Organization and structure of Indian police.pptx

organization and structure

1. Organization and structure of Indian police Unit II

2. Intelligence Branch During the British rule in India, the Government was usually dependent on the village-watch system for the collection of information about crime and socio-religious developments in the remote areas . In India, the Police force is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining public order, prevention and detection of crimes. Each states and union territories of India has its own separate police force. Article 246 of the Indian constitution designates police as a state subject, which means that the state governments have the authority to frame rules and regulations governing each police force.

3. The Police force is headed by the Director General of Police/Inspector General of Police. Each State is divided into convenient territorial divisions called ranges and each police range is under the administrative control of a Deputy Inspector General of Police. A number of districts constitute the range. District police is further sub-divided into police divisions, circles and police-stations. Besides police, states also maintain their own armed police and have separate intelligence branches, crime branches, etc.

4. Police set-up in the cities like Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Nagpur, Pune, Bhubaneswar-Cuttack etc. is directly under Commissioner of Police who is empowered with magisterial powers. Recruitment of senior police posts in various states is manned by the Indian Police Services (IPS) cadres, on all-India basis.

5. Central Police forces, Intelligence Bureau (IB), Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) institutions for training of police officers and forensic science institutions are under Central Government. These agencies assist the state in gathering intelligence, maintaining law and order, investigating special crime cases and providing training to the senior police officers of the state governments.

6. The Intelligence Wing in Indian Police : Every government requires an agency that keeps track of the activities of anti-social and anti-national elements, who aim at fomenting disaffection against the lawfully constituted government and disrupting normal life . Also needed is a facility to monitor public opinion or the performance of the government so that quick corrective action is initiated to prevent a breakdown of law and order or economic stability.

7. This twin role is fulfilled by the Intelligence branch at district and state levels . It is sensitive group, which has to be manned by personnel proven integrity and ability for collecting information in an unobtrusive manner. On matters of mutual interest, such as terrorism, VIP security, religious feud (especially Hindu-Muslim conflict), the State Intelligence coordinates with the Intelligence Bureau (IB) of the central government.

8. The Intelligence Wing in Indian Police: Every government requires an agency that keeps track of the activities of anti-social and anti-national elements, who aim at fomenting disaffection against the lawfully constituted government and disrupting normal life . Also needed is a facility to monitor public opinion or the performance of the government so that quick corrective action is initiated to prevent a breakdown of law and order or economic stability.

9. This twin role is fulfilled by the Intelligence branch at district and state levels. On matters of mutual interest, such as terrorism, VIP security, religious feud (especially Hindu-Muslim conflict), the State Intelligence coordinates with the Intelligence Bureau (IB) of the central government.

10. Formation of Intelligence Wing: During the Congress movement, Lord Dufferin , the then viceroy of India became aware of the inadequacy in the system of political intelligence and perceived Indian National Congress, a threat to the stability of the empire, thereby submitted a proposal for creating a system of collecting political intelligence.

11. In response of Dufferin's proposal, the Secretary of State for India on December 22, 1887 issued an ordinance for setting up a Central Special Branch and Special Branches of the Police Department at the headquarters of each provincial Government. Initially, The Central Special Branch did not have any unit solely under their control and were merely collating and compiling their reports received from the provincial Special Branches.

12. It was then in 1901, Central Special Branch which was only responsible for the collection of political intelligence , was decided to expanded its power to include a small staff of selective detective agents, , employed to monitor political movements and to deal with those forms of organized crimes that extended beyond the limits of a single province.

13. Formation of District Intelligence Branch Office: The idea of forming Intelligence Branches at district headquarters considered serious, when ramification of the underground conspiratorial organization was not confined to Calcutta alone but had spread to the districts. In early 1908, the Special Branch was set up some centers in places such as Midnapore , Barishal , Deoghar , Kustia , Khulna, Jessore , as these places had underground organizations.

14. Each of these centers was in-charge of an Inspector who was detailed from Calcutta and remained stationed at the Centre till he was relieved by another . In some of the affected districts, Additional Superintendents of Police was posted to head the district Intelligence Branches, where there was no Additional Superintendent of Police, the Superintendent of Police was designated as Superintendent of Police in-charge of the District Intelligence Branch.

15. The larger districts like Midnapore , Dhaka, Chittagang etc. had one Additional Superintendent of Police in-charge of the District Intelligence Branch. The duty of the Intelligence Branch of the District Police was twofold : i. Collecting of information regarding the ramification of the conspiracy organization. ii . Investigating specific offences committed in furtherance to the common object of the conspiracy.

16. The Criminal Investigation Department C.I.D A special group of investigators called the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) is available at every state police headquarters to take the investigation of grave occurrences, such as a political murder, large scale rights, bank robbery involving large sum of money or theft of precious art etc. This wing is also used for conducting inquiries into allegation of misconduct by police personal and other police agencies.

17. Formation of C.I.D : In 1906, when the provincial Criminal Investigation Department was formed, there was no organizational linkage between the Special Branch already existing and the C.I.D . Both functioned separately - one as a part of the office of the Inspector General of Police, Bengal, while the other was headed by a Deputy Inspector General who was in-charge of the C.I.D. and Railways.

18. During the Swadeshi Movement of 1905 following the Partition of Bengal, the Special Branch was being headed by Denham and monitored the Movement with its meager resources . The C.I.D. during the time was divided into two sections – Investigation of ordinary crimes, and the other, acting as auxiliary to the Special Branch, investigating political crimes and offences arising out of political agitation.

19. The Special Branch was attached to the office of the Inspector General of Police, but in 1908 it had to be shifted to a rented office at 41, Park Street that also accommodated the C.I.D. Denham was then acting as Special Assistant to the Inspector General of Police and was in-charge of the Special Branch. His services were transferred to C.I.D. as Special Assistant to D.I.G., C.I.D. in charge of the Special Branch. The traumatic events of 1908, however, called for considerable expansion of the Special Branch. (A Case Study of Bengal)

20. Directorate of Vigilance and Anti Corruption The Directorate of Vigilance & Anti Corruption deals with the disciplinary cases against delinquent gazetted officers of all departments under the concerned state government. Complaints received against gazetted / nongazetted employees from various sources are also processed. In regard to specific serious irregularities, investigation is done through Anti Corruption Branch.

21. The branch conducts surveillance and apprehends corrupt public servants through laying traps and raids, and are presented in the Criminal Court.

22. Directorate of Vigilance : The Directorate of Vigilance functions under the supervision and control of Chief Secretary, who is also Chief Vigilance Officer for the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. Directorate is headed by the Director (Vigilance), who is also ex-officio Joint Commissioner of Police Anti Corruption Branch. It consists of two wings

23. Anti Corruption Branch, supervised by the Joint Commissioner of Police (A.C. Branch ) Vigilance Branch, which is being looked after by the Addl. Secretary (Vigilance). This Directorate also functions as nodal agency for advice on vigilance matters to CVO's of local bodies, Vigilance Officers, HOD's and other Organizations of Govt. of Delhi.

24. Working : The Director (Vigilance) held meetings with vigilance Officers of various Departments from time to time . It monitors the work of the officers and provides suitable instructions / guidance to them . Important cases are frequently monitored by Director. Quarterly reports from all vigilance Officers are obtained in a business like Performa. The performance of the Directorate is reviewed from time to time by the Chief Secretary / CVO.

25. Anti Corruption Branch not only investigates the cases of corruption and bribery against public servants for offences punishable under Chapter IX of IPC and various other provisions of Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, but also conducts vigilance enquiries against them.

26. Intelligence Branch Intelligence branch is also known as intelligence bureau  is India's domestic internal security and counter-intelligence agency under Ministry of Home Affairs . It was founded in 1887 as  Central Special Branch , and is reputed to be the oldest such organization in the world. Until 1968, it handled both domestic and foreign intelligence after which Research and Analysis Wing was formed specifically for foreign intelligence following that IB was primarily assigned the role of domestic intelligence and internal security.

27. Tapan Deka , the current director of the IB, took over from  Arvind Kumar on 24 June 2022 . Responsibilities Shrouded in secrecy, the IB is used to garner intelligence from within India and also execute counter-intelligence and counter-terrorism tasks. The Bureau comprises employees from law enforcement agencies, mostly from the Indian Police Service (IPS) or the Indian Revenue Service (IRS) and the military.

28. However, the Director of Intelligence Bureau (DIB) has always been an IPS officer. In addition to domestic intelligence responsibilities, the IB is particularly tasked with intelligence collection in border areas, following the 1951 recommendations of the Himmat Singh Ji Committee a task entrusted to the military intelligence organisations prior to independence in 1947. All spheres of human activity within India and in the neighborhood are allocated to the charter of duties of the Intelligence Bureau. The IB was also tasked with other external intelligence responsibilities as of 1951 until 1968, when the Research and Analysis Wing was formed .

29. Workings The Group A ( Gazetted ) officers carry out coordination and higher-level management of the IB . Subsidiary Intelligence Bureaus (SIBs) are headed by officers of the rank of Joint Director or above, but smaller SIBs are also sometimes headed by Deputy Directors.  The SIBs have their units at district headquarters headed by Assistant Director (AD) or Deputy Central Intelligence Officers (DCIO ). The IB maintains a large number of field units and headquarters (which are under the control of Joint or Deputy Directors).

30. It is through these offices and the intricate process of deputation that a very organic linkage between the state police agencies and the IB is maintained . In addition to these, at the national level the IB has several units (in some cases SIBs) to keep track of issues like terrorism, counter-intelligence, VIP security, threat assessment and sensitive areas (i.e. Jammu and Kashmir  and such).

31.  IB officers get monthly special pays and an extra one-month salary every year, as well as better promotions. IB Officers are either directly recruited or are deputed from CAPFs and Armed Forces.

32. Constitutionality IB was created on 23 December 1887, by the British Secretary of State as a sub-sect of the Central Special Branch but there is no act of the Indian parliament nor executive order relating to the functioning of the IB . In 2013, a public interest litigant challenged the legality of IB .