Osteoarthritis.pptx

The PPT helps the nursing students to understand about osteoarthritis clearly

1. OSTEOA R THRITIS By M r . Ana n dh Sam Per e r a . S Professor

2. Etiological factors/ Risk factors Osteoarthritis has a multifactorial aetiology and can be primary (with no obvious cause) or secondary (due to trauma, infiltrative disease or connective tissue diseases, genetic). Risk factors for primary OA include obesity , advancing age , female gender , and manual labour occupations.

3. Pathophysiology ▶ Osteoarthritis is traditionally thought of as a ‘wear and tear’ disease which occurs as we age. ▶ The pathogenesis of OA involves a degradation of cartilage and remodelling of bone due to an active response of chondrocytes in the articular cartilage and the inflammatory cells in the surrounding tissues. ▶ The release of enzymes from these cells break down collagen and proteoglycans, destroying the articular cartilage . The exposure of the underlying subchondral bone results in sclerosis , followed by reactive remodelling changes that lead to the formation of osteophytes and subchondral bone cysts . The j oint space is progressively lost over time.

4. Clinical Manifestations ▶ Swollen, creaky joints are a hallmark of osteoarthritis. ▶ The bony growths generally occur on the finger joints nearest the fingertip is called as Heberden’s node, also called as the distal interphalangeal joints. ▶ Similar swellings located on the lower joints, or the proximal interphalangeal joints, are called Bouchard’s nodes.

5. Pain. Affected joints might hurt during or after movement. Stiffness. Joint stiffness might be most noticeable upon awakening or after being inactive. Tenderness. Your joint might feel tender when you apply light pressure to or near it. Loss of flexibility. You might not be able to move your joint through its full range of motion. Grating sensation. You might feel a grating sensation when you use the joint, and you might hear popping or crackling. Bone spurs. These extra bits of bone, which feel like hard lumps, can form around the affected joint. Swelling.

6. Diagnostic Evaluation H.C P.E X-ray MRI Blood test – RF negative Synovial fluid analysis

7. Managem e nt Conservative to Medical to Surgical. Conservative: 🠶 Patients should be educated about their condition and its progression, including advise on joint protection and emphasising the importance of strengthening and exercise . Patients who are overweight should also be advised on weight loss . 🠶 Some non-pharmacological interventions that can be offered include local heat or ice packs , joint supports , and physiotherapy (most effective option for longer-term outcomes).

8. Medical Simple analgesics and topical NSAIDs are the mainstay of most medical management for OA, alongside the conservative measures. Calcium Vit. D Chondroprotective agents: is a specific compound or chemical that delays progressive joint space narrowing characteristic of arthritis and improves the biomechanics of articular joints by protecting chondrocytes. chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine and hyaluronic acid.

9. Su r gic a l: Surgical management choice will depend on the site affected. ▶ Osteotomy ▶ Arthrodesis (joint fusion) ▶ Arthroplasty

10. Nursing Management Acute pain related to degenerated bony surface Immobility related to pain in the joints Self care deficit related to arthritis Sleep pattern disturbances Anxiety

11. Difference between OA and RA OA and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) share the same symptoms but are very different conditions. OA is a degenerative condition, which means that it increases in severity over time. RA, on the other hand, is an autoimmune disorder. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide