ORIENTAL REGION zoogeography by fatimasaleemii

Zoogeography

1. ORIENTAL REGION
The oriental region includes Asia and its tropical
countries, Pakistan (excluding Baluchistan), India, Sri
Lanka, Burma, Indonesia, Bhutan, Islands of Borneo,
Philippines, Java, and Sumatra. The fauna of the
oriental region is similar to the Ethiopian region,
hence they are sometimes grouped as paleotropic
region.

4. EXTENT:
It includes tropical parts of Asia such as:
•Pakistan
•India
•Bangladesh
•Sri Lanka
•Burma
•Malaysia
•Indonesia
•Indo-China
•Philippines
•Southern China

5. BOUNDARIES:
•North: It has a land connection with the Palearctic region via
the Himalayan Mountains.
•South-West: It is surrounded by the Indian Ocean.
•South-East: It is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean.
•Boundary with the Australian Region: The Malayan
Archipelago (in the east) spreads out and reaches the
Australian region, the distinction between these two regions
is made by the transitional zone Wallacea.

7. PHYSICAL FEATURES:
•Oriental region is separated from Palaearctic region by
Himalayas in the north.
•It is bounded by Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean on all other
sides.
•There is no physical boundary in the south east corner where
the islands of Malayan Archipelago string out up to Australia.
•Oriental region presents a great variety of physical features.
•Northern part of India is temperate and is chiefly composed
of grassy plains with scattered trees and bushes.

8. •The northwest is occupied by deserts.
•The southern part is covered by luxuriant tropical forests.
•Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Indo-China are covered
with thick tropical forests and have extremely rich and
diversified fauna.

9. CLIMATE:
•The climate of Oriental region is mainly tropical.
•The temperature of southern part is almost constant and
never rises above 30C.
•In the northern part, in autumn and winter, the temperature
lies between 10C-20C, rising in spring and summer.

10. ZOOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
•In oriental region, the terrestrial vertebrates are presented by
153 families.
•Of which 10 are unique to this region:
4 mammalian families
1 avian family
5 reptilian families

11. FOUR SUB REGION OF ORIENTAL
•Indian sub-region
•Ceylon sub-region
•Indo-China sub-region
•Indo-Malayan sub-region

12. Indian Sub-Region
•It includes North India and central path. It starts from the root
of Himalaya and extend up to Malabar Coast. This region
shows plains and Deserts. It shows temperate and tropical
conditions.
•In this region Antelopes, Peacock, Indian Bison, Black
Elephant, Equus and some important snakes are present.

13. Ceylon Sub-Region
•It includes Ceylon, small Indian Peninsula.
•It shows Loris, Elephant, Equas , Rat, Bandicoots and
Snakes.

14. Indo-Malayan Sub Region
•It includes Malayan peninsula and surrounding Islands.
•This region supports 132 families of fauna Gibbon,
Rhinoceros, Badger, Broad bills etc. are very common in this
region.

15. CLIMATES OF ORIENTAL
REGION
•The temperature is mainly tropical, in summer the
temperature is up to 30C in most areas while in autumn and
spring it is from 10-20C.
•In the eastern part of the region, from the North-eastern
corner of India, Burma, Indo-China etc, there is much rain
forest.
•High mountains with rich plant cover from Burma to China
and Eastern Himalayans.

16. FAUNA OF ORIENTAL REGION
•The fauna of Oriental region, shows resemblances that of
Ethiopian region have some zoogeagraphicts have attempted
to place Ethiopian and oriental regions in palaeotropical
region.

17. Fauna-Fishes:
•It is denominated by carps and cat fishes.
•Notopteridae, Anabantidae, Nandidae are present.
•Mastacembelidae, Homalopteridae and Pristolepidae are
exclusive.

18. Fauna-Amphibians:
•Tailed amphibians are rare.
•Tailless amphibians are numerous.
•Buffonidae, Ranidae, Hyalidae, Rhacophoridae,
Breviciptidae, Diseoglossidae Pelobatidaeare common.
•Salamanders and caecilians are also present.

19. Fauna-Reptilia:
•Lizards, snakes and turtles are plentiful.
•Emydine turtles, trionychids and tustudimines are oriental
turtles.
•Crocodiles, Gavialis, Gecko, Slinks, Agamids, Chameleons,
Varanus, Lacetids, Typhlops, Lepto typhlos, Colubrids,
pythons, vipers and pit vipers are common.
•Lanthanotus, Vropeitidae and xenopeltidae are exclusive.

21. Fauna-Aves
•It is wide spread and includes 66 families of which 53 are
widely distributed.
•3 are shared with ethiopian, 5 are shared with austrailaian and
4 have doubtful relashionship.
•Wood peckers, Hornbills Sunbirds shows affinities with
ethiopian region.
•Parrots are few but pigeons and pheasants are very numerous.
•Shrikes, Hoopoes, Honey Guides, Sun birds and finches are
less.
•Peacock is the typical Indian bird.

23. BIRDS IN ORIENTAL REGION
•In this region 66 families of Birds are included.
•Honey Guides
•Wood Pecker
•Horn bill Pea-cock

25. Fauna-Mammals:
•30 mammalian families out of which 4 are endemic.
•Shews rabbits, squirrels, cricktids, murid mice, dogs, mustilids,
cats and bouids.
•It shares hedgehogs, porcupines, civents, hyenas and pigs with
palaearctic and Ethiopian regions.
•Loris, old world monkeys apes, pangolins, bamboo rats,
elephants, Rhinoceros and chevrotains are also seen.
•It also has moles, Bears, Tapirs and deers which are absent in
Ethiopian region but present here.
•Tree shrew, tarsiers, cynocephalus, spiny dormouse, flying
lemures and Indian Bison are Exclusive families.

27. AFFINITIES
•The Oriental fauna resembles that of the Ethiopian region but
it is neither so rich in endemic families nor it exhibits wide
variety.
•Oriental region shares hedgehogs, porcupines, civets, hyenas,
pigs, etc. with both Palaearctic and Ethiopian region.
•25% of its families are shared with Africa.
•The families shared with Ethiopian region include Iories, Old
World monkeys, pangolins, bamboo rats, elephants,
rhinoceros (Mouse deer)

28. •There are some striking differences between the fauna of the
two regions.
•Unlike the Ethiopian region, the Oriental region has moles,
bears, tapirs and deers in its fauna. In contrast, it is without
jerboas, coneys (Rock rabbits) and wild horses.

29. ORIENTAL REGION
PRESENTED BY
Saliha Azhar, Asma Tahir, Mehak, Saliha Shehbaz, Nemal

30. THANK
YOU