Osmotic and temperature regulation, excretion

1413 Presentation

1. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion

2. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion Water and Osmotic Regulation Diffusion, osmosis, and active transport (a review) Diffusion : the movement of particles or molecules from an area of high concentration of those particles to an area of lower concentration. Requires no energy (i.e., atp). 13 3

3. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion Water and Osmotic Regulation Diffusion, osmosis, and active transport (a review) Diffusion : the movement of particles or molecules from an area of high concentration of those particles to an area of lower concentration. Requires no energy (i.e., atp). 8 8

4. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion Water and Osmotic Regulation Diffusion, osmosis, and active transport (a review) Osmosis : flow of a solvent (usually water) through a semipermeable membrane in a direction that will equalize concentrations. Requires no energy (i.e., atp). 8 8

5. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion Water and Osmotic Regulation Diffusion, osmosis, and active transport (a review) Osmosis : flow of a solvent (usually water) through a semipermeable membrane in a direction that will equalize concentrations. Requires no energy (i.e., atp). 8 8

6. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion Water and Osmotic Regulation Diffusion, osmosis, and active transport (a review) Osmosis : flow of a solvent (usually water) through a semipermeable membrane in a direction that will equalize concentrations. Requires no energy (i.e., atp). 8 8

7. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion Water and Osmotic Regulation Diffusion, osmosis, and active transport (a review) Active transport : movement of molecules against a concentration gradient. Requires energy (i.e., atp) 11 5

8. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion Water and Osmotic Regulation Diffusion, osmosis, and active transport (a review) Active transport : movement of molecules against a concentration gradient. Requires energy (i.e., atp) 14 2

9. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion Osmoconformers Animals that are incapable of regulating osmotic pressure Their salt/water content will match the water they are in Common in marine habitats Rare is variable habitats

10. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion Salt and water balance in freshwater fishes

11. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion Salt and water balance in marine fishes

12. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion Temperature regulation Biochemical reactions are sensitive to temperature At higher or lower temperature, enzyme function degrades As a result, organisms need to maintain relatively constant body temperature Ectothermy and Endothermy Ectotherms - body temperature determined by environment Endotherms - body temperature determined from metabolism

13. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion Ectotherm regulation Behavioral adjustments Metabolic adjustments

14. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion Endotherm regulation Balancing production with loss (radiation, conduction, convection , and evaporation of water)

15. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion Endotherm regulation Adaptations for hot environments Fossoriality - living underground Nocturnality - active at night Evaporative cooling - sweating / panting

16. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion Endotherm regulation Adaptations for cold environments Decreased conductance - enhance insulation Increased heat production Countercurrent heat exchange

17. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion Endotherm regulation Adaptive hypothermia Hibernation Estivation Torpor

18. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion Excretion Process of ridding the body of metabolic wastes Invertebrate structures Contractile vacuole - mostly osmoregulation - unicellular eukaryotes Nephridium (aka, protonephridium , flame cell ) - acoelomates, pseudocoelomates Metanephridium (aka, nephridium) - eucoelomates Antennal glands - arthropods (crustaceans) Malpighian tubules - arthropods (arachnids, insects)

19. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion

20. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion

21. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion

22. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion

23. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion

24. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion Excretion Process of ridding the body of metabolic wastes Vertebrate structures Kidney, but has undergone many changes over evolutionary history

25. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion Excretion

26. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion Excretion

27. Osmotic and Temperature Regulation, Excretion Excretion