Origin, history and application of Zero.

In this you will know about zero, it's history and applications. Zero is very fundamental number. Without zero we can not imagine the modern world.

1. Origin, History and applications of zero Prem Vishwanath Joshi

2. What is Zero (0)? - Zero  is a number and a digit with no  value  or a null  value . - It's as empty as the space. - It's an integer and a even number. - It's neither positive nor negative. - Zero is not nothing. - But it is absence of something. - For e.g. if 12 is divided by 3 remainder is 0.

3. Egyptian Numerical The system of ancient  Egyptian numerals  was used in  Ancient Egypt  from around 3000 BC [ It was a system of numeration based on multiples of ten, often rounded off to the higher power. The Egyptians had no concept of a  place-valued system  such as the  decimal system .

4. Babylonian Numericals This system first appeared around 2000 B.C. It is the first known positional numeral system. Babylonian system was positional base 60 systems. But it also has property of base 10 system within it.

5. Greek Numerals It is the system of writing numbers using letters of Greek alphabet. These are based on powers of 10. Developed between 475 BC to 325 BC.

6. Roman Number System

7. Maya Numerals Mayan numeral system was the system to represent numbers and calendar dates in Maya civilization. This system is base 20 positional numeral system.

8. Aryabhata Number system This system was based on sanskrit . It was introduced in the century in India. He invented zero ( as a symbol) Great Mathematician and astronomer. Aryabhata number system had not zero, as positional system but used to denote empty space.  

9. Brahmagupta Brahmagupta was the first to give rules to compute with  zero . Indian Mathematician of seventh century. Devised the concept of zero in arithmetic. Gave rules of operation with zero. For eg . a-a=0

10. How word zero developed? India – Sunya Middle east- Sirf Italy- Zefero French- Zer’o English-zero

11. Hindu-Arabic System Arabic people recognized the value of Hindu system. Our own number system, composed of the ten symbols {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} is called the  Hindu-Arabic system . This is a base-ten (decimal) system since place values increase by powers of ten. Furthermore, this system is positional, which means that the position of a symbol has bearing on the value of that symbol within the number.

12. An inscription on a temple wall in Gwalior, India, in ninth century had been considered as the oldest recorded example of zero.

13. Europeans resisted Hindu-Arabic numerals. The numerals including zero were not accepted. Slowly the numbers accepted in 1500’s.

14. Applications of Zero Zero is strange number Greatest paradox of human thought. Without zero not just mathematics, but all other branches of science would have struggled for clear understanding. Without invention of zero, binary number system and computer are not possible.

15. The number 0 is neither positive nor negative. Appears in the middle of the number line. Without zero, there is no calculus, which means no engineering. Zero represents the boundary between the positive and negative numbers. Zero is considered as natural starting point or origin.

16. Thank You