Osteoporosis PPT for nursing students...

This presentation makes the students to understand about the concept very easily

1. By Mr.Anandh Sam Perera . S Professor

2. Definition Osteoporosis is defined as a reduction in the strength of bone which become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D. that leads to an increased risk of fractures.

3. Osteoporosis literally leads to abnormally porous bone that is compressible, like a sponge.

4. This disorder of the skeleton weakens the bone and results in frequent fractures (breaks) in the bones.

5. Normal bone is composed of protein, collagen, and calcium, all of which give bone its strength. Bones that are affected by osteoporosis can break (fracture) with relatively minor injury that normally would not cause a bone to fracture. The fracture can be either in the form of cracking (as in a hip fracture ) or collapsing (as in a compression fracture of the vertebrae of the spine). The spine, hips, ribs, and wrists are common areas of bone fractures from osteoporosis although osteoporosis-related fractures can occur in almost any skeletal bone.

6. Understanding of Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis occurs when there is an imbalance between new bone formation and old bone rebsorption . The body may fail to form enough new bone, or too much old bone may be reabsorbed, or both. Two essential minerals for normal bone formation are calcium and phosphate. Throughout youth, the body uses these minerals to produce bones. Calcium is essential for proper functioning of the heart, brain, and other organs. To keep those critical organs functioning, the body reabsorbs calcium that is stored in the bones to maintain blood calcium levels. If calcium intake is not sufficient or if the body does not absorb enough calcium from the diet, bone production and bone tissue may suffer. Thus, the bones may become weaker, resulting in fragile and brittle bones that can break easily

7. Etiological Factors: The leading cause of osteoporosis is a lack of certain hormones, particularly estrogen in women and androgen in men. Women, especially those older than 60 years of age, are frequently diagnosed with the disease. Menopause is accompanied by lower estrogen levels and increases a woman's risk for osteoporosis.

8. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 1. Peak Bone Mass 2. Bone Remodeling

9. 1.Peak bone mass & Osteoporosis Peak bone mass is the maximum mass of bone achieved by an individual at skeletal maturity, typically between ages 25 and 35 After peak bone mass is attained, both men and women lose bone mass over the remainder of their lifetimes Because of the subsequent bone loss, peak bone mass is an important factor in the development of osteoporosis 13

10. 2.BONE MODELING AND REMODELING MODELLING- During growth, the skeleton increases in size by linear growth and by apposition of new bone tissue on the outer surfaces of the cortex. REMODELLING- It is a cellular process of bone activity by which both cortical and cancellous bone are maintained.

11. Osteoporosis results a from bone loss due to age related changes in bone remodelling as well as extrinsic and intrinsic factors that exagerate this process. Bone remodelling has two main functions- to repair micro damage within skeleton to maintain skeletal strength. To supply calcium to maintain serum calcium levels.

12. Signs and Symptoms

13. Diagnostic Evaluation

14. Management

15. VIT D recommended daily intakes of 200 IU for adults <50 years of age, 400 IU for those 50–70 years, and 600 IU for those >70 years.  Treatment of vitamin D deficiency- Adults should be treated with 50,000 IU once a week or the equivalent daily dose (7000 IU vitamin D 2 or vitamin D 3 ) for8–12 weeks to achieve a 25(OH)D blood level of approximately 30 ng/ml. This regimen should be followed by maintenance therapy of 1500– 2000 IU/day. The Institute of Medicine report suggests that it is safe to take up to 4000 IU/d.

16. NON PHARMACOLOGICAL – PREVENTION OF OSTEOPOROSIS AND OSTEOPOROTIC FARCTURE. NUTRITION LIFE STYLE MODIFICATIONS PREVENTION OF FALL HIP PROTECTORS BASIC THERAUPETIC MEASURES VIT D AND CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION ESTEROGEN AND HRT ANTI RESORBTIVE AGENTS CALCITONIN BISPHOSHPHANTES SERM DONESUMAB DRUGS STIMULATE BONE FORMATION SODIUM FLOURIDE EXOGENOUS PTH VIT D ANALOGUES DRUGS WITH DUAL ACTION STRONTIUM RANELATE

17. B. LIFESTYLE MODIFICATIONS- Physical activity-weight bearing and muscle strengthing exercises. Exercise improves bone strength by 30%to 50%. Exercise should be life long. Cessation of smoking,alcohol,high caffeine intake. Adequate sunexposure

18. C. Prevention of falls Exercises like balance training, lower limb strengthing exercises Correction of sensory impairment like correction of low vision and hearing impairments Reduce environmental hazards Appropriate reduction of medications Education of individual in behavior strategies

19. D. HIP PROTECTORS- PREVENT DIRECT IMPACT ON PELVIS. 1.Energy absorption type 2.Energy shunting types 3.Crash helmet type 4.Airbag type

20. Surgical Management