Organic manure, importance & properties

Organic sources

1. Organic manures -
Importance, Definition,
classification, properties and
sources-Fortified organics
K. Maheshwaran, Asst. Prof. (SS&AC)
Sethu Bhaskara Agricultural College &
Research Foundation -Karaikudi
SAC 301 Manures, Fertilizers and Soil Fertility Management (2+1)

2. ThewordmanurederivedfromtheFrench
"Manoeuvrer',meanstomanipulate,towork,to
producecrop
Manuresaresubstanceswhichareorganicin
nature,capableofsupplyingplantnutrientsin
availableform
Bulkyinnature,havingthelowanalyticalvalueand
havingnodefinitecomposition
Derivedfromanimalandplantresidues
Organic manures

3. Organic manures -classification

4. Organic manures -classification

5. Organic manures -classification

6. Organic manures

7. Organic manures

8. (A)Physicalproperties
Improvethesoilstructure,waterholding
capacity,aggregatesandporosity
Decreasesthebulkdensityandsoilcompaction
Improvestheaeration,watermovement,
hydraulicconductivityofsoil
Decreasesthesoiltemperature
Preventsthesurfaceandsubsurfacecrustingof
soil
Effect of organic manures on soil productivity

9. (B)Chemicalproperties
Suppliesalltheessentialnutrients
ImprovestheCECofsoil
Improvesthebufferingcapacityofsoil
Increasesthecolloidalpropertiesofsoil
Solubilizethefixednutrientsandmakethem
availabletothecrop
Organic manures

10. (C)Biologicalproperties
Increasestheactivityandpopulationof
microorganisms
Organicacidsandorganicanionsareformed
IncreasesthefixationofNbyenhancing
symbioticandnon-symbioticNfixingorganisms
SolubilizetheinsolublePbyactivatingtheP
solubilizingmicroorganisms
Organicmanuressupplyfoodforthesoilmicro
andmacro-organisms
Organic manures

11. Fortifiedorganicsenrichingtheorganic
manureswithinorganicfertilizernutrientsand
biofertilizersarecalledfortification
Increasecropyieldsbygivingplantsthe
nutrientstheyneedwhileprotectingthesoil
Itisalsoknownasfortifiedcomposting
Eg.Sugarcanetrashcompost,coirpithcompost,
enrichedFYMetc.
What is fortified organic manure??

12. EnrichedFYMispreparedat1:10ratioofMN
mixture/ZnSO
4andFYM,mixedatfriable
moistureandkeepingforonemonthinshade
Zn-Enriched FYM preparation

13. Fortified organic manures
•Trenchorpitisfilledwithbiodegradable
organicmaterial—cropresidues,farmwastes,
animalfeedwastesandtreeleavesarespread
onthefloorofthetrench(about20-cmthick
layer).
•Alayerofrockphosphate,followedbywaste
micaisthenspreadoverbiodegradableorganic
material.
•Cattle-dungismadeintoslurrybyadding
water,andthisissprinkledoverrock
phosphateandwaste-micalayer.

14. Layeringisrepeatedtillwholecompostable
materialsareadded
Moisturecontentismaintainedthroughoutthe
compostingperiodat60%ofwater-holding
capacity
Periodicturning(monthlyinterval)isdoneto
provideaeration
Aftertheonemonthcompostisreadyforuse
Fortified organic manures

15. Largequantitiesofcropresidues/stubblesmay
berecycledbacktofield
Nutrientsavailabilityanduseefficiencycanbe
increased
Hugeamountofforeignexchangecanbesaved
byreducingfertilizerinput
Reducelossofnutrientsfromsoiland
contaminationofenvironmentisreduced
Viableruralentrepreneurship
Advantages of the fortified organics

16. Fortifiedfertilizersareenhancedphosphate
andnitrogenfertilizerblendswithadded
micronutrientsdesignedtofeeddegradedsoil
effectively
Rootuptakeofpotassiumandphosphorusget
severelyreducedunderlowBconditions
WeproduceSSP,fortifiedwithBoron.It
enhancestheuptakeofothernutrientspresent
inthesoil....Itenhancestheuptakeofother
nutrientspresentinthesoil
Fortified fertilizers

17. Oil-cakes
Nutrient content (%)
N P
2O
5K
2O
Non edible oil-cakes
Castorcake 4.3 1.8 1.3
Cottonseedcake(undecorticated)3.9 1.8 1.6
Karanjcake 3.9 0.9 1.2
Mahuacake 2.5 0.8 1.2
Safflowercake(undecorticated) 4.9 1.4 1.2
Edible oil-cakes
Coconut cake 3.0 1.9 1.8
Cotton seed cake (decorticated)6.4 2.9 2.2
Groundnut cake 7.3 1.5 1.3
Linseed cake 4.9 1.4 1.3
Niger cake 4.7 1.8 1.3
Rape seed cake 5.2 1.8 1.2
Safflower cake (decorticated) 7.9 2.2 1.9
Sesamum cake 6.2 2.0 1.2
Organic manures -sources

18. Organic manures
Nutrient content (%)
N P
2O
5 K
2O
Blood meal 10 -121 -2 1.0
Meat meal 10.5 2.5 0.5
Fish meal 4 -103 -90.3 -1.5
Horn and Hoof meal13 - -
Raw bone meal 3 -420 -25 -
Steamed bone meal1 -225 -30 -
Organic manures