OSCOLA MODE OF CITATION - APPROVED VERSION 2022.pptx

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1. OSCOLA CITATION Oxford University Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities 4 th Edition (2012) Citation: OSCOLA (4th edn, 2012). Team Abhinav Gupta Divya Salim Ghayur Alam THIS IS THE NATIONAL LAW INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY, BHOPAL GUIDE TO OSCOLA CITATION APPLICABLE FOR ALL ACADEMIC WORK AT THE UNIVERSITY.

2. Outline of the Presentation Primary and Secondary Sources Citation of Primary Sources Citation of International Sources Citation of Secondary Sources List of Abbreviations Table of Statutes Table of Cases Bibliography 2  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

3. Primary Sources In law, the primary sources are binding in nature. The Constitution of India, 1950 Statutes Primary Statutes Delegated Legislation – Rules, Regulations, Orders, etc. Judgments/Orders of the Court Judgments/Orders of the Tribunal International Conventions and Treaties 3  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

4. Secondary Sources Books Edited Books Encyclopedias and Dictionaries Journal Articles Online Journals Foreign Judgments Parliamentary Reports and Law Commission Reports Reports Websites and Blogs Newspaper Articles 4  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

5. Primary Sources 5  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

6. 6  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam . Abbreviation S. No. Term Abbreviation 1. article/articles art/arts 2. chapter/chapters ch / chs 3. order Ord 4. paragraph/paragraphs para/paras 5. part/parts pt/pts 6. regulation/regulations reg / regs 7. rule/rules r/ rr 8. schedule/schedules sch / schs 9. section/sections s/ ss 10. subparagraph/subparagraphs subpara / subparas 11. subsection/subsections sub-s/sub- ss

7. The Constitution of India, 1950 The Constitution of India, 1950. The Constitution of India, 1950 art 393. The Constitution of India, 1950 art 20 and 21. The Constitution of India, 1950 arts 14, 19 and 21. 7  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

8. Statutes In the short title of the Act, first letter of the words must be in uppercase and remaining words in lowercase. Connectors and prepositions to be written in lowercase. The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 (25 of 1955) s 8. The Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (15 of 2003) s 13 (2). The Civil Procedure Code, 1908 (5 of 1908) Ord I, r 1. The Civil Procedure Code, 1908 (5 of 1908) Ord XXXVII. 8 Short Title of the Act, | Year (Act Number of Year) | Pinpoint .  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

9. Delegated Legislation Orders The Appointment of Special Directors of Enforcement as Administrators Order, 2018, S.O. 4153(E). Rules The Patents Rules, 2003, S.O. 493(E) r 19A. 9 Name of the Rule, | Year, | Serial Number | Pinpoint .  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam . Name of the Order, | Year, | Serial Number.

10. Regulations The Food Safety and Standards (Licensing and Registration of Food Businesses) Regulations, 2011, F. No. 2-15015/30/2010 reg 1.2.1.3. 10  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam . Name of the Regulation, | Year, | Serial Number | Pinpoint .

11. Notifications The Central Administrative Tribunal (Salaries, Allowances and Conditions of Service of the Officers and Employees) Amendment Rules, 2020, Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions, A-11019/1/2019-AT, G.S.R. 350(E). The Regional Forensic Science Laboratory, Northern Range, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh as ‘Examiner of Electronics Evidence’ as per the provision of Section 79 of IT Act, 2000, 2020, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, 2(4)/2020-CS, S.O. 3568(E). 11  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam . Name of the Notification, | Year, | Name of Ministry, | Serial Number, | Notification Number | Pinpoint .

12. Rules of the Court Example: The Supreme Court Rules, 2013 Ord I, r 2. 12 Name of the Rules, | Year | Order Number, | Rule Number.  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

13. Judgements/Orders of the Court Order of preference: Hard Copy –> Soft Copy. In Re The Berubari Union and Exchange of Enclaves Reference under Article 143(1) of the Constitution of India AIR 1960 SC 845 ( Berubari case). Joseph Shine v Union of India AIR 2018 SC 4898, 4907. The Chief Election Commissioner of India v MR Vijayabhaskar 2021 (4) SCJ 215. 13 Judgement Name (as given in the Reporter) | (Year) | Volume | Report Abbreviation | First Page, | Pinpoint.  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

14. Judgements/Orders of the Court (Contd..) Farzana Batool v Union of India (2021) 3 AWC 2628 SC (DY Chandrachud J). Nilabati Behera v State of Orissa (1993) 2 SCC 746, 752 ( Verma J). Ramesh Patel v State of MP  AIR 2018 MP 78. When citing an observation of a Judge in the Judgement, provide within brackets surname followed by the abbreviation of designation. 14  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

15. Non-Reportable Judgements/Orders Jit Ram now deceased through LRs v Satnam Singh (SC, 28 November 2019) (Non-Reportable) <https://main.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2019/19560/19560_2019_6_1502_18742_Judgement_28-Nov-2019.pdf> accessed 1 September 2021. 15 Judgement/Order Name | (Abbreviated name of the Court, | Date of the Judgment) | (Non-Reportable) | <URL> | accessed Day Month Year.  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

16. Reportable Judgments available Online Ebix Singapore v Committee of Creditors of Educomp Solutions (SC 2021) <https://main.sci.gov.in/supremecourt/2020/19687/19687_2020_33_1501_29954_Judgement_13-Sep-2021.pdf> accessed 13 September 2021. State of Madhya Pradesh v Akhilesh Jha (SC 2021) <https:// main.sci.gov.in / supremecourt /2020/3021/3021_2020_34_27_29845_Judgement_06-Sep-2021.pdf> accessed 5 September 2021. 16 Judgement Name | (Forum | Year) | <URL> | accessed Day Month Year.  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

17. Judgements/Orders of the Tribunal BS Rajesh v UOI (CAT 1999) <https://www.manupatrafast.in/pers/viewdocMain.aspx?qParam=tQwMbwS7YzQ9X8Rli0upd/tpoS8o5Mdx2LYn3> accessed 11 September 2021. 17 Judgement/Order Name | (Forum | Year) | <URL> | accessed Day Month Year.  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

18. International Treaties Order of Preference: Primary International Treaty Series: UNTS – LNTS. Official Treaty Series of the State Parties: ITS [India]. Other International Treaty Series: Foreign Treaty Series. LNTS: League of Nations Treaty Series UNTS: United Nations Treaty Series ITS: Indian Treaty Series FTS: Foreign Treaty Series 18 Name of the Treaty | (Date of Adoption, | Date of Entry into Force) | Volume | UNTS/LNTS/ITS/FTS | Page Number (Abbreviation, if any) | Pinpoint.  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

19. United Nations Treaty Series International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (adopted 16 December 1966, entered into force 23 March 1976) 999 UNTS 171 (ICCPR). League of Nations Treaty Series Slavery Convention (adopted 25 September 1926, entered into force 9 March 1927) 60 LNTS 253. Multilateral Treaties Paris Agreement (adopted 12 December 2015, entered into force 4 November 2016) 3156 UNTS (Paris Agreement). 19  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

20. Bilateral Treaties Agreement between the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Government of the Republic of India concerning financial cooperation in 1995 (adopted 19 June 1995, entered into force 29 August 2007) 2464 UNTS 307. Trade Agreement between the Republic of India and the People’s Republic of China (adopted 14 October 1954) art VI <https:// mea.gov.in / bilateral-documents.htm?dtl /7721/ Trade+Agreement > accessed 14 September 2021. GATT/WTO Agreements Agreement on Agriculture (15 April 1994) LT/UR/A-1A/2 art 7 <https://docsonline.wto.org> accessed 14 September 2021. 20  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

21. Regional Treaties Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (adopted 4 November 1950, entered into force 3 September 1953) (1950) 5 (European Convention on Human Rights, as amended) (ECHR) art 9. SAARC Convention on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Women and Children for Prostitution (adopted 5 January 2002, entered into force 15 November 2005) (SAARC Human Trafficking Convention) art V. 21 Name of the Treaty | (Date of Adoption, | Date of Entry into Force) | (Year) | Volume | (Shortened Name of the Treaty) | Pinpoint.  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

22. International Cases and Decisions International Court of Justice Publications Land, Island and Maritime Frontier Case (El Salvador/Honduras, Nicaragua intervening) (Application for Intervention) [1990] ICJ Rep 92, 106. 22 Name of the Case as it appears in ICJ Reports | ( Parties’ Name as it appears in the Report ) | (Pleadings/Oral Arguments/Documents/Merits/Order/Press Release) | [Year] | Page Number, | Pinpoint.  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

23. International Court of Justice Publications (Contd..) Corfu Channel Case ( UK v Albania ) (Merits) [1949] ICJ Rep 4. Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo ( Democratic Republic of the Congo v Uganda ) ICJ Press Release 2021/16 <https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/116/press-release> accessed 10 September 2021. 23  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

24. Other Sources of International Decisions Judgements/Orders/Awards International Law Reports Delimitation of the Continental Shelf (UK v France) (1979) 54 ILR 6. 24 Forum, | Name of the Case as it appears in the Reports | ( Parties Name as it appears in the Report ) | (Application/Pleadings/Oral Arguments/Documents/Order with Date) | Volume/Series Number | Abbreviation of the Report | Year | Page Number | Pinpoint.  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

25. Nuremberg Tribunal Judgment of the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal 1946 (1947) 41 AJIL 172, 199. International Criminal Tribunals for Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda Prosecutor v Tadic (Jurisdiction) (1996) 3 Intl Human Rights Rep 578. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea The “Artic Sunrise” Case (Kingdom of the Netherlands v Russian Federation) (Provisional Measures, Order of 22 November 2013) ITLOS Reports 2013, 254. World Trade Organization (WTO/GATT decisions) WTO, India: Measures Affecting the Automotive Sector – Report of the Appellate Body (19 March 2002) WT/DS146 <https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/cases_e/ds146_e.htm> accessed 14 September 2021. 25  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

26. Documents of International Organizations United Nations Documents Resolutions UN General Assembly (UNGA) UN General Assembly, ‘ Special Session of the General Assembly in Response to the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic ’ UNGA Res 75/4 (9 November 2020) UN Doc A/Res/75/4. 26 Author, | ‘Title’ | Unique Resolution Reference Number | (Day Month Year) | Document Number, | Pinpoint.  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

27. UN Security Council (UNSC) UN Security Council, ‘ Threats to International Peace and Security caused by Terrorist Acts ’ UNSC Res 2557 (18 December 2020) UN Doc S/Res/2557, 4. UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) Right of Palestinian People to Self-determination Res 28 (2022) UN A/HRC/RES/49/28. UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, ‘ General recommendation No. 38 (2020) on trafficking in women and girls in the context of global migration ’ (20 November 2020) UN Doc CEDAW/C/GC/38. 27  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

28. UN Reports Report of the Secretary- General, ‘Rape and Abuse of Women in the Territory of Former Yugoslavia’ (1994) UN Doc E/CN.4/1994/5 <https:// www.refworld.org / docid /3b00f09e20.html> accessed 10 September 2021. UN High Commissioner for Refugees UNHRC ‘ Report of the Independent Expert on the issue of human rights obligations relating to the enjoyment of a safe, clean, healthy and sustainable environment’ (24 December 2012) UN Doc A/HRC/22/43. 28  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

29. Documents of Regional Bodies European Union (EU), ‘ 31st Annual Report from the Commission to the European Parliament on the EU’s Anti-Dumping, Anti-Subsidy and Safeguard activities (2012)’ (19 December 2013) COM (2013) 890 final. Organization of American States (OAU), ‘Sustainable Development of Tourism’ (5 June 2001) General Assembly Resolution AG/RES. 1811 (XXXI-O/01). 29 Name of the Body, | ‘Title’ | (Day Month Year) | Document Number.  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

30. International Yearbooks Timothy Lyons, ‘ The Interaction of Customs and Non-tariff Barriers ’ (2015) 6 Eur Ybk of Int’l Eco Law 19. Kirsten Stefanik, ‘Rise of the Corporation and Corporate Social Responsibility: The Case for Corporate Customary Law’ (2017) 54 Can Ybk of Int’l L 276 <https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-yearbook-of-international-law-annuaire-canadien-de-droit-international/article/abs/rise-of-the-corporation-and-corporate-social-responsibility-the-case-for-corporate-customary-international-law/77CA991BC454A6BC81C9349F1F17F492> accessed 11 September 2021. 30 Name of Author(s) , | ‘Title’ | (Year) | Volume(Issue) | Name or Abbreviation of Journal | First Page of Article, | Pinpoint .  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

31. Secondary Sources 31  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

32. Abbreviations 32  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam . Abbreviations Meaning § Section ed(s) Editor(s) edn Edition LS Lok Sabha Pinpoint Exact Page rep edn Reprint Edition rev edn Revised Edition RS Rajya Sabha tr Translator vol Volume

33. Parliamentary Reports & Law Commission Reports 33 Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography Committee on Public Undertaking, Eighth Report on National Thermal Power Corporation Limited (NTPC) (LS 2020-21, 8) 24. Committee on Public Undertaking, Eighth Report on National Thermal Power Corporation Limited (NTPC) (LS 2020-21, 8) Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Science and Technology, Environment and Forest, Status of Forests in India (RS 2018-19, 324) 36. Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Science and Technology, Environment and Forest, Status of Forests in India (RS 2018-19, 324) Law Commission of India, Wrongful Prosecution (Miscarriage of Justice): Legal Remedies (Law Com No 277, 2018) 1. Law Commission of India, Wrongful Prosecution (Miscarriage of Justice): Legal Remedies (Law Com No 277, 2018) Law Commission of India, | Name of Report (Law Com No 000, | Year) | Pinpoint. Name of Committee, | Name of Report | (LS/RS | Session, | Paper Number/Volume Number) | Pinpoint.  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

34. Books 34 Author Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography Single Author P Narayanan, Intellectual Property Law (3rd edn, Eastern Law House 2020). Narayanan P, Intellectual Property Law (3rd edn, Eastern Law House 2020) Two Authors Vakul Sharma and Seema Sharma, Information Technology: Law and Practice (7th edn, Universal LexisNexis 2021). Sharma V and Sharma S, Information Technology: Law and Practice (7th edn, Universal LexisNexis 2021) Three Authors Neel Mehta, Adi Agashe and Parth Detroja , Bubble or Revolution: The Present and Future of Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies (Paravane Ventures 2019). Mehta N, Agashe A and Detroja P, Bubble or Revolution: The Present and Future of Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies (Paravane Ventures 2019) Name of Author( s) , | Title of the Book | (Additional Information, | Edition, | Publisher | Year) | | Pinpoint | <URL> | accessed Day Month Year.  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

35. 35 Author Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography Four or more Authors Arvind Narayanan and others, Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies: A Comprehensive Introduction (Princeton University Press 2016) <https:// www.lopp.net /pdf/ princeton_bitcoin_book.pdf > accessed 11 August 2022. Narayanan A and others, Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies: A Comprehensive Introduction (Princeton University Press 2016) <https:// www.lopp.net /pdf/ princeton_bitcoin_book.pdf > accessed 11 August 2022. Books with more than One Volume HM Seervai , Constitution Law of India , vol 3 (4th edn, Universal 2015). Seervai HM, Constitution Law of India , vol 3 (4th edn, Universal 2015) Pinpoint citation in a Book Benjamin Meiches , The Politics of Annihilation: A Genealogy of Genocide (1st edn, University of Minnesota Press 2019) 159. Meiches B, The Politics of Annihilation: A Genealogy of Genocide (1st edn, University of Minnesota Press 2019)  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

36. 36 Author Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography Edited Book MP Jain, Indian Constitutional Law (Justice Jasti Chelameswar and Justice Dama Seshadri Naidu eds, 8th edn , LexisNexis 2018). Jain MP, Indian Constitutional Law (Justice Jasti Chelameswar and Justice Dama Seshadri Naidu eds, 8th edn, LexisNexis 2018) Translated Book Amartya Sen, Bharteeya Arthtantra Ithias aur Sanskriti ( Bhawanishanker Bagla tr, first published 2005, Rajpal 2016). Sen A, Bharteeya Arthtantra Ithias aur Sanskriti ( Bhawanishanker Bagla tr, first published 2005, Rajpal 2016) Books by Government Organisations or Bodies Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India 2022 (66th edn, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting 2022). Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India 2022 (66th edn, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting 2022)  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

37. 37 Author Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography Books by UN Bodies United Nations Population Funds, # Childmothers (United Nations 2017) <https:// www.un-ilibrary.org /content/books/9789213627181#overview> accessed 9 September 2021. United Nations Population Funds, # Childmothers (United Nations 2017) <https:// www.un-ilibrary.org /content/books/9789213627181#overview> accessed 9 September 2021 e-Book C R Kothari, Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques (2nd rev edn, New Age International 2004) <https://www.cusb.ac.in/images/cusb-files/2020/el/cbs/MCCOM2003C04%20(Business%20Research%20Methods)Research_Methodology_C_R_Kothari.pdf> accessed 9 September 2021. Kothari CR, Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques (2nd rev edn, New Age International 2004) <https:// www.cusb.ac.in /images/ cusb -files/2020/el/ cbs /MCCOM2003C04%20(Business%20Research%20Methods) Research_Methodology_C_R_Kothari.pdf > accessed 9 September 2021  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

38. Contribution to Edited Books 38 Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography Dimitra Kamarinou , Christopher Millard and Felicity Turton, ‘Protection of Personal Data in Cloud and Rights of Individuals’ in Christopher Millard (ed), Cloud Computing Law (2nd edn, OUP 2021). Kamarinou D, Millard C and Turton F, ‘Protection of Personal Data in Cloud and Rights of Individuals’ in Christopher Millard (ed), Cloud Computing Law (2nd edn, OUP 2021) Name of Author(s) , | ‘Title of Contribution’ | in Name of Editor(s) ( ed (s)), | Title of the Book | (Additional Information, | Edition, | Publisher | Year) | Pinpoint | <URL> | accessed Day Month Year .  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

39. Contribution to Edited Books (Contd..) 39 Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography Ashwin Ramanathan, Anu Tiwari and Rachana Rautray , ‘India’ in Josias Dewey (ed), GLI – Blockchain & Cryptocurrency Regulation 2019 (1st edn, Global Legal Group 2018) 336 <https:// www.acc.com /sites/default/files/resources/ vl / membersonly /Article/1489775_1.pdf> accessed 10 September 2021. Ramanathan A, Tiwari A and Rautray R, ‘India’ in Josias Dewey (ed), GLI – Blockchain & Cryptocurrency Regulation 2019 (1st edn, Global Legal Group 2018) <https:// www.acc.com /sites/default/files/resources/ vl / membersonly /Article/1489775_1.pdf> accessed 10 September 2021 Name of Author(s) , | ‘Title of Contribution’ | in Name of Editor(s) ( ed (s)), | Title of the Book | (Additional Information, | Edition, | Publisher | Year) | Pinpoint | <URL> | accessed Day Month Year .  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

40. Encyclopedias and Dictionaries 40 Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography American Jurisprudence 2d Affidavits § 1. American Jurisprudence 2d Halsbury’s Laws (5th edn, 2021) vol 33. Halsbury’s Laws (5th edn, 2021) Black’s Law Dictionary (11th edn , 2019). Black’s Law Dictionary (11th edn , 2019) A Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence and and Toxicology (26th edn , 2021). A Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence and and Toxicology (26th edn , 2021) The Social Science Encyclopaedia (3rd edn, 2008). The Social Science Encyclopaedia (3rd edn, 2008) Name of Encyclopedia/Dictionary , | (Edition, Year of Issue or Reissue) | vol 00, | Pinpoint.  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

41. Journal/Law Review Articles 41 Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography Shankar Narayanan, ‘What is Law? – In Search of Method’ (2020) IX(I) NLIU Law Review 221, 239. Narayanan S, ‘What is Law? – In Search of Method’ (2020) IX(I) NLIU Law Review Faisan Mustafa and Prerna Dhoop , ‘Rule of Law in Bastar ’ (2016) VIII Indian Law Review 1, 4. Mustafa F and Dhoop P, ‘Rule of Law in Bastar ’ (2016) VIII Indian Law Review Badapbiang Tariang Dkhar and Akash Paul Lakra , ‘More than just a Game: Ownership of End User Modifications in Video Games under Copyright Law in India’ (2017) 6 NLIU Journal of Intellectual Property Law 53. Dkhar BT and Lakra AP, ‘More than just a Game: Ownership of End User Modifications in Video Games under Copyright Law in India’ (2017) 6 NLIU Journal of Intellectual Property Law Name of Author(s) , | ‘Title of Article’ | (Year) | Volume(Issue) | Name or Abbreviation of Journal | First Page of Article, | Pinpoint .  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

42. Journal/Law Review Articles (Contd..) 42 Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography Lee A Bygrave, ‘Information Concepts in Law: Generic Dreams and Definitional Daylight’ (2015) 35(1) Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 91, 95. Bygrave LA, ‘Information Concepts in Law: Generic Dreams and Definitional Daylight’ (2015) 35(1) Oxford Journal of Legal Studies Jason Bosland , Andrew T Kenyon and Sophie Walker, ‘Protecting Inference of Fact in Defamation Law: Fair Comment and Honest Opinion’ (2015) 74(2) Cambridge Law Journal 234. Bosland J, Kenyon AT and Walker S, ‘Protecting Inference of Fact in Defamation Law: Fair Comment and Honest Opinion’ (2015) 74(2) Cambridge Law Journal Micheal J Klarman, ‘Windsor and Brown: Marriage Equality and Racial Equality’ (2013) 127(1) Harvard Law Review 127. Klarman MJ, ‘Windsor and Brown: Marriage Equality and Racial Equality’ (2013) 127(1) Harvard Law Review  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

43. Online Journal/Law Review Articles 43 Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography Sunitha Abhay Jain, ‘Regulation of Cryptocurrency: An Indian Perspective’ (2021) 56(34) Economic & Political Weekly <https:// www.epw.in /journal/2021/34/commentary/regulation- cryptocurrency.html > accessed 10 September 2021. Jain SA, ‘Regulation of Cryptocurrency: An Indian Perspective’ (2021) 56(34) Economic & Political Weekly <https:// www.epw.in /journal/2021/34/commentary/regulation- cryptocurrency.html > accessed 10 September 2021 Name of Author( s) , | ‘Title of Article’ | (Year) | Volume(Issue) | Name or Abbreviation of Journal | <URL> | accessed Day Month Year .  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

44. Online Journal/Law Review Articles (Contd..) 44 Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography R Deogaonkar Anant, ‘Retributivism: Punishment and Justification’ (2021) 16(1) International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences <http:// www.sascv.org / ijcjs /pdfs/AnantDegaonkarVol16ssue1IJCJS.pdf> accessed 10 September 2021. Anant RD, ‘Retributivism: Punishment and Justification’ (2021) 16(1) International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences <http:// www.sascv.org / ijcjs /pdfs/AnantDegaonkarVol16ssue1IJCJS.pdf> accessed 10 September 2021 Name of Author( s) , | ‘Title of Article’ | (Year) | Volume(Issue) | Name or Abbreviation of Journal | <URL> | accessed Day Month Year .  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

45. Websites and Blogs 45 Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography Aaratrika Bhaumik , ‘Centre, States Urge Supreme Court To Settle Confusion In Reservation Norms for Promotions’ ( LiveLaw , 14 September 2021) <https:// www.livelaw.in /top-stories/reservation-promotions-confusion-in-norms-supreme-court-heairng-181576> accessed 14 September 2021. Bhaumik A, ‘Centre, States Urge Supreme Court To Settle Confusion In Reservation Norms for Promotions’ ( LiveLaw , 14 September 2021) <https:// www.livelaw.in /top-stories/reservation-promotions-confusion-in-norms-supreme-court-heairng-181576> accessed 14 September 2021 Name of Author(s) , | ‘Title of Article’ | ( Name of Website , | Day Month Year) | <URL> | accessed Day Month Year .  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

46. Websites and Blogs (Contd..) 46 Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography Aamir Khan, ‘State under obligation to keep criminal records database updated: Delhi Court’ ( Bar and Bench , 14 September 2021) <https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/delhi-court-state-under-obligation-to-maintain-criminal-database> accessed 14 September 2021. Khan A, ‘State under obligation to keep criminal records database updated: Delhi Court’ ( Bar and Bench , 14 September 2021) <https:// www.barandbench.com /news/litigation/delhi-court-state-under-obligation-to-maintain-criminal-database> accessed 14 September 2021 Name of Author(s) , | ‘Title of Article’ | ( Name of Website , | Day Month Year) | <URL> | accessed Day Month Year .  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

47. Websites and Blogs (Contd..) 47 Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography Mihir Rajamane , ‘Horizontal Reservations for Transgender Persons : Taking Intersectionality Forward’ ( Centre for Law & Policy Research , 21 August 2021) <https:// clpr.org.in /blog/horizontal-reservations-for-transgender-persons-taking-intersectionality-forward/> accessed 14 September 2021. Rajamane M, ‘Horizontal Reservations for Transgender Persons : Taking Intersectionality Forward’ ( Centre for Law & Policy Research , 21 August 2021) <https:// clpr.org.in /blog/horizontal-reservations-for-transgender-persons-taking-intersectionality-forward/> accessed 14 September 2021  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

48. Websites and Blogs (Contd..) 48 Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography Anupriya Dhonchak , ‘Parliamentary Standing Committee Report on IPR – a Regressive View’ ( SpicyIP , 26 August 2021) <https:// spicyip.com /2021/08/parliamentary-standing-committee-report-on-ipr-a-regressive-view.html> accessed 14 September 2021. Dhonchak A, ‘Parliamentary Standing Committee Report on IPR – a Regressive View’ ( SpicyIP , 26 August 2021) <https:// spicyip.com /2021/08/parliamentary-standing-committee-report-on-ipr-a-regressive-view.html> accessed 14 September 2021  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

49. Websites and Blogs (Contd..) 49 Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography SpicyIP , ‘Tracing the Contours of Copyrightability of ‘Unique Sports Celebrations’ (15 September 2021) <https:// spicyip.com /2021/09/tracing-the-contours-of-copyrightability-of-unique-sports-celebrations.html> accessed 21 September 2021. SpicyIP , ‘Tracing the Contours of Copyrightability of ‘Unique Sports Celebrations’ (15 September 2021) <https:// spicyip.com /2021/09/tracing-the-contours-of-copyrightability-of-unique-sports-celebrations.html> accessed 21 September 2021  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

50. Websites and Blogs (Contd..) 50 Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography The Law Blog, ‘Issue of Self-identification and Absence of Proper Mechanism: NALSA vs. UOI’ (28 June 2021) <https:// thelawblog.in /2021/06/28/issue-of-self-identification-and-absence-of-proper-mechanism-nalsa-vs-uoi/> accessed 21 September 2021. The Law Blog, ‘Issue of Self-identification and Absence of Proper Mechanism: NALSA vs. UOI’ (28 June 2021) <https:// thelawblog.in /2021/06/28/issue-of-self-identification-and-absence-of-proper-mechanism-nalsa-vs-uoi/> accessed 21 September 2021  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

51. Newspaper Articles 51 Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography Anuj Kumar, ‘Govt stands by the small farmer: Modi’ The Hindu (Aligarh, 14 September 2021) <https:// www.thehindu.com /news/national/government-stands-by-the-small-farmer- narendra - modi /article36455654.ece?homepage=true> accessed 14 September 2021. Kumar A, ‘Govt stands by the small farmer: Modi’ The Hindu (Aligarh, 14 September 2021) <https:// www.thehindu.com /news/national/government-stands-by-the-small-farmer- narendra - modi /article36455654.ece?homepage=true> accessed 14 September 2021 Name of Author(s) , | ‘Title of Article’ | Name of Newspaper | (City of Publication, | Day Month Year) | Pinpoint | <URL> | accessed Day Month Year .  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

52. Newspaper Articles 52 Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography C Raja Mohan, ‘Can the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation be the regional body that stabilises Afghanistan?’ The Indian Express (14 September 2021) <https:// indianexpress.com /article/opinion/columns/afghanistan-crisis-sco-central-asia-regional-cooperation-7506947/> accessed 14 September 2021. Mohan CR, ‘Can the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation be the regional body that stabilises Afghanistan?’ The Indian Express (14 September 2021) <https:// indianexpress.com /article/opinion/columns/afghanistan-crisis-sco-central-asia-regional-cooperation-7506947/> accessed 14 September 2021 Name of Author(s) , | ‘Title of Article’ | Name of Newspaper | (City of Publication, | Day Month Year) | Pinpoint | <URL> | accessed Day Month Year .  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

53. Newspaper Articles (Contd..) 53 Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography Sachin Dave, ‘Govt Looking to Paint NFT Picture in Crypto Bill’ The Economic Times (Bhopal, 11 September 2021) 1. Dave S, ‘Govt Looking to Paint NFT Picture in Crypto Bill’ The Economic Times (Bhopal, 11 September 2021) Arvind Sharma, ‘Contrasting Indian And Western Philosophy’ The Times of India (Bhopal, 2 March 2020) 10. Sharma A, ‘Contrasting Indian And Western Philosophy’ The Times of India (Bhopal, 2 March 2020) Avik Chandra, ‘Need to objectify history’ The Pioneer (Bhopal, 18 January 2021) 6. Chandra A, ‘Need to objectify history’ The Pioneer (Bhopal, 18 January 2021)  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

54. Foreign Judgements 54 Country Citation in Footnote Citation in Bibliography Australia Thaler v Commissioner of Patents [2021] FCA 879. Thaler v Commissioner of Patents [2021] FCA 879 United Kingdom Thaler v The Comptroller-General of Patents, Designs And Trade Marks [2020] EWHC 2412 (Pat). Thaler v The Comptroller-General of Patents, Designs And Trade Marks [2020] EWHC 2412 (Pat) United States of America Marbury v. Madison , 5 U.S. (1 Cranch ) 137 (1803). Marbury v. Madison , 5 U.S. (1 Cranch ) 137 (1803) European Union Data Protection Commissioner v Facebook Ireland Limited and Maximillian Schrems ECLI:EU:C:2020:559. Data Protection Commissioner v Facebook Ireland Limited and Maximillian Schrems ECLI:EU:C:2020:559  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

55. Chronology of Lists 55  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

56. List of Abbreviations 56 Abbreviations Full Forms BRLM Book Running Lead Manager BSE Bombay Stock Exchange CSP Cloud Service Provider ICC International Criminal Court ICCPR International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ILO International Labour Organisation MNC Multi-National Corporation NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development PCT Patent Cooperation Treaty UNHRC United Nations Human Rights Council USB Universal Serial Bus WIPO World Intellectual Property Organisation  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

57. Lists of Common Abbreviations Examples of List of Common Abbreviations, which can be used directly: 57 Term Abbreviation Criminal Crim European Eur International Intl Journal J Law or Legal L Quarterly Q Report(s) Rep Review Rev University U JOURNALS American Journal of International Law AJIL Cambridge Law Journal CLJ European Intellectual Property Review EIPR Oxford Journal of Legal Studies OJLS WORDS AND PHRASES IN FOOTNOTES affirmed affd appendix app article/articles art/arts clause/clauses cl/ cls For detailed list, please refer Section 4.2 Abbreviations of OSCOLA (4 th edn, University of Oxford 2012) 45.  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

58. Table of Statutes 58 The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974) The Constitution of India, 1950 The Indian Penal Code, 1860 (45 of 1860) The Information Technology Act, 2000 (21 of 2000) The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (32 of 2012) The Trademark Act, 1999 (47 of 1999)  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

59. Table of Cases 59 Case Title and Citation Page Numbers Aruna Ramachandra Shaunbaug v Union of India AIR 2011 SC 1290  5, 11, 23 , 72 Gian Kaur v State of Punjab AIR 1996 SC 1257 32 Kharak Singh v State of Uttar Pradesh AIR 1963 SC 1295  12, 45 Maneka Gandhi v Union of India AIR 1978 SC 597  73 P. Rathinam v Union of India AIR 1994 SC 1844 6  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

60. Bibliography Citing several work of same author in Bibliography Sen A, Bharteeya Arthtantra Ithias aur Sanskriti ( Bhawanishanker Bagla tr, first published 2005, Rajpal 2016) — —, Development as Freedom (rep edn, Anchor 2000) — —, On Economic Inequality (first published 1973, OUP 1998) — —, ‘Socialism, Markets and Democracy’ (1990) 37 Indian Economic Journal — —, The Idea of Justice (1st edn, Penguin 2010) — — and Dréze J, Causation in the Law (reprint edn, Clarendon 1991) — — and Pattanaik , ‘Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Rational Choice under Majority Decision’ (1969) 1(2) Journal of Economic Theory 60  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

61. Additional Points Latin Signals: ibid [short for ibidem, meaning ‘in the same place’] and cf [short for confer, meaning ‘compare’]. How to use Latin signals in subsequent citations? Eg : 1 The Constitution of India, 1950 art 21. 2 ibid. … 34 The Constitution of India, 1950 (n 1) art 141. Never italicize or capitalize. 61  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

62. How to cite within a citation? Eg : 1 Council of Europe statistics cited by Nikolaj Nielsen, ‘Prison Suicide Rates in France Highest in Europe’ EU Observer (2 April 2019) <https:// euobserver.com /justice/144563> accessed 21 August 2022. 12 ibid. Cited in Andrew Ashworth and Lucia Zedner , ‘Some Dilemmas of Indeterminate Sentences: Risk and Uncertainty, Dignity and Hope’ in Jan W de Keijser , Julian V Roberts and Jesper Ryberg (eds), Predictive Sentencing: Normative and Empirical Perspectives (Hart Publishing 2019) 127–48. 34 Avishai Margalit, The Decent Society (Harvard UP 1998) 70–5. Cited in John Tasioulas , ‘Punishment and Repentance’ (2006) 81 Philosophy 279, 295; Kimberley Brownlee, Conscience and Conviction (OUP 2012) 36. 62  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

63. Additional Points How to cite quotations? Short quotations  of up to 50 words [Approx. 3 lines] of text should be incorporated into the text within single quotation marks. Quotations within short quotations must be indicated within double quotation marks. Long quotations  of more than 50 words [Approx. 3 lines] of text, should be presented in an indented paragraph without quotation marks. Quotations within long quotations must be cited within single quotation marks alone. Quotation in the middle of a sentence. Quotation begins at the start of a sentence. Intervening text missing from the quotation . 63  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .

64. Thank You 64  Abhinav Gupta, Divya Salim and Ghayur Alam .