Osmosis

1. Welcome to our presentation

2. Presented By_ Razia sultana Jemim 14109054 Asha Nur 141090** Trina 141090**

3. Objectives: 1.) to explain and understand the process of Osmosis; 2.) to differentiate hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic solutions; 3.) enumerate some important applications of Osmosis;

4. MENU (Topics to be discussed) What is Osmosis? Osmosis vs. Diffusion Terms used in Osmosis Applications of Osmosis Osmotic Pressure

5. What is Osmosis? It is the spontaneous net movement of a solvent like water, across a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.

6. Both are processes that equalize the concentration of two solutions but both differ in their nature and process . Diffusion involves solvent and solute particles to move to equalize concentrations from lower to higher concentrations. But no semi-permeable membrane is involved . It mainly occurs in gaseous state or within gas molecules and liquid molecules and usually does not need water for movement . How does osmosis differ from diffusion ?

7. Example of diffusion may involve the following: ( a) Perfume or Air Freshener where the gas molecules diffuse into the air spreading the aroma, and (b) diffusion of dye in water

8. On the other hand, in osmosis, only solvent particles move. Solute particles tend not to move and the movement is through the semi-permeable membrane. It may require liquids for movement and a semi-permeable membrane.

9. Terms used in Osmosis 1.) Hypertonic  used to refer to the solution with higher concentration or more solute. 2.) Hypotonic  used to refer to the solution with lower concentration or less solute. 3.) Isotonic  If both solutions have equal concentrations, they are said to be isotonic.

10. Applications of Osmosis So where can we usually use osmosis? How can human and other living organisms benefit from the concept of osmosis? It assists plants in receiving water. It helps in the preservation of fruit and meat. It is used in kidney dialysis. It can be reversed to remove salt and other impurities from water. Osmotic generation of power.

11. Factors Osmotic Pressure It is basically the pressure that would have to be applied to a pure solvent to prevent it from passing into a given solution by osmosis, often used to express the concentration of the solution.

12. Factors 2. Osmotic gradient The osmotic gradient is the difference in concentration between two   solutions on either side of a semipermeable membrane, and is used to tell the difference in percentages of the concentration of a specific particle dissolved in a solution .

13. Variation Reverse osmosis Reverse osmosis is a separation process that uses pressure to force a solvent through a  semi-permeable membrane  that retains the solute on one side and allows the pure solvent to pass to the other side, forcing it from a region of high solute concentration through a membrane to a region of low solute concentration by applying a pressure in excess of the  osmo tic pressure .

14. 2. Forward osmosis Osmosis may be used directly to achieve separation of water from a solution containing unwanted solutes. Forward osmosis is an area of ongoing research, focusing on applications in desalination, water purification, water treatment, food processing, etc. Variation

15. Conclusion Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane. The molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration and vice- veca . Osmosis is important to plants because it is the way the plant gets water through its leaves and root hair cells Process of osmosis net movement of water into a cell percentage, Water was 90 % inside the cell and 95% outside the cell