Organizational Change and Organizational Development

Organizational Behaviour

1. Organizational Dynamics Organizational Change & Development

2. Organizational Change It refers to the process of growth, decline and transformation within the organization. It may relate to change in technology, organizational structure, organization policies, work environment. Thus organizational change is the alteration of work environment in organization. Organizations may change their strategy or purpose, introduce new products or services, change the way they produce and sell, enter new markets, and so on.

3. Nature It is a continuous process Change is inevitable Change is necessary for creativity & Innovation It ignores monotonous lifestyle It adds spice to life Change has domino effect

4. TYPES OF CHANGE PROACTIVE CHANGE: It takes place when some forces make organization to think and plan change. It is an active change and planned change. REACTIVE CHANGE : This type of change take place when there is sudden force or great demand in order to go up with uncertain situation. STRATEGIC CHANGE : It is required when vision, mission, goals & objectives of an organization is changed. STRUCTURED CHANGE : In this decentralization of authority empowerment and introduction of flatter organizational structure brings structured change in organization.

5. PROCESS OF CHANGE

6. Resistance to change Meaning : This is the act of opposing or struggling with modification and transformation that alters the status quo in the work place. Definition : “ Resistance to change is an incomplete transition in response to change given.” -Bridge

7. Cont. Causes of change in an organization : Business strategy and structure change Mergers and acquisitions Product reaching the end of the life cycle Changes in government priorities

8. Techniques for Overcoming Resistance According to  Kotter and Schlesinger (1979)  proposed six crucial techniques for overcoming the resistance to change. These are given below: Education and Effective Communication Facilitating Participation and Involvement Support and Facilitation Agreement & Negotiation Co-optation & Manipulation Coercion

9. Organizational Development Introduction OD is a planned approach to respond effectively to change its external and internal environments. It is to be considered as the modern way to attain change. OD concept emerged with the help of research conducted by behavioral scientist and famous theorist of ODR like Beekhard & Mounton , Sphered & Kurt Lewin etc.

10. Cont. Definition “OD is a planned process of change in an organization's culture through utilization of B.S. technology .” - Burke “ OD is a systematic, integrated, & planned approach to improve the effectiveness of the enterprise.” -Koontz-et-al

11. Features Long term approach Top management support Visioning process Empowerment process It is a learning process Problem solving process Team based approach Continuous process Change agents are required Research based activity

12. Objectives/Goals Individual/Group development To improve organization performance Development of organizational culture and climate Inculcating team spirit Focus on value development Employee participation, problem solving and decision making at various level Evaluation of present system & introduction of new system thereby achieving total system change if required.