OSHES RISK ASSESSMENT LEVEL 1-21.06.23.pptx

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1. Slide Title Risk Assessment Level 1 The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 1

2. Slide Title Welcome to RA Level 1 The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 2 Keeping workers safe and healthy in the workplace is vital, so we’ve designed Risk Assessment Level 1 to be relevant to any workplace.

3. Required Content The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 3 MODULE DESCRIPTION 1 Understanding the Key Terminology of Risk Assessment 2 Legislation – The Occupational Safety and Health Act, TT 3 Risk Assessment Procedure 4 Hazard Identification 5 Evaluating Risks 6 Controlling Risks 7 Recording the Risk Assessment 8 Reviewing the Risk Assessment

4. INTRODUCTION Key learner outcome: 1) To understand the importance of conducting Risk Assessments. The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 4

5. Introduction The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 5 Is Risk a part of YOUR life? Of course it is! Risk is present all around us and is a part of everyone’s day to day activities, whether at work or at home. We cannot always avoid risks, but we can manage risks by putting things in place to reduce them and manage them effectively.

6. Introduction The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 6 A risk assessment is simply a careful examination of anything that may cause harm to you or others during the course of your work. Once this is done, you will then be able to decide upon the most appropriate action to take to minimize the likelihood of anyone being hurt.

7. Introduction The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 7 Page 5- What are the benefits of managing risks in an organisation?

8. MODULE 1: Understanding the Key Terminology of Risk Assessment Key learner outcome: 1) Describe some key terms used in the theory of Risk Assessment. The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 8

9. Module 1 Key Terms The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 9 SAFETY: The state of being safe and protected from danger or harm. HEALTH: The World Health Organisation (WHO) constitution states: "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." KEY TERMS      

10. Module 1 Key Terms The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 10 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH: The International Labour Organisation (ILO) identifies Occupational Safety and Health as the discipline dealing with the prevention of work-related injuries and diseases as well as the protection and promotion of the health of workers. It aims at the improvement of working conditions and environment.

11. Module 1 Key Terms The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 11 HAZARD : A hazard is anything that has the potential to cause harm/ injury/ damage/ loss to people, plant, property or the environment. This can include substances, plant or machines, methods of work, the working environment and other aspects of work organisation.   HAZARDOUS EVENT : A situation that can lead to the presence of a hazard or increase its adverse impact.  

12. Module 1 Key Terms The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 12   RISK: Risk is the likelihood that a hazard will cause harm in combination with the severity of injury, damage or loss that might foreseeably occur.

13. MODULE 2: The OSH Act, Trinidad & Tobago Key learner outcome: 1) Effectively apply knowledge of the legal requirements of the OSH Act in relation to Risk Assessment in the workplace . The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 13

14. Module 2 The OSH Act The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 14   EMPLOYEE: Means any person who has entered into or works under a contract with an employer to do any skilled, unskilled, manual, clerical or other work for hire or reward, whether the contract is expressed or implied, oral or in writing or partly oral and partly in writing, and includes public officers, the protective services and teachers.   KEY TERMS      

15. Module 2 The OSH Act The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 15 EMPLOYER: Means a person who employs persons for the purpose of carrying out any trade, business, profession, office, vocation or apprenticeship.   OCCUPIER: Means the person who has the ultimate control over the affairs of an industrial establishment;

16. Module 2 The OSH Act The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 16 FACTORY: Means premises in which, or within the curtilage or precincts of which, persons are employed, by way of trade, or intended trade, or for purposes of gain, in or incidental to any process, including— the making, demolishing, altering, repairing, warehousing, ornamenting, furnishing, distributing, cleaning, washing, breaking up or adapting for sale, of any article or product, or the filling of containers; the slaughtering of animals or poultry; the production of cinematograph films or other audio-visual material; the storing of gas; the transforming or converting of materials or chemicals; the supplying and maintaining of services in connection with water and sewerage; and the testing or analysing of any substance, and premises shall not be excluded from this definition by reason only that they are open-air premises;

17. Module 2 Legislation The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 17 PART II- GENERAL DUTIES 6. (1) It shall be the duty of every employer to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the safety, health and welfare at work of all his employees.

18. Module 2 Legislation The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 18 SECTION 13 A- ANNUAL RISK ASSESSMENT 13A. (1) Every employer shall make a suitable and sufficient annual assessment of- The risk to the safety and health of his employees to which they are expose whilst they are at work; and (b) The risks to the safety and health of persons not in his employment arising out of or in the connection with the environmental impact of his undertaking.

19. Module 2 Legislation The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 19 SECTION 13 A- ANNUAL RISK ASSESSMENT 13A.(2) Any assessment referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) shall be reviewed by the employer who made it if- (a) There is reason to suspect that it is no longer valid; or (b) There has been a significant change in the matters to which it relates, and where as a result of any such review changes to an assessment are required, the employer of self-employed person concerned shall make them.

20. Module 2 Legislation The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 20 SECTION 13 A- ANNUAL RISK ASSESSMENT 13A.(3) Where the employer employs twenty-five or more employees, he shall keep a record in accordance with section 75 of - The findings of the assessment; and (b) Any group of his employees identified by the assessment as being exposed to an occupational safety and health risk.

21. Module 2 Legislation The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 21 PART XIII- ADMINISTRATION 75. (1) Every register or record kept in pursuance of the Act shall be preserved and kept available for inspection by an inspector for at least five years after the date of the last entry in the register or record or for such other period as may be prescribed for any class or description of register or record, except in the case of a health record, the record shall be kept for at least twenty-five years .

22. MODULE 3: Risk Assessment Procedure Learner outcomes: Understand the meaning of Risk. Understand the meaning of Risk Assessment. Distinguish between a Qualitative Risk Assessment and a Quantitative Risk Assessment. Explain how Risk Assessments are carried out. The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 22

23. Module 3 Risk Assessment Procedure The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 23

24. Module 3 The Meaning of Risk The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 24 Page 12- What could go wrong when crossing the road?

25. Module 3 The Meaning of Risk The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 25 Let’s put the definition of Risk into context… A hazardous event is when something or someone interacts with the hazard and harm results. Take for instance, while crossing the road, you notice a car approaching. The approaching car (hazard) itself isn’t causing any harm, but if the car came in contact with you (the hazardous event) then it would be harmful.

26. Module 3 The Meaning of Risk The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 26 Every hazardous event has a likelihood and a consequence… Likelihood or Probability is the measure of chance that the hazardous event will occur. If you are crossing the road on a busy highway, it is more likely that you would get knocked down. However, if you’re in an area that doesn’t have a lot of traffic, then the chances of being knocked down are reduced.

27. Module 3 The Meaning of Risk The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 27 Consequence or Severity is the outcome of the hazardous event. If a car came in contact with you while crossing the road, there will be several possible consequences; you might be grazed by the edge of the car with no consequences or may end up with broken bones or even death.

28. Module 3 The Meaning of Risk The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 28 Risk can now be explained as the likelihood or probability that a hazard will cause harm in combination with the consequences or severity of injury, damage or loss that might foreseeably occur. Throughout this course we would be using this definition.  

29. Module 3 The Meaning of Risk The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 29 When calculating risks, we use the following: RISK = PROBABILITY X SEVERITY   or   RISK = LIKELIHOOD X SEVERITY   or   RISK = LIKELIHOOD x CONSEQUENCE   or   RISK = PROBABILITY x HAZARD EFFECT    

30. Module 3 The Meaning of Risk The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 30 Page 15- Refer to the picture. In your own words, write what you think is happening.

31. Module 3 The Meaning of Risk The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 31 RISK ASSESSMENT is “The act of judging the significance of the risk and prioritizing different risks.” WORKING SAFELY

32. A Risk Assessment enables you to… The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 32

33. Module 3 The Meaning of Risk The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 33

34. Risk Assessment is a 5-step process: The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 34

35. MODULE 4: Hazard Identification The learner must be able to: 1. Understand the categories of hazards. 2. Understand where hazards can arise from in the workplace. 3. Describe the methods and sources of Information that can be used to identify workplace hazards. 4. Recognise common workplace hazards. The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 35

36. Module 4 Hazard Identification The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 36

37. Module 4 Hazard Identification The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 37 The term “ harm ” refers to the adverse effects posed by hazards. Harm is also known as the hazard effect. The hazard effect is described as the consequence which can result if the hazard is realised and can be grouped as follows: Injury or Death Damage to property Adverse Environmental Impact

38. Module 4 Hazard Identification The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 38 Page 22- Picture a hazardous material leaking out of a container on a pallet in a warehouse. The leaking material is a hazard, but harm only occurs when the material has caused negative health effects to a human, property or equipment damage or damage to the environment. List the hazard effects.

39. Module 4 Hazard Identification The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 39 Categories of Hazards

40. 40 Where are hazards found?

41. 41 Where are hazards found?

42. 42 How to identify workplace hazards

43. 43 How to identify workplace hazards

44. Module 4 Hazard Identification The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 44 What materials or situations do I come into contact with? Possibilities could include electricity, chemicals, temperature extremes etc. What materials or equipment could I be struck by? Moving objects e.g., vehicles; flying objects e.g., sparks or shards from grinding; falling material. What objects or equipment could I strike or hit my body upon, or that part of my body might be caught in, on, or between? These could include stationary or moving objects; protruding objects; sharp or jagged edges etc.   Recognising common workplace hazards

45. Module 4 Hazard Identification The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 45   What could I fall from? Examples include falls to lower levels, fall from ladders, roofs etc. What could I slip or trip on? This can result in falls to the same level and may occur from obstructions on floor and stairs, wet/oily/icy surface issues etc. How could I overexert myself? From lifting, pulling, pushing, carrying, repetitive motions etc. What other situations could I come across? This can be numerous, and it is specific to the situation. Some examples include unknown/unauthorized people in area, violence, lone working, confined spaces, new equipment or procedure, fire/explosion.     Recognising common workplace hazards

46. 46 Page 27 You have 15 minutes to identify the hazards in both pictures.

47. 47 Page 27 You have 15 minutes to identify the hazards in both pictures.

48. 48 Page 28

49. MODULE 5: Evaluating Risks The learner must be able to: 1.Describe the concept of risk estimation. 2.Understand the concept of risk evaluation using a 5 X 5 matrix. 3.Apply knowledge learnt when assessing risks in a practical exercise. The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 49

50. Module 5 Evaluating Risks The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 50

51. Module 5 Evaluating Risks The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 51 Estimating the hazard (likelihood of occurrence) Consideration must be given to: Who? This considers the skills, knowledge, training, experience and competence of persons carrying out or required to carry out the work. What? This refers to the type of work being carried out, the number of hazards in the workplace, and the history of accidents. Where? This focuses on where the work is taking place: indoors/outdoors, above/below ground, ground level, open area, confined space etc. Why? This looks at why the job is being carried out: breakdown response, routine work, planned maintenance, essential etc.

52. Module 5 Evaluating Risks The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 52 Estimating the hazard (likelihood of occurrence)- continued Consideration must be given to: When? This considers the time of day and the arrangements in place: daylight, night-time. Are other persons present? Supervision available? How? This highlights how the job is done. Are there procedures available? Safe Systems of Work in place? Method Statement available and communicated to staff? How long? The duration and frequency of work can impact the likelihood of the hazard occurring. We consider if the work is continuous, intermittent, daily, weekly, monthly or annually. How much? This addresses the quantity of the hazard, for example, the quantity of the hazardous substances persons may be exposed to, the amount and type of hazardous energy, weight and volume etc.

53. Module 5 Evaluating Risks The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 53 Estimating the hazard effect (severity or consequences) Consideration must be given to: Who could be harmed i.e., the specific group of employees, contractors, customers, visitors, members of the public etc. Special consideration is given to persons who are vulnerable such as young persons, pregnant women and differently abled persons. The number of persons that could be harmed. The extent of injury likely to result or severity of the injury. The cost of damage which may result. The extent of impact on the environment.

54. Module 5 Evaluating Risks The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 54 Remember: The WORSE the outcome might be, the HIGHER the hazard effect (severity/consequence) will be.

55. 55 Task: Cleaning the kitchen. Perform a Qualitative Risk Assessment of the task above. Fill your answers on the table on page 32

56. Module 5 Evaluating Risks The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 56 Y our next step is to evaluate the risk by assigning numbers or a ranking to the probability and the severity. This can be done by using a five-point scale for each factor being considered. Risk Evaluation using a 5 x5 Matrix

57. Module 5 Evaluating Risks The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 57 Calculating Likelihood

58. Module 5 Evaluating Risks The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 58 When evaluating the likelihood of a hazardous event (accident), a factor that will modify the likelihood category is exposure : Very Rare - Once per year or less - Occasional - Once per week Rare - A few times per year - Frequent - Daily Unusual - Once per month - Continuous - Constant Calculating Likelihood

59. Module 5 Evaluating Risks The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 59 Calculating Severity

60. Module 5 Evaluating Risks The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 60 Using the risk ratings assigned for likelihood and severity and the above formula, the estimated level of risk can be determined. Now you can evaluate the level of risk involved – whether the hazardous event will be a low risk, a medium risk or a high risk as can be seen in the risk matrix. Estimating Level of Risk

61. 61 Risk Assessment Matrix

62. Module 5 Evaluating Risks The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 62 Checkpoint! You have estimated the risk and calculated your risk level.   How will we treat with the risk? International OSH Standards and local labour laws expect organisations to do everything “so far as is reasonably practicable” to protect people from harm.

63. 63 Treatment of Risks

64. MODULE 6: Controlling Risks The learner must be able to: 1.Explain the Principle of Risk Control. 2.Understand the Hierarchy of Controls. 3.Apply the concepts learnt when choosing and recommending risk controls in a practical exercise. The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 64

65. Module 6 Controlling Risks The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 65 Checkpoint! You have learnt how to identify hazards in the work environment and evaluate the associated risk. What’s your next step? Knowing risks exist in the workplace, and not knowing how to suitably and sufficiently control it can defeat the purpose of a risk assessment.

66. The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 66 Page 38- Why do we need to control risks in our workplace? Module 6 Controlling Risks

67. Module 6 Controlling Risks The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 67 Bottom line - Risks in our workplace must be managed. In most countries, this is a legal requirement. As an employer, we also have a moral obligation. Accidents and ill-health also have a negative financial impact on organisations.

68. Module 6 Controlling Risks The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 68 Risk control can be thought of as “changing the way we work in order to minimize risk”. Therefore, in reducing risk we use the following three approaches: Reducing the likelihood of the hazardous event occurring. Reducing the severity of the hazardous event. Reducing both factors simultaneously. The Principle of Risk Control

69. 69 The Hierarchy of Controls

70. Module 6 Controlling Risks The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 70 When choosing controls, you may ask yourself: How many people need to be protected? How reliant is the effectiveness of the risk control on human behavior? How much does the risk control cost? How much is it going to reduce the risk by? Will the selected control introduce other risks? The Hierarchy of Controls

71. Module 6 Controlling Risks The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 71 When deciding on controls, we apply controls in layers, starting with the most ideal method, i.e., elimination and moving our way down the hierarchy. After we have decided on the controls, we may ask ourselves, “Have I done enough to reduce the risk to an acceptable level?” The general philosophy is that we need to control the risks ‘ so far as is reasonably practicable’ or ‘as low as reasonably practicable’. The Hierarchy of Controls

72. Module 6 Controlling Risks The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 72 This simply means that we consider the following when choosing our controls:  Best Quality  Readily Available  Compatible Technology  Reasonable Cost  Effort or Resources required  Time for Implementation The Hierarchy of Controls

73. Module 6 Controlling Risks The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 73 Residual Risk is the risk that remains after all safety measures and procedures have been taken and properly implemented . The Hierarchy of Controls

74. MODULE 7: Recording the Risk Assessment The learner must be able to: 1.Understand the requirements for recording of Risk Assessments. 2.Record the findings of the Risk Assessment in the practical exercise. The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 74

75. Module 7 Recording Risk Assessments The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 75 Requirements for Recording RAs

76. Module 7 Recording Risk Assessments The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 76 Requirements for Recording RAs

77. 77 Task: Installation of a Muster Point Sign. You are required to install a Muster Point sign on a metal frame mounted on top a 4ft concrete wall. The frame needs to be levelled before mounting. Using an electric hand drill, wall plugs and screws, conduct a Task Risk Assessment (TRA). You are required to use the 5 X 5 matrix used in this program and record your findings on the Risk Assessment Form given on the following pages.

78. 78 Task: Installation of a Muster Point Sign. The following steps for the job are required: Cut and level metal frame using a hacksaw. Drill the required holes on the metal frame and concrete wall using an electric hand drill. Mount PVC sign on metal frame and then mount the frame onto the concrete wall.

79. 79 Task: Installation of a Muster Point Sign. Cut Off

80. 80

81. 81

82. MODULE 8: Reviewing the Risk Assessment The learner must be able to: 1.Describe the reasons for reviewing a Risk Assessment. The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 82

83. Module 8 Reviewing Risk Assessments The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 83 We’re at the end! The last step of the process is to review the findings of the Risk Assessment. The reasons for reviewing a Risk Assessment are as follows: Annual Review (as required by some OSH laws) Change in Scope of Activities New Equipment Change in Procedure Change in staff Changes in legislation and standards Accidents/Near Misses

84. SUMMARY It is important to manage risks because… The OSH Act places a duty on the employer to … A hazard is … Information about hazards in the workplace can be found in… The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 84 5. Risk is… 6. Risk Assessment is… 7. The five steps of a Risk Assessment are…

85. The more we talk about Safety, the less we talk about Accidents. 85 THANK YOU !