Osteoporosis and Osteomalacia

Difference between the Osteoporosis and Osteomalacia

1. Osteoporosis and Osteomalacia Mrs. P. Karthika Assistant Professor Department of Food Science and Nutrition Periyar University, Salem - 11

2. Definition Prevalence Signs and Symptoms Causes Risk factors Diagnosis Treatment Content

3. Osteoporosis Osteomalacia It is a disease in which bone weakening increases the risk of a broken bone. Common in elderly people. Bones that commonly break include the vertebrae in the spine, the bones of the forearm, and the hip. Until a broken bone occurs there are typically no symptoms It is a disease characterized by the softening of the bones caused by impaired bone metabolism primarily due to inadequate levels of available phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D, or because of resorption of calcium. The impairment of bone metabolism causes inadequate bone mineralization. Definition

4. Prevalence Osteoporosis Osteomalacia Osteoporosis is the most prevalent bone disease in the world. NNHANES III dataset – estimates indicate 13-18% or 4-6 million have osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a disease affecting many millions of people around the world. NNHANES III dataset - estimates indicate 37-50% or 13-17 million, have osteopenia

5. Signs and symptoms Osteoporosis Osteomalacia Decrease in height over time Hunched or stooped posture Lower back pain Easier than normal bone fracture Difficulty in rising from a chair Difficult in walking Low back pain Muscle weakness Weight loss Bowed legs

6. Causes Osteoporosis Osteomalacia lack of certain hormones, particularly estrogen in women and androgen in men Diet and lifestyle change Prolong medication Low physical activity Sufficient vitamin D Certain surgeries Lifestyle changes Diet modification Low physical activity

7. Risk factor Osteoporosis Osteomalacia Sex Imbalanced hormone Ethnicity Genetic factor Fracture history Inactive lifestyle Medications Vitamin D Sun exposure Inactive lifestyle Age

8. Blood and urine tests (calcium and phosphorus) X-rays (structure) Bone biopsy (threatening stage) Diagnosis

9. dairy - milk, yoghurt, cream, cheese etc. green leafy vegetables such as cabbage, broccoli, kale and okra also fennel, spinach. fortified orange juice. sesame seeds. dried figs and apricots. tofu, calcium-fortified. soya drinks with added calcium. soya beans Dietary Management