection from storage insects 5) Controls soil insects. Rajavardhan Gandla

11. 4. Crop Rotation Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of dissimilar or different types of crops in the same area in sequenced seasons. It is done so that the soil of farms is not used for only one set of nutrients. It helps in reducing soil erosion and increases soil fertility and crop yield. Rajavardhan Gandla

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15. Continue.. Growing the same crop in the same place for many years in a row ( monocropping ) gradually depletes the soil of certain nutrients. With rotation, a crop that leeches the soil of one kind of nutrient is followed during the next growing season by a dissimilar crop that returns that nutrient to the soil or draws a different ratio of nutrients. In addition, crop rotation mitigates the buildup of pathogens and pests that often occurs when one species is continuously cropped, and can also improve soil structure and fertility by increasing biomass from varied root structures. Rajavardhan Gandla

16. 5. Intercropping Intercropping is a farming method that involves planting or growing more than one crop at the same time and on the same piece of land. It means having more than one type of crop growing in the same space at the same time. The rationale behind this farming practice is that different crops planted are not likely to share insects and disease-causing agents while the goal is to produce even greater yield than would be if space was utilized by one crop. However, the careless congregation of plants is not considered as intercropping. Rajavardhan Gandla

17. 5. Intercropping Rajavardhan Gandla

18. 6. Soil Solarization Soil solarization is a non-chemical environmentally friendly method for controlling pests using solar power to increase the soil temperature to levels at which many soil-borne plant pathogens will be killed or greatly weakened.[1] Soil solarization is used in warm climates on a relatively small scale in gardens and organic farms. Soil solarization weakens and kills fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and insect and mite pests along with weeds in the soil by mulching the soil and covering it with a tarp, usually with a transparent polyethylene cover to trap solar energy.[2] Soil solarization is dependent upon time, temperature, and soil moisture.[1] It may also be described as methods of decontaminating soil or creating suppressive soils by the use of sunlight. This energy causes physical, chemical, and biological changes in the soil community. Rajavardhan Gandla

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22. THANK YOU Rajavardhan Gandla