Organic farming concept as pects and prospects

Organic farming concept as pects and prospects

1. organicfarmingisasystemwhich
avoidsorlargelyexcludestheuse
ofsyntheticinputs(suchas
fertilizers,pesticides,hormones,
feedadditivesetc)andtothe
maximumextentfeasiblerelyupon
croprotations,cropresidues,
animalmanures,off-farmorganic
waste.(USDA,1980)
“Itisaholisticproductionmanagementsystemthatpromotes
andenhanceshealthofagro-ecosystem,includingbiodiversity,
biologicalcyclesandsoilbiologicalactivity”.(FAO,2002)

2. Religious Documentation of Organic farming
Oldest practice 10000 years old, dating back to Neolithic age, practiced by ancient
civilization like Mesopotamia, Hwang Ho basin etc.
Ramayana (All dead things –rotting corpse or stinking garbage returned to earth
are transformed into wholesome things that nourish life. Such is the
alchemy of mother earth –as interpreted by C. Rajagopalachari).
Mahabharata (5500
BC)
Mention of Kamadhenu, the celestial cow and its role on human life and
soil fertility.
Kauthilya
Arthashastra(300 BC)
Mentioned several manures like oil cake, excreta, excreta of animals.
Brihad-sanhita (by
Varahmihir)
Described how to choose manures for different crops and the methods of
manuring.
Rig Veda (2500-1500
BC)
Mention of organic manure in Rig Veda 1, 161, 10, 2500-1500 BC, is
Green Manure in AtharvaVeda 11 8.3, (1000 BC). In Sukra(IV, V, 94,
107-112) it is stated that to cause healthy growth the plant should be
nourished by dungsof goat, sheep, cow, water as well as meat. A
reference of manure is also made in Vrksayurvedaby surpala
(manuscript, oxford, No 324 B, Six, 107-164)
Holy Quran (590 AD) At least one third of what you take out from soils must be returned to it
implying recycling or post-harvest residue.

3. Table: Land area of major countries under organic agriculture (FIBL & IFOAM
2013)
S.NoName of the Country Area under
organic (ha)
Share % of total
agricultural area
PRODUSER
1. Australia 17151000 4.19 1707
2. Argentina 3191255 2.27 1018
3. USA 2178471 0.64 12880
4. China 2094000 0.94 -
5. SPAIN 1610129 6.47 30502
6. Italy 1317177 10.29 45969
7. France 1060756 3.86 25467
8. Germany 1060669 6.35 23271
9. Uruguay 930965 6.29 630
10.Canada 869239 1.29 3513
11.Brazil 705233 0.27 12526
12.Poland 661956 4.28 25944
13.UK 567751 3.30 3918
14.Austraia 526689 19.46 21810
15.India 510000 0.28 650000
WORLD 43,091,133 0.98 1998592

4. Table: TOP TEN STATE AREA UNDER ORGANIC
FARMING FOR THE YEAR 2010-11
Sir . No State Name Certified cultivated
organic area (ha)
1. Madhya Pradesh 270955
2. Maharashtra 124547
3. Rajasthan 57566
4. Gujarat 42267
5. UttarPradesh 17212
6. Orissa 16883
7. Goa 13044
8. UTTARAKHAND 9513
9. Karnataka 9128
10. Andhra Pradesh 6070
Total India 600000
Source: APEDA

5. OrganiccultivationnotnewinIndia
Thetermorganicfarmingwasfirstusedbylordnorthbourne
inthebookoflookoftheland
OrganicagricultureinIndiastartedlongback1900bySir
AlbertHowardaBritishagronomist,inlocalvillageofthe
northIndia.
OrganicfarmingfirstcoinedbynorthBournein1946.
ThestateofSikkimandUttaranchaldeclaredorganicstate.
Racelessuseofthischemicalmaterialnotalerttheecosystem
butitclaimwithdeathtomanyliveseveryyearduetotheir
hazardousnature.
Organic farming in India

6. WHAT SHOULD BE OUR APPROACH ?
Keepinginviewoffoodsecurityitisnotpossibletogoas
suchfororganicfarminginintensivecultivatedareas
hencethereisneed:
b)Ontheotherhand,bringingtheareas,wherefertilizerconsumptionis
verylow,underorganicfarming
Theorganicagriculture,therefore,couldbeadvocatedonlyto
certainareasandforselectedcropsshowingpromisefor
organicagriculture.Therain-fedagro-eco-zones,tribalareas,
northeastandhillyregionsofthecountryandfarmswhere
diversifiedagricultureisbeingpracticedoncommercialscale
arethepotentialareasfororganicfarming.
a)Toincreasethefoodproductionintheseareasbysitespecificinput
managementononehand

7. Conventional Farming Organic Farming
•It is based on economical
orientation.
•Supplementing nutrients
through chemical fertilizers
•Weed control by herbicide
•Pest control by pesticide
•Livestock rarely combined
•Low input: output ratiowith
pollution
•Using up soil fertility often
resulting in erosion and soil loss
•It is based on ecological
orientation.
•Cycle of nutrients within the
farms; predominantly farm
produced materials
•Weed control by crop rotation and
cultural practices
•Pest control based on non-
polluting substances
•Livestock for production and
health
•Optimum input: outputratio with
No pollution
•Maximum conservation of soils,
water quality and wild life
Difference between conventional farming and organic farming

8. Sustainableandeco-friendlytechnology.
Itimprovesquality,shelfandnutritivevalueofthefarm
produce.
Itencouragessustainablelivelihoodoftheproducersas
wellassafeguardsconsumershealth.
Itimprovesthephysical,chemicalandbiologicalhealthof
thesoil.
Promoteshealthyuseofthenaturalresourcesand
minimizesallformsofthepollution.
Itenhancesandsustainsbiologicaldiversitywithinthe
system.

9. Reliesprimarilyonlocal,renewableresources.
Makesefficientuseofsolarenergyandtheproductionpotential
ofbiologicalsystems.
Maintainsthefertilityofthesoil.
Maximizesrecyclingofplantnutrientsandorganicmatter.
Doesnotuseorganismsorsubstancesforeigntonature.
Maintainsdiversityintheproductionsystemaswellasthe
agriculturallandscape.
Givesfarmanimal’slifeconditionsthatcorrespondtotheir
ecologicalroleandallowthemanaturalbehavior.
Carefulattentiontotheimpactofthefarmingsystemonthe
widerenvironmentandtheconservationofwildlifeandnatural
habitats.

10. Principles of organic farming

11. 1.Principleofhealth
OrganicAgricultureshouldsustainandenhancethehealthofsoil,plant,
animal,humanandplanetasoneandindivisible.
Healthysoilsproducehealthycropsthatfosterthehealthofanimalsand
people.
Healthisthewholenessandintegrityoflivingsystems.
2.Principleofecology
OrganicAgricultureshouldbebasedonlivingecologicalsystemsand
cycles,workwiththem,emulatethemandhelpsustainthem.
Thisprinciplerootsorganicagriculturewithinlivingecologicalsystems.
Four principles

12. 3.Principleoffairness
OrganicAgricultureshouldbuildonrelationshipsthatensurefairnesswith
regardtothecommonenvironmentandlifeopportunities.
Fairnessischaracterizedbyequity,respect,justiceandstewardshipofthe
sharedworld,bothamongpeopleandintheirrelationstootherlivingbeings
4.Principleofcare
OrganicAgricultureshouldbemanagedinaprecautionaryand
responsiblemannertoprotectthehealthandwell-beingofcurrentand
futuregenerationsandtheenvironment.
Thisprinciplestatesthatprecautionandresponsibilityarethekey
concernsinmanagement,developmentandtechnologychoicesin
organicagriculture.

13. Pureorganicfarming:Itincludesuseoforganic
manuresandbiopesticideswithcompleteavoidanceof
inorganicchemicalsandpesticides.
IntegratedFarming:ItinvolvesIntegratedNutrient
Management(INM)andIntegratedPestManagement
(IPM).
IntegratedFarmingSystems:Inthistype,local
resourcesareeffectivelyrecycledbyinvolvingother
componentssuchaspoultry,fishpond,mushroom,goat
rearingetc.apartfromcropcomponents.Itisalowinput
organicfarming.
Types of organic farming

14. Objectives of
Organic Farming
Produce food with
higher nutritional
quality
Work with
natural system Maintain and
increase soil
fertility
Use renewable
resources as far
as possible
Wider social and
ecological impact
of farming system
Allow satisfaction
to agricultural
producer
Avoid Pollution
Objective of organic farming
(1) (2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

15. Benefits of organic farming
1.Increaselong-termfertilityofthesoil.
2.Ithelpsinmaintainingenvironmenthealthbyreducingthe
levelofpollution.
3.Itreduceshumanandanimalhealthhazardsbyreducingthe
levelofresiduesintheproduct.
4.Ithelpsinkeepingagriculturalproductionatahigherlevel
andmakesitsustainable.
5.Itreducesthecostofagriculturalproductionandalso
improvesthesoilhealth.
6.Itensuresoptimumutilizationofnaturalresourcesforshort-
termbenefitandhelpsinconservingthemforfuture
generation.
7.Itnotonlysavesenergyforbothanimalandmachine,but
alsoreducesriskofcropfailure.

16. Basic Steps of Organic Farming
Organicfarmingapproachinvolvesfollowingfiveprinciples:
1.Conversionoflandfromconventionalmanagementto
organicmanagement
2.Managementoftheentiresurroundingsystemtoensure
biodiversityandsustainabilityofthesystem
3.Cropproductionwiththeuseofalternativesourcesof
nutrientssuchascroprotation,residuemanagement,organic
manuresandbiologicalinputs.
4.Managementofweedsandpestsbybettermanagement
practices,physicalandculturalmeansandbybiological
controlsystem
5.Maintenanceoflivestockintandemwithorganicconcept
andmakethemanintegralpartoftheentiresystem

17. Limitations of organic farming in India
Small land holding
Poor infrastructure facilities
Lack of technology knowledge
Convert organic farm
Neighbouring farmer well co-operate
Organic material such as animal dung and other crop waste
used for fuel purpose
Organic material are bulky in nature very difficult store and
high price
City garbage contain heavy metal, plastic bags, stones and
needles.
Bio control agent are available only few selected insect pest.
Complicated organic certification process and high fees cost
Higher human population of India.

18. Components of organic farming

19. Weed management
1. Preventive methods
Weed free crop seed
Weed free manure
Clean harvesting and ploughing equipment.
2. Cultural method
Smother crop
Cover crop
Crop rotation
Optimum plant density and line sowing
Drip irrigation

20. 3. Mechanical method
Tillage
Stale seed bed
Hand weeding
Hoeing
Moving
Mulching
Burning
4.Soil solrization
5.Allelopathy
ex :marigold :congress grass

21. Biological control
Insect Weed control
Crocidosemalantana busckmoth Lantana camara
Cochineal scale Pricklypear
Fleabeetlelarva Alligatorweed
Neochetinaburchii Waterhyacinth
Mexican gall fly Congressgrass
Product Content Weed control
De-Vine Phytophrhoraplamivora Milk weedvine
Collego Colletotrichumgloeosporiodes Joint vetch
Bipolaris Bipolarissorghicola Johnsongrass
Biolophos Streptomyceshygroscopicus General vegetation
Mycoherbicides

22. Pest management
1. Physical method
Mechanical control
Light trap
Pheromone trap
Nylon net
2. Cultural method
Field and plant sanitation
Crop rotation
Trap cropping
Ex : cabbage: mustard= diamondback moth
Water management
Adjusting time of sowing

23. Multiple effects of duck-azolla-rice farming system
Duck in Rice field (China) Duck in Rice field (China)

24. Fertilizer management
1. Bulky organic manures
FYM
Compost
Biogas slurry
Night soil
Sheep and goat manure
Poultry manure
Green manure
vermicompost

25. Fertilizer management
2. Concentrated organic manure
Oil cakes
Fish meal
Meat meal
Blood meal
Horn and hoof meal
Bird guano
Row bone meal

26. Bio-fertilizer
Sr.
No.
Group example
N2 Fixing Bio fertilizer
1. Free-living Azotobacter , Beijerinka,Clostridium, Anabanea
2. Symbiotic Rhizobium,Azolla, Frankia
3. AssocitavesymbioticAzospirrlum
P Solubilising Bio fertilizer
1. Bacteria Bacillus sp,pseudomonussp
2. Fungai Penicillumsp, Aspergillusawamori
P Mobilizing Bio fertilizer
1. ArbuscularmycorrhizaGloumussp, Gigasporasp,
2. Ectomycorrhiza Laccariasp, Amanita sp.
3. Ericoid mycorrhizae Pezizellaericae
4. Orchid mycorrhizae Rhizoctoniasolani.

27. Seed treatment technique popular amongst
farmer in organic farming
a)With cow urine
cow urine + water (1:10)
soak the seed in solution for 15 minutes
dry the seed in shade and sowing.
If better germination and prevent seed borne disease
b) with cow milk
Cow milk + water (1:5)
Soak the seed in solution for 30 minutes
Dry the seed in shade and sowing.
It prevent yellowing of leaves and leaf spot diseases

28. C) With wood ash
Wood ash + water (10 gram + one litter)
Dip vegetable seed in solution for 15-30 minutes
Dry in shade and sow immediately
It prevent seedling root
D) Hot water treatment
Boil water till it reaches 55 c.
Soak the seed for 15 –30 minutes.
Dry seed first in shade and after in sun and stored
in insect proof container.
It control pathogens which develop seeds when
they are stored for a long time period.

30. JIVAMRUT

31. COW URINE
COW DUNG
SOIL
LIME
WATER
BIJAMRUT

32. AGNIHOTRA

34. international organic standards
1. IFOAM:•Established in 1972
•Headquarter in Germany
•Umbrella organization for organic Agriculture Association
•Developed international basic standards of organic agriculture
•Established IFOAM accreditation programme(1992) to accredit certifying
bodies
•Set up International Organic Accreditation Service (IOAS) in July 2001
2. CODEX:•Codex AlimentariousCommission –a joint FAO/WHO
•Intergovernmentbody
•Established in 1962
•Produced a set of guidelines for organic production
3. EU
regulation
•Laid out a basic regulation for European Union’s organic standards in Council
regulation No. 2092/91 (June 1991)
•Regulations give guidelines for the production of organic crops in the European
Community.
4. Demeter•Demeter International is a world wide net work of 19 International certification
bodies in Africa, Australia, Europe
•Developed guideline for biodynamic preparation.
5. JAS •A set of guidelines Japan Agricultural Standards for organic production

35. List of accredited certifying and inspection
agencies in India
Association for promotion of Organic Farming (APOF)
Bangalore
Indian Society for Certification of organic production
(ISCOP)-Tamil Nadu
Indian Organic Certification Agency (INDOCERT)-Cochin,
Kerala
SkalInspection and CertificatonAgency-Bangalore
IMO Control Pvt. Ltd.-Bangalore
EcocertInternational -Aurangabad
Bioinspectra-Cochin, Kerala
SGS India PvtLtd-Gurgaon
International Resources for Fair Trade (IRFD)-Mumbai
National Organic Certification Association (NOCA)-Pune

36. •THE MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE IS PROMOTING ORGANIC FARMING
IN THE COUNTRY UNDER THE FOLLOWING SCHEMES:
•National Project on Organic Farming (project implemented since
October 2004)
•Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna
•National Centre on Organic Farming: Ghaziabad
•Regional centers:
(1)Bangalore (4)Imphal
(2)Bhubaneswar (5)Jabalpur
(3)Hissar (6)Nagpur

37. Organic cotton is that which is grown without insecticide or pesticide.
Organic cotton is grown using methods and materials that have a low
impact on the environment.
Fig.: Organic Cotton Plant

38. The first organic cotton project started 1990 in Egypt.
Most production is taking place in India, Syria, China, Turkey,
Texas USA, Tanzania and Uganda; although countries in West
Africa, Latin America and the Middle East are also well-established
organic cotton producers.
Organic cotton is currently grown in 23 countries. India is currently
growing over 3/4 of the worlds organic cotton.

39. 94%
1.3%
1.2%
1.2%
0.6%
1.7%

40. O
H
O
H
H
OH
H
H
CH2OH
OH n
O
O
H H
OH
H OH
CH2OH
H
H
Fig.: Chemical Structure of Organic Cotton
The cotton polymer is a liner, cellulose polymer. The cotton polymer
consists of about 5000 cellobiose unit that is it’s about 5000.The most
important chemical groupings on the cotton polymer are the hydroxyl (-OH)
groups. These are also present as methanol groups or -CH
2
OH. Cotton is
a crystalline fiber. Its polymer system is about 65-70% crystalline and
correspondingly about 30-35% amorphous.

41. Points Description
Shape & length Fairly uniform in width, 12-20µm. Length
varies from 1-6cm.Typical length is 2.2-
3.2cm.
Luster Low
Tenacity At dry > 3.0-5.0 g/d, at wet> 3.3-6.6 g/d
Resiliency Low.
Density 1.54-1.56 g/cm
3
Moisture Absorption Raw (7-8.5%); Mercerized 11%
Fineness Diameter from 11-22µm

42. •Protecting surface and groundwater quality (eliminating
contaminants in surface runoff)
•Reduced risk in insect and disease control by replacing
insecticide with the manipulation of ecosystems
•Long-term prevention of pests through beneficial habitat
planting.
•Conservation of biodiversity
•Eliminate the use of toxic chemicals used in cotton
•Organically grown crops also yield soils with higher organic
matter content, thicker topsoil depth, higher polysaccharide
content, and lower modulus of rupture; therefore reducing
considerably soil erosion.

43. Disadvantages
•Avoid cotton with added chemicals e.g. stay press, stain
resistant, water resistant (containing heavy metals, toxins,
formaldehyde etc)
•Natural habitats can be destroyed to grow cotton crops with
conventional farming methods.
•Organic farming and production is more expensive than
conventional methods.

44. As a result of consumer interest, organic cotton fiber is used in everything from
personal care items (sanitary products, make-up removal pads, cotton puffs and ear
swabs), to home furnishings (towels, bathrobes, sheets, blankets, bedding),
children's products (toys, diapers), clothes of all kinds and styles (whether for
lounging, sports or the workplace), and even stationery and note cards.
In addition, organic cottonseed is used for animal feed, and organic cottonseed oil
is used in a variety of food products, including cookies and chips.
Future trends could be hospital and medical applications, industrial and beyond.
Organic cotton can also be found in health and personal hygiene products
(facial care, feminine hygiene and baby diapers, etc).

45. 2
Organic Milk is produced through
approved methods that integrate
cultural, biological, and mechanical
practices that foster cycling of
resources, promote ecological balance,
and conserve biodiversity.

46. 3
FAO suggested that “Organic agriculture is a
unique production management system
which promotes and enhances agro-
ecosystem health, including biodiversity,
biological cycles and soil biological activity,
and this is accomplished by using on-farm
agronomic, biological and mechanical
methods in exclusion of all synthetic off-
farm inputs”.

47. 4


Livestock production is a land related
activity.
Land must have had no prohibited
substances applied to it for at least 3 years.
Soil fertility and crop nutrients will be
managed through tillage and cultivation
practices.

48. 5
Good Dairy farming Practice
1. Animal health
2. Milking hygiene
3. Nutrition (feed and water)
4. Animal welfare
5. Environment

49. 6
Animal Health
Prevent entry of disease onto the farm
Have an effective herd health
management programme in place
Use all approved chemicals and
veterinary medicines under supervision
of veterinarian

50. 7
Milking hygiene
Ensure milking routines do not injure
cows or introduce contamination to
milk
Ensure milking is carried out under
hygienic conditions
Ensure milk is handled properly after
milking

51. Nutrition (feed and water)
8
Ensure animal feed and water are of
adequate quality
Control storage conditions of feed
Ensure the traceability of feedstuffs
bought off the farm

52. 9
Animal welfare
Freedom from thirst, hunger and
malnutrition
Freedom from discomfort
Freedom from pain, injury and disease
Freedom from fear
Freedom to engage in relatively normal
patterns of animal behaviour

53. 10
Environment
Have an appropriate waste
management system.
Ensure dairy farming practices do not
have an adverse impact on the local
environment.
Have an appropriate waste
management system.

54. 11
Can the milk of Indian cows cure diabetes?
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-
andhrapradesh/article3622248.ece?css=print

55. 12

56. Thanks for attention
13